一、天平秤的原理是什么
天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)是(shi)用(yong)來稱量(liang)(liang)物(wu)體重量(liang)(liang)的衡器,它有兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)原理(li):1、機械(xie)式(shi)天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)原理(li):機械(xie)式(shi)天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)就是(shi)常說的托(tuo)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping),它的工作原理(li)主要利用(yong)的是(shi)杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)(gan)原理(li),確切來說,托(tuo)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)利用(yong)的是(shi)等臂杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)(gan)平(ping)(ping)衡原理(li),天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)的橫梁(liang)就是(shi)一個杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)(gan),在(zai)杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)(gan)的兩(liang)(liang)端各有一小(xiao)盤(pan)(pan)(pan),左端放物(wu)體、右端放砝碼,杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)(gan)中央裝有指針,兩(liang)(liang)端平(ping)(ping)衡時,兩(liang)(liang)端的質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(重量(liang)(liang))相等,根據砝碼的重量(liang)(liang)即可得(de)知物(wu)體的重量(liang)(liang)。2、電(dian)子天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)原理(li):電(dian)子天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)的原理(li)和托(tuo)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)不同,它利用(yong)的是(shi)電(dian)磁力補償(chang)平(ping)(ping)衡原理(li),實質(zhi)也(ye)是(shi)一種(zhong)杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)(gan)平(ping)(ping)衡,只是(shi)在(zai)杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)(gan)的一端采用(yong)了電(dian)磁力,當稱盤(pan)(pan)(pan)上加(jia)載稱物(wu)m2時,杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)(gan)偏離零(ling)位(wei),此時零(ling)位(wei)指示器有偏差(cha)信號產生,經過(guo)放大(da)器和調節(jie)器等一系(xi)列轉換后,使線圈的電(dian)流(liu)I增大(da),電(dian)磁力矩右也(ye)將(jiang)一起增大(da),杠(gang)(gang)桿(gan)(gan)回到原來平(ping)(ping)衡位(wei)置,即天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)的零(ling)位(wei),最后把電(dian)信號處理(li)成為數字信號,數顯(xian)在(zai)顯(xian)示屏上。
二、天平秤的作用
天(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)用來測(ce)量(liang)物(wu)體(ti)重量(liang)的衡器,它的主(zhu)要作用就是(shi)稱一些小計量(liang)物(wu)品(pin),一般用于(yu)科研機構、學校實驗室(shi)、藥店等場所,根據不同的精度可分為(wei)普通天(tian)平(ping)(ping)、精密(mi)天(tian)平(ping)(ping)和分析天(tian)平(ping)(ping);除此之外,一些計量(liang)部門、商檢(jian)(jian)部門也會(hui)用天(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)(cheng)來檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)或校準砝(fa)碼(ma),這種(zhong)稱為(wei)檢(jian)(jian)定天(tian)平(ping)(ping)。
三、天平秤怎么使用
1、機械天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)法:(1)將(jiang)托(tuo)盤天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang),游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)指向紅色0刻(ke)度線。(2)調(diao)節(jie)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)螺(luo)母(mu)(天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)兩(liang)端的(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)母(mu))調(diao)節(jie)零點直至(zhi)(zhi)指針(zhen)對準中(zhong)央刻(ke)度線直至(zhi)(zhi)天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)橫梁水平(ping)(ping)(ping)位置(zhi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)。(小(xiao)口訣:放(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)移(yi)零調(diao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng),螺(luo)母(mu)調(diao)平(ping)(ping)(ping)反指針(zhen)/走(zou)高端。)(3)左(zuo)(zuo)托(tuo)盤放(fang)(fang)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)物(wu)(wu),右(you)(you)托(tuo)盤放(fang)(fang)砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)。根(gen)據稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)性狀,放(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)玻璃(li)器(qi)皿或潔凈的(de)(de)(de)紙上,事(shi)先(xian)(xian)應在(zai)(zai)同一天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)上稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)得(de)玻璃(li)器(qi)皿或紙片的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),然(ran)后稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)待稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)。(4)砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)用(yong)(yong)鑷子(zi)夾取,千萬不能把砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)弄濕、弄臟(這樣會讓砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)生銹,砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)變大(da)(da),測量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)不準確),游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)也要(yao)用(yong)(yong)鑷子(zi)撥動。(5)添加砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)從估(gu)計稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)值加起,逐步減小(xiao)。托(tuo)盤天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)只能稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)準到0.1克。加減砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)并移(yi)動標尺上的(de)(de)(de)游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),直至(zhi)(zhi)指針(zhen)再(zai)次對準中(zhong)央刻(ke)度線。(小(xiao)口訣:先(xian)(xian)估(gu)后測,左(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)(wu)右(you)(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma),由大(da)(da)到小(xiao),后移(yi)游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma))(6)過冷過熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)不可放(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)上稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),應先(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)干燥器(qi)內放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)至(zhi)(zhi)室溫后再(zai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。(7)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)=砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)+游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)在(zai)(zai)標尺上所對的(de)(de)(de)刻(ke)度值。(M左(zuo)(zuo)=M右(you)(you)+M游(you))2、電(dian)子(zi)天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)法:(1)調(diao)平(ping)(ping)(ping):多種天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)開(kai)(kai)機前(qian),應觀察天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)后部(bu)水平(ping)(ping)(ping)儀(yi)內的(de)(de)(de)水泡(pao)是否位于(yu)圓環的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)央,否則通過天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)地腳螺(luo)栓調(diao)節(jie),左(zuo)(zuo)旋(xuan)升(sheng)高,右(you)(you)旋(xuan)下(xia)(xia)降。(2)預(yu)熱(re):天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)在(zai)(zai)初次接通電(dian)源或長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間斷電(dian)后開(kai)(kai)機時(shi)(shi),至(zhi)(zhi)少需(xu)要(yao)30分鐘的(de)(de)(de)預(yu)熱(re)時(shi)(shi)間。因(yin)此,實驗室電(dian)子(zi)天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)在(zai)(zai)通常(chang)情況下(xia)(xia),不要(yao)經常(chang)切斷電(dian)源。(3)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang):按下(xia)(xia)ON/OFF鍵,接通顯(xian)示器(qi),等待儀(yi)器(qi)自(zi)檢。當顯(xian)示器(qi)顯(xian)示零時(shi)(shi),自(zi)檢過程結(jie)(jie)束,天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)可進行稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang);放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)紙,按顯(xian)示屏兩(liang)側的(de)(de)(de)Tare鍵去皮,待顯(xian)示器(qi)顯(xian)示零時(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)紙加所要(yao)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)試劑稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)完畢,按ON/OFF鍵,關斷顯(xian)示器(qi)。
四、電子天平多少錢一臺
電子天平是新型的天平秤,是工業制造業和化學實驗室常用稱量儀器之一,具有稱量快捷、使用方便等諸多優點,它有分析天平、精密天平、普通天平等不同精度等級的產品,價格也有所不同,一般根據不同的量程、品牌、功能等方面,價格從一兩百元一臺到兩三萬元一臺不等。購買天平秤的時候,要注意根據測量需求選擇合適精度的產品,并注意看電子天平秤的做工、配件和性能等方面,選擇優質的天平秤品牌產品。