發展由來
綜述
5000年以前的(de)(de)上古時期(qi)，有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)支姓姜(jiang)的(de)(de)部(bu)落生活在這里的(de)(de)姜(jiang)水(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)。部(bu)落首領(ling)－－直至今天(tian)，在世(shi)界上好多(duo)的(de)(de)地方(fang)，中東、非洲、南美洲的(de)(de)雨林里，都還有(you)(you)不少這樣(yang)的(de)(de)大人物，喚(huan)作“酋長(chang)”－－叫神(shen)(shen)農，身號炎帝(di)。炎帝(di)與(yu)其后續世(shi)系生活在姬水(shui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶(dai)的(de)(de)鄰居黃(huang)帝(di)，共為(wei)而今的(de)(de)洋(yang)洋(yang)大族中華民族的(de)(de)始祖。寶(bao)雞也(ye)因(yin)是(shi)(shi)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)代炎帝(di)的(de)(de)源生地，號稱“炎帝(di)故里”，當然，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)名副其實。史(shi)書載：（神(shen)(shen)農）母任姒游常(chang)羊(yang)，感生帝(di)……，在寶(bao)雞市南郊的(de)(de)常(chang)羊(yang)山上就有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座炎帝(di)陵，相(xiang)傳炎帝(di)死(si)后葬(zang)于此地。此外，市區(qu)中心地帶(dai)還有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座炎帝(di)祠。
寶(bao)雞為(wei)姜炎(yan)文(wen)化的(de)(de)發祥地之(zhi)一(yi)，是中國文(wen)化、中華(hua)文(wen)明、中華(hua)民族的(de)(de)重要的(de)(de)起源(yuan)地之(zhi)一(yi)。 在距(ju)今(jin)約5000年前，寶(bao)雞渭水流域的(de)(de)姜水，生息著(zhu)一(yi)個(ge)古老的(de)(de)氏族部落(luo)——姜炎(yan)族，誕生了一(yi)位偉大的(de)(de)人(ren)物(wu)，中華(hua)民族的(de)(de)人(ren)文(wen)始(shi)祖——炎(yan)帝。
《國(guo)語·晉語》載“炎帝以(yi)(yi)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)成”，我們可(ke)以(yi)(yi)理解為(wei)(wei)炎帝族最早(zao)活動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方在(zai)(zai)(zai)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)。古(gu)(gu)之(zhi)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)，據《水(shui)(shui)經·渭(wei)水(shui)(shui)注》所(suo)載是在(zai)(zai)(zai)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)南，即今(jin)(jin)(jin)岐山(shan)縣周原一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)，但不知道確定(ding)地(di)點。不過，據《大明一(yi)(yi)統志(zhi)》：鳳翔府寶(bao)雞縣南七里(li)有姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)，城(cheng)(cheng)南也(ye)有姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)，此姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)今(jin)(jin)(jin)名(ming)(ming)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)城(cheng)(cheng)堡，往南即益門堡，堡西有一(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)名(ming)(ming)今(jin)(jin)(jin)仍名(ming)(ming)清(qing)(qing)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河(he)。古(gu)(gu)代傳說，本來難得考實(shi)。以(yi)(yi)上(shang)兩說孰(shu)是孰(shu)非，不必過于拘泥(ni)。但總是在(zai)(zai)(zai)鳳翔府地(di)，即今(jin)(jin)(jin)寶(bao)雞市區之(zhi)內。姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)城(cheng)(cheng)堡為(wei)(wei)新石器遺址，1958年被列為(wei)(wei)陜西省重點文物保護單(dan)位。實(shi)際(ji)上(shang)，姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)炎族在(zai)(zai)(zai)寶(bao)雞的(de)(de)(de)最早(zao)故(gu)居是在(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)清(qing)(qing)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河(he)流域。為(wei)(wei)了(le)生存和(he)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，一(yi)(yi)部分遷居今(jin)(jin)(jin)岐山(shan)、扶風(feng)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai)(dai)，所(suo)以(yi)(yi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)也(ye)出現(xian)了(le)帶(dai)(dai)“姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)”的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)名(ming)(ming)和(he)城(cheng)(cheng)名(ming)(ming)，即“姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)”和(he)“姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)”。有研(yan)究(jiu)者考證認為(wei)(wei)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)(jin)寶(bao)雞市區渭(wei)河(he)和(he)清(qing)(qing)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河(he)的(de)(de)(de)交匯地(di)帶(dai)(dai)，曾發(fa)(fa)現(xian)過多件劉家(jia)文化（姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)炎文化）的(de)(de)(de)典型器物——高領袋足鬲。據測定(ding)，這(zhe)(zhe)比在(zai)(zai)(zai)岐山(shan)、扶風(feng)境內發(fa)(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)類器物要早(zao)。這(zhe)(zhe)說明岐山(shan)、扶風(feng)境內出現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)劉家(jia)文化是寶(bao)雞市區姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)炎族向東(dong)遷徙、推進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)果。
