一、制冷劑種類有哪些
制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)是(shi)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)熱(re)機中(zhong)借以(yi)(yi)完成能(neng)量(liang)轉化的媒介物(wu)(wu)質,也是(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)機中(zhong)完成熱(re)力(li)循環的工質,機器設備(bei)工作時會散發熱(re)量(liang),制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)能(neng)在(zai)低(di)溫下吸取被冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻物(wu)(wu)體的熱(re)量(liang),然后(hou)在(zai)較高溫度下轉移給冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻水(shui)或空(kong)氣。制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)眾多,不同(tong)(tong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)的制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)有不同(tong)(tong)的代(dai)號(hao),一般遵循美國供(gong)暖制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)工程協會于(yu)1967年制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)的標準,采用(yong)將(jiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)的代(dai)號(hao)同(tong)(tong)它的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬和化學構成聯(lian)系起來(lai)的命名方(fang)法,可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)三(san)類(lei):1、無(wu)機化合(he)物(wu)(wu),編號(hao)方(fang)法為(wei)(wei)R7XX(XX——無(wu)機化合(he)物(wu)(wu)的分(fen)(fen)子量(liang)),有氨制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)、二(er)氧化碳(tan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)、水(shui)等。2、有機化合(he)物(wu)(wu),主要(yao)是(shi)氟(fu)利昂,是(shi)甲(jia)烷和乙烷的衍生物(wu)(wu),用(yong)氟(fu)、氯和溴(xiu)的原(yuan)子代(dai)替原(yuan)來(lai)化合(he)物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)的全(quan)部或一部分(fen)(fen)氫原(yuan)子,有R12、R22、R-134a等多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。3、混合(he)工質,即兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)(yi)上的制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)按一定(ding)的比例混合(he)而成的制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji),包括共(gong)沸制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)、非共(gong)沸制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)、碳(tan)氫制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)(ji)等多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
二、氟利昂制冷還是制熱
制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)種類眾多,氟(fu)利昂(ang)就是(shi)(shi)其(qi)中比較常用的(de)(de)一種,由(you)于(yu)(yu)氟(fu)利昂(ang)具有較強(qiang)的(de)(de)化學穩(wen)定性、熱(re)(re)(re)(re)穩(wen)定性、表(biao)面張力(li)小、汽液兩相變(bian)化容易、無(wu)毒、親油(you)、價(jia)廉(lian)等(deng),被(bei)廣泛應用于(yu)(yu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)、發(fa)(fa)泡、溶(rong)劑(ji)、噴霧劑(ji)、電子元件(jian)的(de)(de)清(qing)洗(xi)等(deng)行業中,是(shi)(shi)一種常用的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)。氟(fu)利昂(ang)除了用來制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)以外(wai)(wai)(wai),也是(shi)(shi)可以制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)的(de)(de),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)傳遞的(de)(de)方法,其(qi)中制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)是(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)氟(fu)利昂(ang)在(zai)蒸發(fa)(fa)器汽化吸(xi)(xi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re),使(shi)蒸發(fa)(fa)器的(de)(de)內能(neng)減少,溫(wen)度(du)降(jiang)低;制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)則是(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)在(zai)冷(leng)(leng)凝器液化放熱(re)(re)(re)(re),使(shi)冷(leng)(leng)凝器內能(neng)增加(jia),溫(wen)度(du)升高。氟(fu)利昂(ang)既(ji)能(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)又能(neng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re),但(dan)是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)要求(qiu)風冷(leng)(leng)系(xi)統上有一個四通(tong)閥,能(neng)讓蒸發(fa)(fa)器和冷(leng)(leng)凝器對調,從(cong)而使(shi)室內吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量室外(wai)(wai)(wai)放出熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量變(bian)成室內發(fa)(fa)出熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量室外(wai)(wai)(wai)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量,實現(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)功能(neng)。
三、空調制冷劑怎么加
空調制冷劑是空調制冷系統中傳遞熱量的媒介,沒有它,熱量就無法進行有效的交換,空調也不能制冷或制熱,因此就需要加制冷劑,一般稱之為加氟。空調加氟的方法是:1、加氟管連接上氟瓶、修理表,拆下空調三通修理閥帽并將加氟管套上工藝口,然后排出氟管與氟表中空氣約5秒鐘后,擰緊加氟管至頂開三通閥芯。2、啟動空調壓縮機,通過氟瓶和制冷系統間的壓力差將制冷劑加入,如果制冷系統已經預先抽出空氣呈現真空狀態,應該在停機狀態下進行加氟。3、需觀察壓力表的上指示出的壓力變化,通過不間斷的充氟使得壓力表指針維持在空調標注的加氟量范圍中。4、試運行一段時間,空調運轉正常說明空調加氟成功。給空調加制冷劑注意要選擇好的制冷劑品牌,以免損壞(huai)空調的(de)壓縮機。
四、汽車制冷劑多久換一次
一般汽車空(kong)調(diao)(diao)的(de)加(jia)(jia)氟(fu)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期較(jiao)長,普通(tong)汽車空(kong)調(diao)(diao)可實現五年再加(jia)(jia)氟(fu),制冷效果相對較(jiao)好(hao)。如果一些品(pin)質不(bu)太好(hao)的(de)汽車的(de)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)加(jia)(jia)氟(fu)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期則(ze)相對較(jiao)短,一般兩年以(yi)內就要(yao)去專業汽車維修(xiu)店里加(jia)(jia)氟(fu),而(er)一些性能很好(hao)的(de)汽車的(de)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)加(jia)(jia)氟(fu)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期則(ze)更(geng)長,可以(yi)實現八年再去空(kong)調(diao)(diao)加(jia)(jia)氟(fu)。大家可通(tong)過(guo)觀察空(kong)調(diao)(diao)正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)運(yun)轉時(shi)(shi)玻璃(li)孔內的(de)氣(qi)(qi)泡(pao)情況來(lai)判斷自己的(de)汽車是否(fou)需要(yao)加(jia)(jia)氟(fu),如果玻璃(li)孔中(zhong)持(chi)續有氣(qi)(qi)泡(pao)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)說(shuo)明空(kong)調(diao)(diao)的(de)氟(fu)量(liang)已經不(bu)足需要(yao)及時(shi)(shi)補充(chong),而(er)玻璃(li)孔中(zhong)沒(mei)有氣(qi)(qi)泡(pao)則(ze)需要(yao)排放一定(ding)量(liang)的(de)氟(fu),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)時(shi)(shi)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)的(de)氟(fu)過(guo)量(liang)了,玻璃(li)孔中(zhong)出現短暫氣(qi)(qi)泡(pao)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)說(shuo)明此時(shi)(shi)空(kong)調(diao)(diao)的(de)氟(fu)量(liang)處于正(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)范圍。