景點介紹
獨(du)山村(cun)(cun)是遂昌古代聞名的村(cun)(cun)寨。南(nan)宋孝宗(zong)年間,尚書左丞(cheng)相葉(xie)夢得曾孫葉(xie)岳巒(luan)自(zi)松陽縣遷居獨(du)山,始成村(cun)(cun)落。
村前天馬山,背(bei)靠烏溪江,林木茂盛,有(you)小(xiao)赤壁、棲(qi)靈巖、棋盤石(shi)、遺愛亭(ting)等(deng)景點,南北(bei)兩端有(you)寨墻(qiang)拱(gong)衛,古道由寨門出入,地(di)形險要(yao)。
獨(du)山村至今(jin)仍(reng)保(bao)留著古樸(pu)的(de)(de)風貌,村中有(you)清康熙(xi)年(nian)間(jian)重(zhong)修的(de)(de)葉氏(shi)宗祠、葆(bao)守祠,明(ming)正統和(he)隆(long)(long)慶年(nian)間(jian)的(de)(de)古井(jing),明(ming)隆(long)(long)慶年(nian)間(jian)的(de)(de)隆(long)(long)慶石牌坊、明(ming)嘉靖年(nian)間(jian)建立(li)的(de)(de)寨墻等古代建筑(zhu)。從葉氏(shi)宗祠到牌坊一條200米(mi)長的(de)(de)街道,完整的(de)(de)保(bao)留了(le)明(ming)代建筑(zhu)的(de)(de)風貌和(he)格(ge)局,享有(you)“明(ming)代一條街”之(zhi)譽。
歷史古跡
葉氏大(da)(da)宗祠,始(shi)建(jian)于元末明初(chu)。三(san)進(jin)三(san)開間,硬山(shan)頂,封火山(shan)墻,板瓦陰陽合鋪。抬梁穿(chuan)斗混合結構,中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)正方橫斷面大(da)(da)石(shi)柱八根。臺基(ji)大(da)(da)部三(san)合土襯,小部分磚墁地(di)(di),四周(zhou)砌階(jie)條石(shi)。祠內進(jin)明間、進(jin)次(ci)間上部雕刻(ke)頗(po)具藝術性。石(shi)庫大(da)(da)門(men),磚筑(zhu)門(men)墻,歇山(shan)造頂,魚(yu)吻(wen)頂脊,翼(yi)角起翹,二(er)疊(die)澀菱(ling)角出(chu)跳。大(da)(da)門(men)兩(liang)旁另(ling)有(you)左右邊門(men)。大(da)(da)門(men)外(wai)(wai)面平(ping)臺左右蹲列一對(dui)剔地(di)(di)起突(tu)石(shi)獅子,是別(bie)具風格(ge)的明代石(shi)雕。宗祠二(er)進(jin)為報(bao)本(ben)堂。此外(wai)(wai),有(you)一對(dui)清光緒十六年(nian)(1890年(nian))冬立(li)的大(da)(da)青石(shi)旗桿墩(dun)。自門(men)外(wai)(wai)大(da)(da)平(ping)臺正中(zhong)(zhong)踏垛而下,正前十來(lai)米處筑(zhu)有(you)格(ge)窗(chuang)照墻。大(da)(da)宗祠下堂的戲房墻上,迄今留存有(you)30年(nian)代粟裕(yu)、劉(liu)英(ying)率領中(zhong)(zhong)國工農紅軍挺進(jin)師在(zai)這一帶創建(jian)浙西游(you)擊根據(ju)地(di)(di)時(shi)書(shu)寫(xie)的標(biao)語:“群眾武裝起來(lai),趕走(zou)敵人(ren)!”