正因為炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)誕生于(yu)今(jin)寶(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)，所以(yi)，歷史傳(chuan)說，早(zao)在(zai)(zai)黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)時(shi)代，寶(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)就開始(shi)了(le)(le)對炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)。《路史·后記》記載:“黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)所崇(chong)(chong)炎(yan)(yan)之(zhi)祠(ci)于(yu)陳”。羅萍(ping)注說：“黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)所崇(chong)(chong)疑在(zai)(zai)陳倉”。《史記·封禪書》記載：“秦(qin)靈公作(zuo)吳(wu)陽上畤(zhi)，祭(ji)(ji)黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)；作(zuo)下畤(zhi)，祭(ji)(ji)炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)。”“吳(wu)陽”是指今(jin)寶(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)市區(qu)(qu)(qu)北的(de)(de)吳(wu)山（今(jin)陳倉區(qu)(qu)(qu)境(jing)內）之(zhi)東(dong)南面，即今(jin)鳳翔的(de)(de)“三畤(zhi)原”。秦(qin)國開創(chuang)了(le)(le)以(yi)朝(chao)廷名義祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)、黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)先例。迄今(jin)為止，這(zhe)是我們所能看到(dao)的(de)(de)最早(zao)的(de)(de)有關(guan)這(zhe)方面內容的(de)(de)文獻記錄。自(zi)此以(yi)后，寶(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)相沿成(cheng)習、經久不衰。西漢(han)(han)時(shi)期，漢(han)(han)高祖劉邦自(zi)稱(cheng)“赤（炎(yan)(yan)）帝(di)(di)(di)之(zhi)子”，設(she)“畤(zhi)”祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)及黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)、青帝(di)(di)(di)、白(bai)帝(di)(di)(di)、黑帝(di)(di)(di)。這(zhe)種祭(ji)(ji)俗一直延至漢(han)(han)武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)。漢(han)(han)武(wu)帝(di)(di)(di)在(zai)(zai)位期間,曾(ceng)多次(ci)到(dao)“雍”地設(she)“畤(zhi)”祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)“五帝(di)(di)(di)”。隋唐以(yi)降，寶(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)地區(qu)(qu)(qu)開始(shi)設(she)廟宇祭(ji)(ji)祀(si)(si)(si)炎(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)和黃(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)。
隨著炎(yan)帝部落不斷(duan)(duan)繁衍壯(zhuang)大(da)，炎(yan)帝部落沿渭河不斷(duan)(duan)向東南(nan)方向遷徙(xi)。炎(yan)帝及其(qi)后續世系政權(quan)又(you)分為兩大(da)支脈，一為炎(yan)帝魁隗(wei)氏(shi)政權(quan)，一為炎(yan)帝神(shen)農氏(shi)政權(quan)。
魁隗氏
炎帝(di)魁隗(wei)氏(shi)發祥(xiang)于(yu)秦嶺常羊(yang)山，興盛(sheng)于(yu)赤(chi)水(shui)（今(jin)貴州赤(chi)水(shui)市），建帝(di)都(dou)于(yu)陳倉（今(jin)陜(shan)西寶雞市），傳七帝(di)而失政(zheng)，被炎帝(di)神農(nong)氏(shi)取(qu)而代之。
炎(yan)帝(di)(di)魁隗氏政權起(qi)于公元(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)5008年(nian)，訖于公元(yuan)(yuan)前(qian)4766年(nian)，歷六(liu)任帝(di)(di)，傳國虛記二百四十三年(nian)。這六(liu)任帝(di)(di)是：
1、 魁隗，在位執政虛(xu)記(ji)五(wu)十八(ba)年（公元前(qian)5008——前(qian)4951年）。
2、 炎居，在位執政虛記(ji)三十(shi)四年(nian)（公元前(qian)4951——前(qian)4918年(nian)）。
3、 節并，在位(wei)執政虛(xu)記四十三年(nian)（公元前4918——前4876年(nian)）。
4、 戲器，在位執政虛記五十年（公元前(qian)4876——前(qian)4827年）。
5、 祝(zhu)融，在位(wei)執政虛(xu)記四十七年(nian)（公元前4827——前4781年(nian)）。
6、 共工，在位執政(zheng)虛記十六年（公元前4781——前4766年）。
神農氏
部族(zu)首領稱炎帝(di)，名(ming)石年，姜(jiang)(jiang)姓，羊(yang)圖騰。號(hao)神(shen)農(nong)氏，為神(shen)農(nong)氏族(zu)，始(shi)生地在姜(jiang)(jiang)水（今(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)省寶雞市(shi)境內），傳說在位(wei)140年（約(yue)公元前(qian)3216～前(qian)3077年），一說在位(wei)120年，卒葬于(yu)湖南省株洲市(shi)炎陵縣鹿原(yuan)陂（又名(ming)炎陵山、皇山）。是農(nong)業和醫藥的發明者。其著名(ming)后裔有(you)蚩尤氏、烈（厲）山氏、共(gong)工氏、四岳(yue)氏等。
炎(yan)帝神(shen)農氏(shi)政(zheng)權(quan)共傳八任帝，傳國虛記(ji)二(er)百五十四年（前4766—前4513）。
首任(ren)帝、神農，在位(wei)執(zhi)政虛(xu)記三十四年(nian)（公(gong)元前4766——前4733年(nian)）。
二任(ren)帝、臨魁，在位執(zhi)政虛記四十二年(nian)（公元前4733——前4692年(nian)）。
三(san)任帝、姜承(cheng)，在(zai)位執政(zheng)虛記三(san)十八年(nian)（公元前4692——前4655年(nian)）。
四(si)任帝、姜明，在位執政虛記二(er)十八年（公(gong)元前(qian)4655——前(qian)4628年）。
