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風電變流器行業簡介

一、風電變流器原理是什么

風(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由(you)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)路系統(tong)、配電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)以及控(kong)制系統(tong)構成(cheng)，采(cai)用三相(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)型(xing)交(jiao)-直(zhi)-交(jiao)雙(shuang)向變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)技術，通過(guo)對雙(shuang)饋(kui)(kui)異(yi)步(bu)(bu)風(feng)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)轉子進行(xing)(xing)勵磁，使得雙(shuang)饋(kui)(kui)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)定子側(ce)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)幅值(zhi)、頻率(lv)和(he)相(xiang)(xiang)位與電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)，并且可根(gen)據需要(yao)進行(xing)(xing)有(you)功(gong)和(he)無功(gong)的(de)(de)獨立解(jie)耦控(kong)制，具體(ti)的(de)(de)工作原理是：在直(zhi)驅型(xing)風(feng)力(li)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)中(zhong)，全功(gong)率(lv)變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是永磁同(tong)步(bu)(bu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)之間的(de)(de)橋梁。永磁同(tong)步(bu)(bu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)出(chu)的(de)(de)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)是隨著風(feng)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)而變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)，不能直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)。變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)側(ce)對幅值(zhi)和(he)頻率(lv)變(bian)(bian)化(hua)的(de)(de)交(jiao)流進行(xing)(xing)PWM整流，整流后的(de)(de)直(zhi)流經(jing)(jing)變(bian)(bian)流器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)網(wang)側(ce)進行(xing)(xing)PWM逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)，將(jiang)直(zhi)流逆(ni)變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)幅值(zhi)和(he)頻率(lv)穩定的(de)(de)交(jiao)流，經(jing)(jing)濾(lv)波(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、升壓(ya)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)并入電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)。

二、風電變流器的作用

風電機組利用風力發電，但自然界的風是不穩定的，速度有時大有時小，這種不穩定性決定了風機的轉速是變化的，從而發出的電也是不穩定的，而并網需要50Hz恒定頻率的交流電，為解決這個問題，需要一定的頻率變化手段去配合轉速變化，實現對風電頻率的變頻并轉化為電網交流頻率，這需要利用電力電子技術中的變頻器技術。因此，風電變流器就誕生了，它的作用主要是解決在風機轉速變化的情況下，如何保證發電恒頻輸出的問題。風電變流器根據風速大小適應發電機轉速，使風機實現最佳風能捕獲。它將風機在自然風作用下發出的電壓頻率、幅值不穩定的電能轉換為頻率、幅值穩定、符合電網要求的電能后并入電網。風電變流器在風力發電機組中是很重要的，如果您需要采購風電變流器，一定要選擇一個好的風電變流器品牌。

三、風電變流器和變頻器的區別

風電變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)和(he)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)相比，硬件基本相同，主要(yao)區(qu)別(bie)在(zai)(zai)控制算法和(he)操縱目的(de)(de)(de)，變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)是電流(liu)（也有幾率(lv)對頻(pin)率(lv)進行更改(gai)(gai)），變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)是主要(yao)頻(pin)率(lv)。變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)和(he)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)之所以稱呼不同，主要(yao)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)它們伺(si)服(fu)的(de)(de)(de)對象的(de)(de)(de)特性不同。變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)伺(si)服(fu)的(de)(de)(de)對象是雙饋(kui)發(fa)電機，變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)主要(yao)是調節異步電動(dong)機。一般來說，風電變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)環境溫度范圍要(yao)比普通的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)頻(pin)器(qi)大些(xie)，可靠性也要(yao)高些(xie)，因為風力發(fa)電一般都是無人值守的(de)(de)(de)24小時運(yun)行，還要(yao)滿足大電流(liu)運(yun)行，因此(ci)要(yao)求較高。

四、風電變流器一般分為哪幾種

風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)類主要有兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)：1、雙(shuang)饋(kui)式(shi)(shi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)：雙(shuang)饋(kui)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)主要在風(feng)(feng)(feng)力發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統中配(pei)套(tao)雙(shuang)饋(kui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)使(shi)用(yong)，當風(feng)(feng)(feng)速變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化導致發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)速變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化時，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)過(guo)控制發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)轉(zhuan)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)磁來改變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)轉(zhuan)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)磁場，使(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓、頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)、幅(fu)值和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)保持(chi)一(yi)致，從而實(shi)現(xian)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)統的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)速恒頻發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。雙(shuang)饋(kui)型(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)就是為(wei)了生成(cheng)這個頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)旋轉(zhuan)磁場而提供交(jiao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。在實(shi)際運(yun)轉(zhuan)過(guo)程啟(qi)動后(hou)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能將會通(tong)過(guo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)反饋(kui)給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)（約(yue)占風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)總功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)35~40%），此類型(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)因(yin)之稱為(wei)雙(shuang)饋(kui)型(xing)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。2、全(quan)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)式(shi)(shi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)：全(quan)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)式(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)主要配(pei)套(tao)直驅/半直驅發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)及異步發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)使(shi)用(yong)，由機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和網(wang)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組成(cheng)，兩(liang)(liang)者通(tong)過(guo)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)母線(xian)連接，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)實(shi)現(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)頻調速，獲(huo)得最佳的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率(lv)(lv)(lv)，而網(wang)側(ce)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)，提供優質的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能輸(shu)出(chu)。這種(zhong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)因(yin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)全(quan)部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能都通(tong)過(guo)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)傳輸(shu)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)側(ce)，因(yin)此稱為(wei)全(quan)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)(lv)式(shi)(shi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。