一、天平秤的原理是什么
天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)用來(lai)稱量(liang)(liang)(liang)物體重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)衡(heng)(heng)器,它(ta)有(you)(you)兩種(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li):1、機械(xie)式天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li):機械(xie)式天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)(cheng)就是(shi)常說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)托盤天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping),它(ta)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)主要利用的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)杠(gang)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li),確切(qie)來(lai)說(shuo),托盤天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)利用的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)等(deng)臂杠(gang)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li),天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)橫梁(liang)就是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個杠(gang)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan),在(zai)杠(gang)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩端各有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)小盤,左端放物體、右(you)端放砝碼,杠(gang)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)中(zhong)央裝有(you)(you)指針,兩端平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)時,兩端的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)(liang)(重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang))相(xiang)等(deng),根據砝碼的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)即(ji)可得知物體的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。2、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)(cheng)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li):電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)和托盤天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)不同,它(ta)利用的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁力(li)補償平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li),實質也是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)杠(gang)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng),只是(shi)在(zai)杠(gang)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)端采(cai)用了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁力(li),當稱盤上(shang)加(jia)載(zai)稱物m2時,杠(gang)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)偏離零位(wei),此時零位(wei)指示(shi)器有(you)(you)偏差信號產生,經(jing)過放大(da)器和調節器等(deng)一(yi)(yi)系列轉換(huan)后,使線圈的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流I增大(da),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁力(li)矩右(you)也將一(yi)(yi)起增大(da),杠(gang)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)回到原(yuan)(yuan)來(lai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)(heng)位(wei)置,即(ji)天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)零位(wei),最(zui)后把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號處理(li)成為數(shu)字(zi)信號,數(shu)顯在(zai)顯示(shi)屏(ping)上(shang)。
二、天平秤的作用
天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)用(yong)來(lai)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)物(wu)體(ti)重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)的衡(heng)器(qi),它的主要作用(yong)就(jiu)是(shi)稱一(yi)些小計(ji)量(liang)(liang)物(wu)品,一(yi)般用(yong)于(yu)科研機(ji)構、學校(xiao)實驗室、藥店(dian)等場所,根據(ju)不同的精度(du)可分(fen)為(wei)普通(tong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)、精密天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)和分(fen)析(xi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping);除此之(zhi)外,一(yi)些計(ji)量(liang)(liang)部門、商檢部門也會(hui)用(yong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)(cheng)來(lai)檢查或校(xiao)準砝碼,這種稱為(wei)檢定天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)。
三、天平秤怎么使用
1、機械天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方(fang)法(fa):(1)將托盤天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)放(fang)置(zhi)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)地方(fang),游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)指(zhi)向紅色0刻(ke)度(du)(du)線(xian)(xian)。(2)調節(jie)(jie)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)螺(luo)母(天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)兩端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)母)調節(jie)(jie)零點直至(zhi)指(zhi)針對(dui)準中(zhong)央(yang)刻(ke)度(du)(du)線(xian)(xian)直至(zhi)天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)橫梁(liang)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)位置(zhi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)。(小(xiao)(xiao)口訣:放(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)移零調平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng),螺(luo)母調平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)反指(zhi)針/走高端(duan)。)(3)左(zuo)托盤放(fang)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)物(wu),右托盤放(fang)砝(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)。根據稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)性狀,放(fang)在(zai)(zai)玻(bo)璃器皿或(huo)潔凈(jing)的(de)(de)(de)紙(zhi)(zhi)上,事先應在(zai)(zai)同一(yi)天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)上稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)得玻(bo)璃器皿或(huo)紙(zhi)(zhi)片的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang),然后稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)待(dai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)質。(4)砝(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)用(yong)(yong)鑷子(zi)夾取,千(qian)萬(wan)不能把砝(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)弄(nong)濕、弄(nong)臟(這樣會讓砝(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)生銹,砝(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)質量(liang)(liang)變大,測量(liang)(liang)結(jie)果不準確),游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)也要用(yong)(yong)鑷子(zi)撥動。(5)添加砝(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)從估計稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)最大值(zhi)加起,逐步(bu)減(jian)小(xiao)(xiao)。托盤天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)只能稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)準到0.1克(ke)。加減(jian)砝(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)并(bing)移動標(biao)尺上的(de)(de)(de)游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma),直至(zhi)指(zhi)針再次對(dui)準中(zhong)央(yang)刻(ke)度(du)(du)線(xian)(xian)。(小(xiao)(xiao)口訣:先估后測,左(zuo)物(wu)右碼(ma)(ma)(ma),由大到小(xiao)(xiao),后移游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma))(6)過冷過熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)體(ti)不可放(fang)在(zai)(zai)天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)上稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang),應先在(zai)(zai)干燥器內放(fang)置(zhi)至(zhi)室(shi)(shi)溫后再稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。(7)物(wu)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)=砝(fa)(fa)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)(de)總質量(liang)(liang)+游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)在(zai)(zai)標(biao)尺上所對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)刻(ke)度(du)(du)值(zhi)。(M左(zuo)=M右+M游(you))2、電(dian)子(zi)天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方(fang)法(fa):(1)調平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping):多種天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)開機前(qian),應觀察天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)后部(bu)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)儀(yi)內的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)泡(pao)是否(fou)位于圓環的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)央(yang),否(fou)則通(tong)過天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)地腳螺(luo)栓(shuan)調節(jie)(jie),左(zuo)旋升高,右旋下(xia)降(jiang)。(2)預熱(re)(re):天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)在(zai)(zai)初次接通(tong)電(dian)源(yuan)或(huo)長(chang)時(shi)間斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)后開機時(shi),至(zhi)少需(xu)要30分鐘的(de)(de)(de)預熱(re)(re)時(shi)間。因此(ci),實驗室(shi)(shi)電(dian)子(zi)天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)在(zai)(zai)通(tong)常(chang)情況下(xia),不要經(jing)常(chang)切斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)源(yuan)。(3)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang):按下(xia)ON/OFF鍵(jian),接通(tong)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)器,等(deng)待(dai)儀(yi)器自檢(jian)。當顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)器顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)零時(shi),自檢(jian)過程結(jie)束,天(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)可進(jin)行稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang);放(fang)置(zhi)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)紙(zhi)(zhi),按顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)屏兩側的(de)(de)(de)Tare鍵(jian)去皮,待(dai)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)器顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)零時(shi),在(zai)(zai)稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)紙(zhi)(zhi)加所要稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)試劑稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)。稱(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)量(liang)(liang)完畢,按ON/OFF鍵(jian),關斷(duan)(duan)顯(xian)(xian)示(shi)器。
四、電子天平多少錢一臺
電子天平是新型的天平秤,是工業制造業和化學實驗室常用稱量儀器之一,具有稱量快捷、使用方便等諸多優點,它有分析天平、精密天平、普通天平等不同精度等級的產品,價格也有所不同,一般根據不同的量程、品牌、功能等方面,價格從一兩百元一臺到兩三萬元一臺不等。購買天平秤的時候,要注意根據測量需求選擇合適精度的產品,并注意看電子天平秤的做工、配件和性能等方面,選擇優質的天平秤品牌產品。