五任帝(di)、姜(jiang)宜，在位執政虛記(ji)四十七年(nian)（公元前4628——前4582年(nian)）。
六任帝、姜來，在位執(zhi)政虛記二十(shi)年(nian)（公元前4582——前4563年(nian)）。
七任帝、姜克，在(zai)位執政虛記(ji)二十五年（公元前(qian)4563——前(qian)4539年）。
八任(ren)帝、榆罔，在位執政虛記二十七年（公元前4539——前4513年）。
蚩尤氏
炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)（一曰先仕(shi)于炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)），出自羊水，仕(shi)于黃(huang)帝(di)(di)。為主金(jin)之(zhi)(zhi)官，默(mo)觀神(shen)農世衰，潛(qian)鑄金(jin)類，以為利(li)器(qi)，舉兵(bing)逐榆罔（炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)裔），自號炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)。后(hou)作(zuo)兵(bing)伐黃(huang)帝(di)(di)，并曾請風伯雨師助戰，終(zhong)為黃(huang)帝(di)(di)擊(ji)敗于涿鹿之(zhi)(zhi)野，被殺。他(ta)(ta)是戰神(shen)和(he)兵(bing)器(qi)之(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)，而兵(bing)器(qi)的發明乃(nai)源自農具和(he)其他(ta)(ta)生產工具。
共工氏
亦名共攻(gong)氏，炎帝后裔。性格(ge)暴(bao)戾，易于為(wei)非。相傳因與顓(zhuan)頊爭強(qiang)為(wei)帝，曾與東夷族大戰，不勝，而(er)怒觸(chu)不周之(zhi)山，致使天傾地陷，造成(cheng)人間大災難。
烈山氏
又(you)叫厲(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)氏(shi)，其(qi)首領(ling)為(wei)烈山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)或(huo)柱(zhu)。《國(guo)語·魯(lu)語上》云：“昔烈山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)氏(shi)之有(you)(you)天(tian)下(xia)也(ye)，其(qi)子曰(yue)柱(zhu)，能植百(bai)谷百(bai)蔬。”《左傳·昭(zhao)公二十(shi)九年》載(zai)：“有(you)(you)烈山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)氏(shi)之子曰(yue)柱(zhu)，為(wei)稷(ji)”。《禮(li)記·祭法》則(ze)稱：“厲(li)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)氏(shi)之有(you)(you)天(tian)下(xia)也(ye)，其(qi)子曰(yue)農(nong)，能植百(bai)谷。”一(yi)般(ban)認為(wei)烈山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)氏(shi)為(wei)炎帝后裔，仍為(wei)農(nong)神(shen)、谷神(shen)。烈山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，本(ben)是(shi)燒山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)墾田之意。
四岳氏
首領(ling)為伯夷，姜姓，傳為共工之(zhi)從(cong)孫(sun)，曾助禹平治水土。后(hou)(hou)繁衍(yan)出(chu)齊(qi)、呂、申(shen)、許(xu)四支后(hou)(hou)裔。
第二(er)世，臨魁，炎帝(di)長(chang)子，在位80年（公元(yuan)前3076～前2997年）。
第三(san)世，帝承，在位(wei)60年（公元前2996～前2937年）。
第四世，帝(di)明，在(zai)位(wei)49年（公元前(qian)2936一前(qian)2888年）。
第五世，帝直，在位45年（公元前2887一前2843年）。
第六世，帝來（厘），在位48年（公(gong)元前(qian)2842～前(qian)2795年）。
第七世，帝裹(guo)（哀），在位42年（公元前(qian)2794一前(qian)2753年）。
第八世，榆罔，名克，居長（zhǎng），在位(wei)55年(nian)；因德不及其弟軒轅，故讓(rang)位(wei)。軒轅即黃(huang)帝，姓有熊氏。
第九世，名器，榆罔子。
第(di)十世，名(ming)祝融，器之子(zi)；卒葬衡山（在今湖南）。
第十(shi)一世，名術囂，祝融子。
第十二(er)世(shi)，名(ming)勾龍，術囂子。
第(di)十(shi)三世，名垂，勾龍子(zi)。
第十(shi)四世，名共工。
第(di)十五(wu)世，名(ming)伯夷，著(zhu)名(ming)賢人，佐(zuo)堯帝(di)掌(zhang)四岳(yue)，佐(zuo)大禹治水(shui)，因功(gong)受封于呂(lv)，為(wei)呂(lv)侯，是呂(lv)氏得姓之(zhi)始。姜太公呂(lv)尚(shang)，即其后。
后世紀念
炎帝故里
主詞(ci)條：炎帝故里
因為炎帝神(shen)農（Yandi；Yan Emperor）并(bing)不單是(shi)一(yi)(yi)個，而是(shi)對這一(yi)(yi)時期炎帝世系多(duo)個早期華(hua)夏族杰出部(bu)落(luo)首領的統(tong)稱(cheng)，這些人可能(neng)距今(jin)6000年至5500年之(zhi)間活(huo)動于姜水之(zhi)岸（今(jin)陜(shan)西(xi)省寶(bao)雞市境內），其后部(bu)落(luo)發展擴大(da)，遷徙(xi)并(bing)活(huo)躍于湖(hu)北、湖(hu)南、山西(xi)等(deng)地，均是(shi)炎帝故里。
炎帝陵
主詞條：炎帝陵
炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)又號稱神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)，神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)族(zu)部落(luo)初(chu)始(shi)活躍地(di)應在在姜水，后(hou)以姜水為(wei)活動中(zhong)(zhong)心，向周邊地(di)區擴展(zhan)，因(yin)此在天臺山(shan)、常羊山(shan)、蒙峪(yu)溝(gou)、九龍泉、清姜河(he)、炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)陵、炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)祠多個地(di)方構成了一(yi)條完整的炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)神(shen)農(nong)氏(shi)(shi)從出生、死(si)后(hou)安(an)葬的炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)文化鏈(lian)條。《國語》中(zhong)(zhong)記載，大約(yue)在5000年前西秦大地(di)上(shang)活動著一(yi)支母系氏(shi)(shi)族(zu)部落(luo)--有(you)蚶氏(shi)(shi)，傳說后(hou)產生雙胞族(zu)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)和黃(huang)帝(di)，黃(huang)帝(di)部落(luo)最初(chu)生活在渭河(he)下游，后(hou)遷移(yi)至(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)原地(di)區。炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)部落(luo)生活在寶雞(ji)(ji)一(yi)帶，以經(jing)營農(nong)業著名。在寶雞(ji)(ji)已(yi)發(fa)現關(guan)桃園遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（8000年前）、北首(shou)嶺遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（7100年前）、姜城堡遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等古文化遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)40多處。眾(zhong)多的古文化遺(yi)(yi)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，反映了炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)部落(luo)繁衍生息，發(fa)展(zhan)狀(zhuang)大的過程(cheng)。
