應(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)原理(li)是什(shen)么? 消防應(ying)(ying)急照明燈(deng)布燈(deng)位置(zhi)
應急燈的作用
消防應急燈作為在火災(zai)現(xian)場(chang)及不可抗(kang)拒災(zai)難事故發生時,為被困在事故現(xian)場(chang)的人員尋找(發現(xian))緊急(ji)逃生安全出口通道時提供應急(ji)照(zhao)明和方向指示(shi)的必備(bei)燈具。
當發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)突發(fa)(fa)性的停電、火災事(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)的發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)或地震等不可(ke)抗拒的災難事(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)時,用于事(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)現(xian)場(chang)(chang)人員的緊急疏散,迅速逃離現(xian)場(chang)(chang),對被困現(xian)場(chang)(chang)人員的營救,提(ti)供指示照明(ming);并且適(shi)用于一般(ban)家庭的使用。
應急燈原理
國(guo)內使(shi)用(yong)的(de)應(ying)急(ji)照明系統以自帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源獨立控(kong)制型為主,正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源接自普(pu)通(tong)照明供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)回路中(zhong),平時(shi)對應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),當正常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源切(qie)斷時(shi),備用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi))自動供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。這種形式的(de)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)每個(ge)燈(deng)(deng)具內部都有(you)變(bian)壓、穩(wen)壓、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、逆變(bian)、蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)等大量的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元器件,應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)在使(shi)用(yong)、檢修(xiu)、故障時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)均(jun)需(xu)充(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
另一(yi)種是集(ji)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)集(ji)中(zhong)控(kong)制(zhi)型,應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)內(nei)無(wu)獨立電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan),正常照(zhao)(zhao)明電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)故障時,由(you)集(ji)中(zhong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。在(zai)這(zhe)種形(xing)式的應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明系統(tong)中(zhong),所有燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)內(nei)部復雜的電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路被省掉了(le),應(ying)急(ji)照(zhao)(zhao)明燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)與普通的燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)無(wu)異,集(ji)中(zhong)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)設置在(zai)專(zhuan)用的房間內(nei)。
應急燈安裝高度
常見的(de)消(xiao)防應(ying)急照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)燈,一般安裝在(zai)2.2米或(huo)以上(shang)的(de)高度,多以懸掛式或(huo)壁掛式掛置于(yu)安全出(chu)口(消(xiao)防安全通道(dao))的(de)上(shang)方(fang)或(huo)門框的(de)上(shang)方(fang)。在(zai)火災發(fa)生或(huo)停(ting)電之時,自(zi)動點亮,作為應(ying)急照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)燈具,提(ti)供應(ying)急照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)條件。在(zai)火災發(fa)生的(de)初(chu)期發(fa)揮的(de)作用大一些(xie)。
消防應急照明燈布燈位置
根據<建筑(zhu)設計防火規(gui)范>及<高層民用(yong)建筑(zhu)設計防火規(gui)范>規(gui)定(ding),應在(zai)建筑(zhu)物內的下(xia)列部位(wei)設置消防應急照明(ming)燈:
1、封閉樓梯間、防煙樓梯間及其前室,消(xiao)防電梯及其前室;
2、配電(dian)室(shi)、消防(fang)控制室(shi)、自動發電(dian)機房(fang)、消防(fang)水泵房(fang)、防(fang)煙排(pai)煙機房(fang)、供消防(fang)用電(dian)的(de)蓄電(dian)池室(shi)、電(dian)話總機房(fang)以及(ji)在(zai)發生火(huo)災時仍需(xu)堅(jian)持工(gong)作的(de)其它房(fang)間;
3、觀(guan)眾廳(ting)每層超(chao)過1500m2的(de)展(zhan)覽(lan)廳(ting)、營業廳(ting)、建(jian)筑面積超(chao)過200m2 的(de)演播室、人員密集且建(jian)筑面積超(chao)過300m2的(de)地下室;
4、公共建(jian)筑內的疏(shu)散走道(dao)(dao)和長度超過(guo)20m的內走道(dao)(dao)。
消防應急標志燈布燈標志
疏散(san)(san)指示標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)可(ke)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)出口(kou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)和疏散(san)(san)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)指示標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)。出口(kou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝部位通(tong)(tong)常是在(zai)建筑物通(tong)(tong)向室(shi)外的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常出口(kou)和應急(ji)出口(kou),多(duo)層(ceng)和高(gao)層(ceng)建筑各(ge)樓(lou)層(ceng)通(tong)(tong)向樓(lou)梯間和消防電梯前(qian)室(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)門(men)(men)口(kou),大面積的(de)(de)(de)(de)廳、堂、場、館通(tong)(tong)向疏散(san)(san)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)和通(tong)(tong)向前(qian)廳、側廳、樓(lou)梯間的(de)(de)(de)(de)出口(kou)。出口(kou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)燈一(yi)般裝于出口(kou)門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上方(fang),門(men)(men)太高(gao)時,可(ke)裝于門(men)(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)側口(kou)。為(wei)(wei)防止火(huo)災時煙霧影響視覺,其(qi)高(gao)度以(yi)2-2.5m為(wei)(wei)宜。正(zheng)面應盡量使(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)面垂直(zhi)于疏散(san)(san)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)截面。疏散(san)(san)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao)指示標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)裝部位通(tong)(tong)常是公共建筑內的(de)(de)(de)(de)疏散(san)(san)通(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)(dao),為(wei)(wei)使(shi)人員疏散(san)(san)時,無論在(zai)從何(he)處都能找到出口(kou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi),走道(dao)(dao)(dao)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)指示標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)間距不(bu)宜大于20m。