瑪(ma)瑙(nao)山營(ying)盤(pan)位于遵義市(shi)鳳岡縣綏(sui)陽(yang)鎮瑪(ma)瑙(nao)村,始(shi)建于南宋(song)末年,擴(kuo)建于清咸(xian)豐(feng)年間,是中(zhong)(zhong)國南方古軍(jun)事建筑中(zhong)(zhong)的奇絕,2001年被(bei)列入(ru)貴州省重點(dian)文物保護單位。營(ying)盤(pan)遺址分地面和地下兩大部(bu)分:地面部(bu)分以金(jin)(jin)盤(pan)山中(zhong)(zhong)營(ying)為中(zhong)(zhong)心,四周(zhou)有六個營(ying)盤(pan)遙(yao)相呼應;地下部(bu)分有金(jin)(jin)盤(pan)山洞和子營(ying)秘(mi)洞。幽靜曲(qu)折的巖(yan)洞,通過“品”字(zi)形的三個洞口與營(ying)盤(pan)巧妙結合,攻守(shou)自(zi)如。整座營(ying)盤(pan)有48道石門,540余(yu)個-孔(kong),萬米石墻蜿(wan)蜒,形成了撲朔迷離的八封陣(zhen)。
驅車(che)來到瑪瑙山山腳的(de)停(ting)車(che)場(chang)(停(ting)車(che)場(chang)旁邊(bian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)個人工(gong)湖),將(jiang)車(che)停(ting)好后沿著一(yi)條小路就可(ke)直達主(zhu)(zhu)營區(qu)。穿(chuan)過(guo)一(yi)道(dao)(dao)石門(men),便來到李家(jia)(jia)營盤(pan)(pan),營內有(you)(you)(you)(you)碉(diao)樓(lou)(lou)一(yi)座,高10米,長12米,炮(pao)洞(dong)(dong)槍眼(yan)(yan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)20多處,碉(diao)樓(lou)(lou)前有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)消坑,與暗洞(dong)(dong)相連(lian)(lian),可(ke)通營外。穿(chuan)過(guo)李營后門(men),進入安(an)家(jia)(jia)營盤(pan)(pan),安(an)營分南營和北營,北營地勢較高,有(you)(you)(you)(you)堅(jian)固的(de)舊城墻(qiang)和碓窩等遺物。站在(zai)(zai)安(an)家(jia)(jia)北營俯瞰,南北一(yi)帶盡收(shou)眼(yan)(yan)底,可(ke)以(yi)想象,只要在(zai)(zai)營盤(pan)(pan)四周安(an)放幾(ji)門(men)大炮(pao),敵軍豈(qi)能靠近城墻(qiang)。南營有(you)(you)(you)(you)秘道(dao)(dao),是隱兵(bing)出(chu)入的(de)通道(dao)(dao),直接與主(zhu)(zhu)營相連(lian)(lian)。南營走主(zhu)(zhu)營有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)道(dao)(dao)石門(men),異常堅(jian)固,在(zai)(zai)萬(wan)不(bu)得已的(de)情況下(xia),先民們(men)可(ke)以(yi)先將(jiang)石門(men)堵死,再從秘道(dao)(dao)逃(tao)離。穿(chuan)過(guo)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)道(dao)(dao)石門(men),往西而下(xia),出(chu)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)面前的(de)又是一(yi)座石門(men),這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)道(dao)(dao)石門(men)也(ye)十分堅(jian)實,門(men)楣上有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩礅重約10噸的(de)石頭,在(zai)(zai)當時還沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)械設(she)備的(de)情況下(xia),真不(bu)知先民們(men)是如(ru)何將(jiang)這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)么(me)重的(de)石頭搬上去的(de)。過(guo)了這(zhe)(zhe)(zhe)道(dao)(dao)石門(men),便到了錢家(jia)(jia)營盤(pan)(pan)。