炎帝部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)以寶雞為(wei)中心，沿渭河向(xiang)四周擴展，向(xiang)西(xi)發展到(dao)中原大地，此處(chu)土(tu)地平坦肥沃，氣候濕潤，原始農業(ye)得到(dao)長(chang)遠的(de)發展。部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)開(kai)始定(ding)居(ju)，開(kai)始建都(dou)陳，再遷往魯。建都(dou)曲阜，后(hou)(hou)來炎帝部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)與南方的(de)蚩尤發生戰(zhan)爭，求助于黃帝部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)在涿鹿大敗蚩尤。以后(hou)(hou)炎黃兩部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)聯(lian)盟形成了華夏(xia)民族的(de)主體。后(hou)(hou)來，炎帝部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)一部(bu)(bu)(bu)分南遷，足跡兩湖(hu)。一部(bu)(bu)(bu)分仍留于黃河流域融(rong)合于其他(ta)氏族部(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)之中，仍奉炎帝為(wei)祖。
炎帝神農故里
這(zhe)反映了神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)部(bu)(bu)落(luo)是(shi)不(bu)斷發展壯大(da)的，其(qi)(qi)中以寶(bao)雞的炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)陵(ling)為第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)的陵(ling)墓。寶(bao)雞是(shi)早(zao)期華夏(xia)部(bu)(bu)落(luo)聯盟主干——炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)部(bu)(bu)落(luo)（華族(zu)）的發祥地。第(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)生于(yu)(yu)常羊山蒙峪溝，長于(yu)(yu)姜(jiang)水，是(shi)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)之(zhi)神(shen)，醫藥之(zhi)圣，因以火(huo)德王(wang)，故名炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)，號(hao)神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)氏。《白虎通(tong)義(yi)》中記載，古之(zhi)人民皆食禽(qin)獸(shou)肉，至于(yu)(yu)神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)，人民眾多，禽(qin)獸(shou)不(bu)足，于(yu)(yu)是(shi)神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)因天之(zhi)時，分地之(zhi)利，制耒耜，教(jiao)民農(nong)(nong)(nong)作，神(shen)而(er)化之(zhi)，使(shi)民宜之(zhi)，故謂(wei)之(zhi)神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)。一(yi)(yi)代(dai)(dai)、二(er)代(dai)(dai)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)均(jun)生活(huo)于(yu)(yu)陜(shan)西寶(bao)雞姜(jiang)水之(zhi)岸，其(qi)(qi)后，炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)部(bu)(bu)落(luo)壯大(da)輻射到其(qi)(qi)他地區(qu)，后代(dai)(dai)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)活(huo)躍于(yu)(yu)湖(hu)南株洲炎(yan)(yan)(yan)陵(ling)縣、湖(hu)北(bei)隨州(zhou)、山西高(gao)平等(deng)地，使(shi)這(zhe)些地方都留下(xia)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)陵(ling)。
陵祠
炎帝(di)(di)陵(ling)和炎帝(di)(di)祠位于寶雞(ji)市渭濱(bin)區神農鎮境內常羊山上。是(shi)神農炎帝(di)(di)的陵(ling)寢，為炎黃子(zi)孫拜祖祭祀的主要場所。
中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)民族(zu)是(shi)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)黃(huang)(huang)貴(gui)胄，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是(shi)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)黃(huang)(huang)子孫。神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)氏(shi)族(zu)始(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)始(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，軒轅氏(shi)族(zu)始(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)始(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)地(di)在(zai)(zai)(zai)姬水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，早(zao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)2700多年(nian)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)春秋時代(dai)(dai)就有(you)(you)定(ding)論。