一、制冷劑種類有哪些
制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)各種(zhong)熱(re)(re)機中(zhong)借以完(wan)成(cheng)能(neng)量轉化(hua)(hua)的媒介(jie)物(wu)質(zhi),也是(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)機中(zhong)完(wan)成(cheng)熱(re)(re)力循(xun)環的工質(zhi),機器設(she)備工作時會散發熱(re)(re)量,制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)能(neng)在低(di)溫下(xia)吸取(qu)被冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻物(wu)體的熱(re)(re)量,然后(hou)在較高溫度(du)下(xia)轉移給冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻水(shui)或空氣。制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的種(zhong)類(lei)眾多(duo),不同(tong)(tong)種(zhong)類(lei)的制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)不同(tong)(tong)的代號,一(yi)般遵循(xun)美國供(gong)暖制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)工程協會于1967年(nian)制(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)的標準,采用將制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的代號同(tong)(tong)它的種(zhong)屬(shu)和(he)(he)化(hua)(hua)學構成(cheng)聯系起來(lai)的命名方(fang)法(fa),可分(fen)為三類(lei):1、無機化(hua)(hua)合物(wu),編號方(fang)法(fa)為R7XX(XX——無機化(hua)(hua)合物(wu)的分(fen)子(zi)(zi)量),有(you)氨制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、二(er)氧化(hua)(hua)碳制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、水(shui)等(deng)。2、有(you)機化(hua)(hua)合物(wu),主要(yao)是(shi)氟(fu)利昂(ang),是(shi)甲(jia)烷(wan)和(he)(he)乙(yi)烷(wan)的衍生物(wu),用氟(fu)、氯和(he)(he)溴的原子(zi)(zi)代替原來(lai)化(hua)(hua)合物(wu)中(zhong)的全部或一(yi)部分(fen)氫(qing)原子(zi)(zi),有(you)R12、R22、R-134a等(deng)多(duo)種(zhong)。3、混合工質(zhi),即兩種(zhong)或兩種(zhong)以上的制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)按(an)一(yi)定(ding)的比例混合而成(cheng)的制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),包(bao)括共(gong)沸制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、非(fei)共(gong)沸制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、碳氫(qing)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)等(deng)多(duo)種(zhong)。
二、氟利昂制冷還是制熱
制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑種(zhong)類(lei)眾多,氟(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)昂(ang)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)其中比較常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)一種(zhong),由于(yu)氟(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)昂(ang)具有較強的(de)(de)化(hua)學穩定性、熱(re)穩定性、表面張力小、汽液兩相(xiang)變化(hua)容易(yi)、無毒、親油、價廉等,被(bei)廣(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)、發(fa)泡、溶劑、噴霧劑、電子元件的(de)(de)清(qing)洗等行業中,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)劑。氟(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)昂(ang)除了用(yong)(yong)(yong)來制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)以外(wai),也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可以制(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)的(de)(de),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)熱(re)傳遞的(de)(de)方法,其中制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)氟(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)昂(ang)在蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)器(qi)(qi)汽化(hua)吸熱(re),使蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)內能(neng)減少,溫度降低(di);制(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)在冷(leng)凝(ning)(ning)器(qi)(qi)液化(hua)放熱(re),使冷(leng)凝(ning)(ning)器(qi)(qi)內能(neng)增加(jia),溫度升(sheng)高。氟(fu)(fu)利(li)(li)昂(ang)既能(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)又能(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)熱(re),但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這要求風冷(leng)系統上有一個四通(tong)閥(fa),能(neng)讓蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)器(qi)(qi)和(he)冷(leng)凝(ning)(ning)器(qi)(qi)對調,從(cong)而使室(shi)內吸收(shou)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)室(shi)外(wai)放出(chu)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)變成室(shi)內發(fa)出(chu)熱(re)量(liang)(liang)室(shi)外(wai)吸收(shou)熱(re)量(liang)(liang),實現制(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)功(gong)能(neng)。
三、空調制冷劑怎么加
空調制冷劑是空調制冷系統中傳遞熱量的媒介,沒有它,熱量就無法進行有效的交換,空調也不能制冷或制熱,因此就需要加制冷劑,一般稱之為加氟。空調加氟的方法是:1、加氟管連接上氟瓶、修理表,拆下空調三通修理閥帽并將加氟管套上工藝口,然后排出氟管與氟表中空氣約5秒鐘后,擰緊加氟管至頂開三通閥芯。2、啟動空調壓縮機,通過氟瓶和制冷系統間的壓力差將制冷劑加入,如果制冷系統已經預先抽出空氣呈現真空狀態,應該在停機狀態下進行加氟。3、需觀察壓力表的上指示出的壓力變化,通過不間斷的充氟使得壓力表指針維持在空調標注的加氟量范圍中。4、試運行一段時間,空調運轉正常說明空調加氟成功。給空調加制冷劑注意要選擇好的制冷劑品牌,以免損(sun)壞空調的壓縮(suo)機。
四、汽車制冷劑多久換一次
一般汽(qi)車(che)空(kong)(kong)調的(de)加(jia)(jia)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)周期(qi)較(jiao)(jiao)長,普通汽(qi)車(che)空(kong)(kong)調可實(shi)現(xian)五年再加(jia)(jia)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),制冷效(xiao)果相對(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)好(hao)。如(ru)果一些(xie)品(pin)質不(bu)(bu)太好(hao)的(de)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)空(kong)(kong)調加(jia)(jia)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)周期(qi)則相對(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)短,一般兩(liang)年以(yi)內就要去(qu)專業汽(qi)車(che)維(wei)修店里(li)加(jia)(jia)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),而一些(xie)性(xing)能很好(hao)的(de)汽(qi)車(che)的(de)空(kong)(kong)調加(jia)(jia)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)周期(qi)則更長,可以(yi)實(shi)現(xian)八年再去(qu)空(kong)(kong)調加(jia)(jia)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。大家(jia)可通過(guo)觀察(cha)空(kong)(kong)調正常運轉時(shi)玻璃(li)孔(kong)(kong)內的(de)氣(qi)(qi)泡情況(kuang)來(lai)判斷(duan)自己的(de)汽(qi)車(che)是否(fou)需(xu)(xu)要加(jia)(jia)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),如(ru)果玻璃(li)孔(kong)(kong)中持續(xu)有氣(qi)(qi)泡這說(shuo)明空(kong)(kong)調的(de)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)量(liang)已經(jing)不(bu)(bu)足需(xu)(xu)要及(ji)時(shi)補充(chong),而玻璃(li)孔(kong)(kong)中沒有氣(qi)(qi)泡則需(xu)(xu)要排(pai)放一定量(liang)的(de)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),這時(shi)空(kong)(kong)調的(de)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)過(guo)量(liang)了(le),玻璃(li)孔(kong)(kong)中出現(xian)短暫氣(qi)(qi)泡這說(shuo)明此時(shi)空(kong)(kong)調的(de)氟(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)量(liang)處于(yu)正常范(fan)圍。