葆(bao)(bao)守祠(ci),在葉氏大宗祠(ci)左(zuo)側,始建于元末(mo)明初。原為(wei)三進,第一進已倒塌,現存兩(liang)進。1984年春,村(cun)人集資大修大宗祠(ci)與(yu)葆(bao)(bao)守祠(ci)。獨山(shan)村(cun)的村(cun)俱樂部和鄉文化中心(xin)設于此祠(ci)內。
獨山村的(de)村中街(jie)路(lu)貫穿(chuan)于大宗祠、葆守(shou)祠與照墻間。如今居民(min)仍保持一派古(gu)色古(gu)香的(de)氣氛,有(you)“明(ming)代(dai)一條街(jie)”之稱。
寨(zhai)門(men)、寨(zhai)墻(qiang)(qiang),分(fen)南北(bei)兩(liang)處,用大石(shi)(shi)壘(lei)砌(qi)而成。北(bei)寨(zhai)墻(qiang)(qiang)與天(tian)(tian)馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、石(shi)(shi)梯峰(feng)、筆峰(feng)、諸山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)緊密連接(jie),形(xing)成天(tian)(tian)然與人(ren)工(gong)相結合的堅(jian)固屏(ping)障。南墻(qiang)(qiang)寨(zhai)門(men),前(qian)半部屬(shu)石(shi)(shi)券門(men),后半部為(wei)(wei)木質層樓。有(you)(you)楹聯一對曰(yue)“德義相先,庶可廣一方之化(hua);里仁為(wei)(wei)美,還可教(jiao)萬(wan)姓之歡”。北(bei)寨(zhai)墻(qiang)(qiang)自(zi)天(tian)(tian)馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)壁(bi)處起(qi),平坡向南至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)麓。據考(kao)(kao)證,為(wei)(wei)明(ming)(ming)(ming)嘉(jia)靖二(er)十(shi)年(nian)(1541年(nian))葉憲(xian)出(chu)資營造。至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)已(yi)有(you)(you)452年(nian)歷(li)史。明(ming)(ming)(ming)代古(gu)(gu)井(jing)(jing)(jing)群,傳(chuan)說獨山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)村有(you)(you)古(gu)(gu)井(jing)(jing)(jing)七口(kou),今(jin)存三口(kou)。其中(zhong)(zhong),一口(kou)坐落(luo)天(tian)(tian)馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東麓,公路西側(ce)。井(jing)(jing)(jing)圈花崗巖質,外(wai)形(xing)有(you)(you)6面(mian)(mian),面(mian)(mian)闊37厘(li)米(mi)(mi),圈高(gao)46厘(li)米(mi)(mi),圈面(mian)(mian)刻(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)“正統九年(nian)甲子孟春朱(zhu)(zhu)叔明(ming)(ming)(ming)志”。其中(zhong)(zhong)“朱(zhu)(zhu)叔明(ming)(ming)(ming)志”為(wei)(wei)小字(zi)(zi)(zi)集中(zhong)(zhong)刻(ke)(ke)于一面(mian)(mian),有(you)(you)一面(mian)(mian)空白無字(zi)(zi)(zi),其余四面(mian)(mian)各(ge)刻(ke)(ke)二(er)字(zi)(zi)(zi),字(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)頗(po)大。井(jing)(jing)(jing)自(zi)明(ming)(ming)(ming)正統九年(nian)(1444年(nian))始建至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)已(yi)歷(li)543年(nian)。一口(kou)坐落(luo)獨山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)村街(jie)道東側(ce),葉氏房后空地中(zhong)(zhong)。井(jing)(jing)(jing)圈花崗石(shi)(shi)質,內外(wai)俱呈圓(yuan)形(xing),內圓(yuan)直(zhi)徑43厘(li)米(mi)(mi),井(jing)(jing)(jing)圈高(gao)47厘(li)米(mi)(mi)。