《國(guo)語·晉語》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)記載(zai)：“黃(huang)(huang)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)姬水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)成(cheng)，炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)以(yi)(yi)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)成(cheng)。”姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)區(qu)(qu)，這(zhe)在(zai)(zai)(zai)1500多年(nian)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)魏時代(dai)(dai)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)古(gu)地(di)理(li)學家(jia)(jia)(jia)酈道(dao)元就明確地(di)寫(xie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)《水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)經注》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。明代(dai)(dai)天(tian)順五年(nian)《一(yi)統(tong)志(zhi)》記載(zai)：“姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)縣南(nan)(nan)。”即今(jin)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)市區(qu)(qu)渭(wei)河(he)南(nan)(nan)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)市區(qu)(qu)渭(wei)河(he)南(nan)(nan)有(you)(you)浴圣(sheng)(sheng)九(jiu)龍(long)泉，泉上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)唐建(jian)神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)祠，祠南(nan)(nan)蒙(meng)峪(yu)口(kou)(kou)(kou)有(you)(you)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)，常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，均在(zai)(zai)(zai)（寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)市）渭(wei)濱區(qu)(qu)神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)鎮境(jing)內(nei)，都是(shi)眾(zhong)民百姓祭(ji)祀(si)先(xian)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場所。炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)主(zhu)要游(you)覽(lan)建(jian)筑有(you)(you)：神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)門(men)(men)(men)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)腳亭(ting)、炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)大(da)門(men)(men)(men)、炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)行(xing)宮(gong)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)首亭(ting)、“神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池”、“華(hua)(hua)夏始(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)”牌(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)坊(fang)、祭(ji)壇廣場、炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)、炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塑像(xiang)、大(da)型彩(cai)繪、墓(mu)(mu)前石(shi)(shi)階(jie)、陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)(mu)等。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)民間春節正(zheng)月11日集(ji)會九(jiu)龍(long)泉祭(ji)祀(si)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)誕辰；每年(nian)7月7日集(ji)會天(tian)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)祭(ji)奠炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)死葬(zang)。這(zhe)幾年(nian)來(lai)，海(hai)內(nei)外同胞(bao)多次成(cheng)批來(lai)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)域姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)、九(jiu)龍(long)泉、天(tian)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)尋根拜祖(zu)(zu)(zu)，但(dan)祠毀陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)圮失(shi)修。作為神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)故(gu)鄉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)黃(huang)(huang)子孫——寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)深感內(nei)疚。為此渭(wei)濱區(qu)(qu)神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)鎮政府先(xian)后(hou)(hou)邀(yao)請專(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)(jia)學者(zhe)與(yu)(yu)(yu)研究寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)方志(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同志(zhi)，進行(xing)實地(di)考察，結(jie)合史(shi)志(zhi)文(wen)獻記載(zai)論證．