錢營(ying)(ying)建設(she)規模宏大,中營(ying)(ying)位于金(jin)盤(pan)山頂,兩側分別(bie)有(you)兩座(zuo)(zuo)營(ying)(ying)盤(pan)保(bao)護,一座(zuo)(zuo)為子營(ying)(ying)山營(ying)(ying),一座(zuo)(zuo)為蜂桶巖營(ying)(ying)。錢家營(ying)(ying)盤(pan)有(you)保(bao)存完好、做工考究的(de)(de)(de)圍墻一道,宏大的(de)(de)(de)城門數處,秘道槍眼(yan)無數。這里有(you)南(nan)宋時期農(nong)民起(qi)義軍頭領任正隆的(de)(de)(de)逃生洞(dong),有(you)清朝咸豐年間、南(nan)巡統帶錢青云的(de)(de)(de)武器(qi)庫(ku)、糧倉、指揮臺、水池、碉樓等(deng)。其間,明門暗道里外相通,碉樓炮臺高(gao)低相望,要是沒(mei)人(ren)帶路的(de)(de)(de)話,你會迷(mi)失(shi)方向的(de)(de)(de)。
到(dao)得(de)金盤(pan)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)(kou),看(kan)見一座將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)墳,這是(shi)無名(ming)炮師的(de)(de)墳墓(mu),據說他曾經為錢(qian)(qian)青(qing)云鑄(zhu)造過將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)炮,其(qi)炮可裝火藥一斗二升,威力無比。后(hou)來無名(ming)炮師被錢(qian)(qian)清云殺(sha)害,埋于洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)(kou)鎮邪。通(tong)過洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)口(kou)(kou)彎著腰(yao)來到(dao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)中央,天(tian)然溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)景(jing)致不由(you)得(de)讓人(ren)發出感嘆(tan)。據說這個溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)在以(yi)前(qian)被任(ren)正隆、錢(qian)(qian)青(qing)云先后(hou)用作(zuo)聚義廳,可容納1000余(yu)人(ren),洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內有(you)100多根形態各異的(de)(de)鐘乳石垂(chui)懸,仿佛是(shi)100多位將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)在此(ci)召開軍(jun)事會議。在“聚義廳”通(tong)后(hou)宮(gong)秘(mi)(mi)(mi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)路上,我們可以(yi)看(kan)見一縷(lv)陽光從(cong)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)外照(zhao)射下(xia)來,這正是(shi)連接(jie)主營盤(pan)的(de)(de)“逃生(sheng)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”。通(tong)過后(hou)宮(gong)秘(mi)(mi)(mi)道進入后(hou)宮(gong)秘(mi)(mi)(mi)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)后(hou),可以(yi)看(kan)見“九龍(long)壁”、“妃子觀瀑”、“神象(xiang)戲龜(gui)”、“銀河落九天(tian)”等景(jing)點,這些(xie)景(jing)點全由(you)鐘乳石構成,形象(xiang)逼(bi)真,耐人(ren)尋味。
從后洞出來往(wang)西南方向,沿石階而上,便到(dao)了子(zi)營(ying)洞。該洞長約20公里,最窄處(chu)大(da)胖子(zi)過不去(qu),最矮處(chu)要蹲(dun)著身(shen)子(zi)彎著腰才能過去(qu),最寬處(chu)可(ke)以安放幾張方桌,一汪清水變幻著各種色彩,尤為美觀。這條秘道與山外(wai)的村落相通,一旦有(you)戰(zhan)爭,山外(wai)的村民便可(ke)通過這條秘道進入瑪瑙山營(ying)盤。象這樣的秘洞瑪瑙山還有(you)。
穿過(guo)營盤正大(da)門,走過(guo)幾十米(mi)的“官道”,我們可以(yi)看到(dao)一(yi)個墓群(qun),錢清(qing)云(yun)的墓就在這里。附(fu)近是(shi)一(yi)片肥沃(wo)的良田,一(yi)條小溪靜(jing)靜(jing)流(liu)淌(tang)著,稍(shao)遠處是(shi)一(yi)座村落,青(qing)瓦(wa)木房,炊煙裊裊,一(yi)派安靜(jing)祥和的景(jing)象(xiang)……