圈表面(mian)(mian)自(zi)右(you)至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)左鐫刻(ke)(ke)“孤松(song)清泉”四字(zi)(zi)(zi),另刻(ke)(ke)楷書小字(zi)(zi)(zi)“隆(long)慶(qing)元年(nian)冬立”。經(jing)考(kao)(kao)證,此井(jing)(jing)(jing)所(suo)在乃是明(ming)(ming)(ming)隆(long)慶(qing)年(nian)間(1567年(nian)~1572年(nian))工(gong)部員外(wai)郎葉以蕃家(jia)族房地,被認為(wei)(wei)葉氏所(suo)建。自(zi)始建至(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)今(jin)已(yi)歷(li)425年(nian)。井(jing)(jing)(jing)水(shui)充盈不涸,數百年(nian)來,一直(zhi)供人(ren)汲飲。一口(kou)位(wei)于天(tian)(tian)馬(ma)(ma)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺道旁。經(jing)考(kao)(kao)證為(wei)(wei)明(ming)(ming)(ming)代葉氏所(suo)筑。
“洊膺天(tian)寵(chong)(chong)”石牌坊(fang),建于(yu)明隆(long)慶三年(1569年)三月,坐(zuo)落獨山村東南(nan)隅(yu),傍(bang)小川(chuan),臨山麓,坐(zuo)東朝西,距南(nan)寨門約100米。牌坊(fang)用(yong)花崗石以(yi)空(kong)雕、浮雕結合藝術構筑,三間(jian)、四柱、五樓(lou),翼角起翹,脊頂雙(shuang)角生(sheng)起,飾吻獸,歇山造。最高樓(lou)豎(shu)“榮恩”額,次(ci)(ci)兩(liang)樓(lou)置云(yun)圖額。明、次(ci)(ci)間(jian)上(shang)、中、下疊三枋(fang)(fang)。明間(jian)上(shang)坊(fang)作雙(shuang)龍搶珠(zhu)浮雕,次(ci)(ci)間(jian)大額枋(fang)(fang)為主題額枋(fang)(fang),遂昌(chang)知縣池浴德題“洊膺天(tian)寵(chong)(chong)”楷書四大字。小額枋(fang)(fang)署“封工部營繕同、員外(wai)郎事主事葉弘淵,由(you)子(zi)以(yi)藩貴立(li)。”即(ji)因葉以(yi)蕃生(sheng)前貴為朝庭郎官,其(qi)父依然(ran)享有子(zi)貴之(zhi)誥(gao)封,建坊(fang)以(yi)示再次(ci)(ci)受天(tian)子(zi)寵(chong)(chong)任(ren)之(zhi)意。下枋(fang)(fang)為剔(ti)空(kong)石雕雙(shuang)獅搶球圖、瑞獸、卷云(yun)等(deng)。四柱下部均(jun)有抱鼓石前擁后扶,剔(ti)空(kong)雕刻,技藝精湛。始建至今,歷時424年。
在“明代一條街”還(huan)有(you)(you)小憩園、育智堂等(deng),古樸(pu)幽(you)雅。距(ju)遂昌(chang)縣(xian)城約(yue)50公(gong)里,村外(wai)有(you)(you)烏(wu)溪江(jiang),天(tian)馬山孤(gu)峙村西,筆峰、石梯峰壁(bi)立村東,并有(you)(you)寨墻(qiang)拱衛南北兩端,地(di)形險要,是浙南山區較典型的古代村寨。約(yue)在在南宋孝宗(zong)(zong)年間,松陽(yang)人尚書左丞(cheng)相葉(xie)夢得之曾(ceng)孫(sun)葉(xie)巒自古市的卯山移居于此,始(shi)形成村落。明嘉靖(jing)間,葉(xie)以蕃殿試得中(zhong)二甲第十九名,官工(gong)部員外(wai)郎,一時(shi)文風卓盛(sheng)、文士輩出,立宗(zong)(zong)祠(ci)(ci),建(jian)寨墻(qiang),村容大壯。獨山村不僅(jin)保持了古代村寨的傳統風貌,還(huan)存有(you)(you)許多文物(wu)古跡,第二次(ci)國內革命(ming)戰爭時(shi)期和(he)抗戰時(shi)期,不少紅軍、游擊隊的標(biao)語還(huan)保留在葉(xie)氏宗(zong)(zong)祠(ci)(ci)的粉壁(bi)上。
約(yue)南宋(song)孝宗時(公元1163年-1190年),尚書左丞相葉夢得曾孫葉巒,自松陽古市卯山遷居(ju)獨山,始成村落(luo)。元明間(jian),朱葉、周邵諸族共居(ju)之(zhi)。
明(ming)嘉靖間,葉以蕃殿試中(zhong)二甲(jia)十九名進士,官(guan)工部營(ying)繕司員外(wai)郎。一時文風(feng)卓(zhuo)盛,名士輩出,勝跡日(ri)辟,村容大壯。