市政府、政協以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)地(di)處(chu)蒙(meng)峪(yu)溝口(kou)(kou)(kou)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)橋梁廠(chang)領導，決心在(zai)(zai)(zai)神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)氏(shi)族(zu)始(shi)(shi)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、創業與(yu)(yu)(yu)喪葬(zang)之(zhi)(zhi)處(chu)重(zhong)修神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)祠和(he)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，為炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)黃(huang)(huang)子孫拜祖(zu)(zu)(zu)謁陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)祭(ji)奠先(xian) 祖(zu)(zu)(zu)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)修建(jian)場所。弘(hong)揚民族(zu)文(wen)化(hua)，功垂中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)(hua)歷(li)史(shi)。炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)劃分陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)前區(qu)(qu)、祭(ji)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)區(qu)(qu)、墓(mu)(mu)冢(zhong)三個部分。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)前區(qu)(qu)：姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)堡(bao)處(chu)有(you)(you)一(yi)古(gu)式(shi)重(zhong)檐牌(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)坊(fang)，上(shang)(shang)書(shu)：“炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)故(gu)里(li)”四字(zi)(zi)。堡(bao)東“浴圣(sheng)(sheng)九(jiu)龍(long)泉”上(shang)(shang)有(you)(you)沐浴殿(dian)(dian)和(he)九(jiu)龍(long)亭(ting)。清姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)路北(bei)(bei)段(duan)十字(zi)(zi)路口(kou)(kou)(kou)有(you)(you)座石(shi)(shi)質華(hua)(hua)表(biao)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)坊(fang)，上(shang)(shang)書(shu)“神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉”四字(zi)(zi)。清姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)路中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)段(duan)十字(zi)(zi)路口(kou)(kou)(kou)又(you)有(you)(you)一(yi)座古(gu)式(shi)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)坊(fang)，上(shang)(shang)書(shu)“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)杰地(di)靈”四字(zi)(zi)。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)橋梁廠(chang)門(men)(men)(men)前天(tian)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)入(ru)口(kou)(kou)(kou)處(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒙(meng)峪(yu)，坐東面(mian)(mian)西(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)座跨路古(gu)建(jian)筑“神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)門(men)(men)(men)”牌(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)坊(fang)。過(guo)神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)門(men)(men)(men)經橋梁廠(chang)家(jia)(jia)(jia)屬區(qu)(qu)，向南(nan)(nan)即為常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)，有(you)(you)盤(pan)山(shan)(shan)公路直(zhi)達陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)殿(dian)(dian)；另有(you)(you)直(zhi)登(deng)(deng)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)殿(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)階(jie)。祭(ji)祀(si)區(qu)(qu)：“炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)”所在(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)，距寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)雞(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)市南(nan)(nan)約5公里(li)。進入(ru)山(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)，有(you)(you)百米臺(tai)(tai)階(jie)，謁陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)可拾級登(deng)(deng)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai)(tai)，陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)臺(tai)(tai)處(chu)有(you)(you)牌(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)坊(fang)、山(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)(men)。門(men)(men)(men)外豎立著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一(yi)塊石(shi)(shi)碑(bei)，上(shang)(shang)刻(ke)(ke)“常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)”三個大(da)字(zi)(zi)，是(shi)西(xi)(xi)安(an)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)名書(shu)法(fa)家(jia)(jia)(jia)吳三大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)手跡。