一、天平秤的原理是什么
天平(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)用來稱(cheng)量物(wu)體(ti)重量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)衡(heng)(heng)器(qi),它有兩種(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li):1、機(ji)械式(shi)天平(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li):機(ji)械式(shi)天平(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)常說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)托盤(pan)天平(ping)(ping),它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工作原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)主要利用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)杠(gang)(gang)桿原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li),確切(qie)來說(shuo),托盤(pan)天平(ping)(ping)利用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)等臂杠(gang)(gang)桿平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li),天平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)橫梁就是(shi)(shi)(shi)一個杠(gang)(gang)桿,在杠(gang)(gang)桿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩端(duan)各有一小盤(pan),左端(duan)放(fang)物(wu)體(ti)、右(you)端(duan)放(fang)砝碼,杠(gang)(gang)桿中央(yang)裝有指針,兩端(duan)平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)時(shi),兩端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(重量)相等,根據砝碼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重量即(ji)可得(de)知物(wu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重量。2、電子天平(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li):電子天平(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)和托盤(pan)天平(ping)(ping)不同(tong),它利用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電磁力(li)補償平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li),實質(zhi)也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)杠(gang)(gang)桿平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng),只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在杠(gang)(gang)桿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一端(duan)采(cai)用了(le)電磁力(li),當稱(cheng)盤(pan)上(shang)(shang)加載稱(cheng)物(wu)m2時(shi),杠(gang)(gang)桿偏(pian)離零(ling)位,此時(shi)零(ling)位指示器(qi)有偏(pian)差信(xin)號(hao)產生,經過(guo)放(fang)大器(qi)和調(diao)節(jie)器(qi)等一系列轉換后,使線圈(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電流I增(zeng)大,電磁力(li)矩右(you)也(ye)將(jiang)一起增(zeng)大,杠(gang)(gang)桿回到原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)來平(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)位置,即(ji)天平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)位,最后把電信(xin)號(hao)處理(li)(li)成為數字信(xin)號(hao),數顯在顯示屏上(shang)(shang)。
二、天平秤的作用
天平秤是用來(lai)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)物體重量(liang)(liang)的衡器,它的主要(yao)作(zuo)用就是稱(cheng)一些小計量(liang)(liang)物品(pin),一般用于科研機構、學校實驗室(shi)、藥店(dian)等場所,根據不同的精度可分為(wei)(wei)普通(tong)天平、精密天平和(he)分析天平;除此之外,一些計量(liang)(liang)部門、商檢部門也會(hui)用天平秤來(lai)檢查或(huo)校準砝碼,這種稱(cheng)為(wei)(wei)檢定天平。
三、天平秤怎么使用
1、機(ji)械天平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用方(fang)(fang)法:(1)將托(tuo)盤(pan)天平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)放(fang)置在(zai)(zai)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方(fang)(fang),游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)指向紅色0刻(ke)度線(xian)。(2)調節(jie)(jie)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)螺(luo)(luo)母(mu)(天平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)兩(liang)端的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)(luo)母(mu))調節(jie)(jie)零點(dian)直至指針(zhen)對(dui)準中(zhong)央刻(ke)度線(xian)直至天平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)橫梁(liang)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)位置平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)。(小(xiao)口訣:放(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)移零調平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng),螺(luo)(luo)母(mu)調平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)反指針(zhen)/走高端。)(3)左托(tuo)盤(pan)放(fang)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)物,右(you)(you)托(tuo)盤(pan)放(fang)砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)。根據(ju)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)狀(zhuang),放(fang)在(zai)(zai)玻璃器(qi)(qi)(qi)皿或潔凈(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紙上,事(shi)先(xian)(xian)應在(zai)(zai)同一天平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)上稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)得(de)玻璃器(qi)(qi)(qi)皿或紙片的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),然后(hou)(hou)(hou)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)待稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物質(zhi)。(4)砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)用鑷子(zi)夾取,千萬不能(neng)把砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)弄(nong)濕、弄(nong)臟(這樣會讓(rang)砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)生銹,砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)變(bian)大(da),測(ce)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)結(jie)果不準確),游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)也要(yao)(yao)用鑷子(zi)撥動。(5)添加(jia)砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)從(cong)估計稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)物的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)值加(jia)起,逐步(bu)減小(xiao)。托(tuo)盤(pan)天平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)只能(neng)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)準到(dao)(dao)0.1克(ke)。加(jia)減砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)并移動標(biao)尺(chi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma),直至指針(zhen)再(zai)(zai)次(ci)對(dui)準中(zhong)央刻(ke)度線(xian)。(小(xiao)口訣:先(xian)(xian)估后(hou)(hou)(hou)測(ce),左物右(you)(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma),由大(da)到(dao)(dao)小(xiao),后(hou)(hou)(hou)移游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma))(6)過(guo)(guo)冷過(guo)(guo)熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物體(ti)不可(ke)放(fang)在(zai)(zai)天平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)上稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),應先(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)干燥器(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)放(fang)置至室(shi)溫后(hou)(hou)(hou)再(zai)(zai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。(7)物體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)=砝(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)+游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)在(zai)(zai)標(biao)尺(chi)上所對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)刻(ke)度值。(M左=M右(you)(you)+M游(you))2、電(dian)子(zi)天平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用方(fang)(fang)法:(1)調平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping):多種天平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)開機(ji)前,應觀(guan)察天平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)后(hou)(hou)(hou)部(bu)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)儀內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)泡(pao)是否位于圓環的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)央,否則通(tong)過(guo)(guo)天平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地腳螺(luo)(luo)栓調節(jie)(jie),左旋升高,右(you)(you)旋下(xia)降。(2)預熱(re)(re):天平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)在(zai)(zai)初(chu)次(ci)接通(tong)電(dian)源或長時(shi)(shi)間斷電(dian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)開機(ji)時(shi)(shi),至少需(xu)要(yao)(yao)30分鐘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預熱(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)間。因此,實(shi)驗室(shi)電(dian)子(zi)天平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)在(zai)(zai)通(tong)常情況下(xia),不要(yao)(yao)經常切斷電(dian)源。(3)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang):按(an)下(xia)ON/OFF鍵,接通(tong)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi),等(deng)待儀器(qi)(qi)(qi)自檢。當顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)零時(shi)(shi),自檢過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)結(jie)束,天平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)可(ke)進行稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang);放(fang)置稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)紙,按(an)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)屏兩(liang)側的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)Tare鍵去皮,待顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)零時(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)紙加(jia)所要(yao)(yao)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)劑稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)完畢,按(an)ON/OFF鍵,關斷顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)(shi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。
四、電子天平多少錢一臺
電子天平是新型的天平秤,是工業制造業和化學實驗室常用稱量儀器之一,具有稱量快捷、使用方便等諸多優點,它有分析天平、精密天平、普通天平等不同精度等級的產品,價格也有所不同,一般根據不同的量程、品牌、功能等方面,價格從一兩百元一臺到兩三萬元一臺不等。購買天平秤的時候,要注意根據測量需求選擇合適精度的產品,并注意看電子天平秤的做工、配件和性能等方面,選擇優質的天平秤品牌產品。