常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)風(feng)光宜人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，溝底終(zhong)年(nian)流(liu)淌(tang)(tang)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)清冽(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)(shan)泉小溪，也流(liu)淌(tang)(tang)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)永(yong)遠訴說不(bu)(bu)完的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)美麗傳說，炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)就誕生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)塊美麗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土地(di)上(shang)(shang)。步(bu)入(ru)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)廟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)門(men)(men)(men)，左(zuo)廂(xiang)(xiang)房里(li)展出著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)平及(ji)(ji)(ji)傳說故(gu)事，右廂(xiang)(xiang)房的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墻壁上(shang)(shang)懸掛著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)各界(jie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)題(ti)詞。東西(xi)(xi)兩側(ce)設有(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業展覽(lan)館和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥史(shi)展覽(lan)館。修建(jian)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)及(ji)(ji)(ji)祭(ji)奠炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)活(huo)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)動場面(mian)(mian)可以(yi)(yi)通過(guo)電視錄相(xiang)展示在(zai)(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)眼前。院子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)是(shi)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)，殿(dian)(dian)前是(shi)可容納千人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)祭(ji)祀(si)廣場。大(da)殿(dian)(dian)面(mian)(mian)5間，左(zuo)右兩邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)紅柱(zhu)子上(shang)(shang)是(shi)西(xi)(xi)安(an)著(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)名書(shu)法(fa)家(jia)(jia)(jia)茹桂書(shu)寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)聯：“創始(shi)(shi)定(ding)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)千載(zai)岐黃(huang)(huang)崇炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”，“流(liu)傳安(an)無據八方稼(jia)穡(se)念(nian)神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)”。正(zheng)面(mian)(mian)門(men)(men)(men)額上(shang)(shang)是(shi)“炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)”四個大(da)字(zi)(zi)。殿(dian)(dian)堂正(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央是(shi)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)型塑像(xiang)，殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)燈(deng)火輝煌，香火不(bu)(bu)斷，宏亮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鐘聲悠揚 悅耳，回(hui)蕩整個山(shan)(shan)谷…… 祭(ji)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)還修建(jian)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)圣(sheng)(sheng)母宮(gong)和(he)神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)閣(ge)。西(xi)(xi)山(shan)(shan)腰有(you)(you)百草堂、藥王洞建(jian)筑，既是(shi)研究中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)醫中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場所，又(you)可以(yi)(yi)為群眾(zhong)看病(bing)。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)(mu)區(qu)(qu)：穿過(guo)殿(dian)(dian)堂往(wang)南(nan)(nan)，便是(shi)一(yi)條筆直(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通往(wang)后(hou)(hou)山(shan)(shan)頂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小道(dao)。炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)就在(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)后(hou)(hou)山(shan)(shan)頂上(shang)(shang)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)迫不(bu)(bu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)待地(di)登(deng)(deng)上(shang)(shang)陡(dou)峭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)相(xiang)疊的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)(tai)階(jie)，直(zhi)至登(deng)(deng)上(shang)(shang)第999個臺(tai)(tai)階(jie)，才算終(zhong)于到達常(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)峰頂。這(zhe)是(shi)個龐大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓形陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)(mu)，墓(mu)(mu)冢(zhong)周(zhou)圍(wei)用青石(shi)(shi)砌筑，墓(mu)(mu)碑(bei)上(shang)(shang)刻(ke)(ke)有(you)(you)“炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)”四字(zi)(zi)。四周(zhou)松柏成(cheng)林。墓(mu)(mu)前通道(dao)兩邊(bian)為歷(li)代(dai)(dai)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)王塑像(xiang)，陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)冢(zhong)后(hou)(hou)為頌(song)揚炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)功德(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)詩(shi)詞、楹聯和(he)繪畫作品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碑(bei)林。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)(mu)東連天(tian)臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)風(feng)景名勝區(qu)(qu)，北(bei)(bei)隔蒙(meng)峪(yu)河(he)與(yu)(yu)(yu)諸葛山(shan)(shan)相(xiang)望(wang)，南(nan)(nan)邊(bian)松柏成(cheng)林，越林梢可遠眺高聳人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)云的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)秦嶺大(da)散關(guan)，向西(xi)(xi)俯(fu)視清波滾滾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縈繞(rao)姜(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)氏(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)流(liu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)渭(wei)河(he)。陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)墓(mu)(mu)整體以(yi)(yi)山(shan)(shan)取勢，古(gu)建(jian)成(cheng)群，三面(mian)(mian)凌(ling)空，給人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以(yi)(yi)雄偉、神(shen)圣(sheng)(sheng)、肅穆、古(gu)雅、幽(you)靜(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)感覺。“國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)事，在(zai)(zai)(zai)祀(si)與(yu)(yu)(yu)戒(jie)。”“蓋古(gu)圣(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)功德(de)，惟帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)最(zui)大(da)。故(gu)后(hou)(hou)世之(zhi)(zhi)報享，帷帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)最(zui)隆。”作為農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業、醫藥和(he)市場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)創始(shi)(shi)者(zhe)，炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)神(shen)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)氏(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)歷(li)代(dai)(dai)祀(si)典(dian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，一(yi)直(zhi)居于崇高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)位。海(hai)外僑胞(bao)、港澳(ao)同胞(bao)和(he)大(da)陸各界(jie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)紛紛來(lai)炎(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)帝(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)陵(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)(ling)祭(ji)祖(zu)(zu)(zu)拜謁。這(zhe)里(li)有(you)(you)江澤民、李鵬(peng)、趙樸初、周(zhou)培源、周(zhou)谷城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、楊靜(jing)仁、張愛萍、王首道(dao)、錢偉長、江華(hua)(hua)、王任重(zhong)、耿飚(biao)、張平化(hua)、嚴(yan)濟慈、蕭克、羅青長、屈武(wu)等人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)題(ti)字(zi)(zi)、題(ti)詞，也有(you)(you)社會各界(jie)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士(shi)(shi)留下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墨寶(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。
行宮
炎(yan)帝(di)行宮是一處重要(yao)的炎(yan)帝(di)遺(yi)存(cun)，位(wei)于山(shan)西省高平市東北14.5公(gong)里的故關村(cun)。
該宮建(jian)于村中偏南，創建(jian)年代不詳，至(zhi)遲(chi)在明代已(yi)有(you)。坐北面南，單進(jin)院。現(xian)有(you)正殿(dian)、午(wu)臺(tai)、圣賢殿(dian)等。正殿(dian)三(san)間，進(jin)深六(liu)椽，前殿(dian)懸山頂。院內現(xian)存，明、清碑四通(tong)。
據明成(cheng)化十一(yi)年（1475年）“重修炎帝(di)行(xing)宮(gong)碑(bei)”記載：“神農炎帝(di)行(xing)宮(gong)磐基在故關(guan)里(li)村(cun)前，肇基太(tai)古(gu)，無(wu)文考驗，祠(ci)在換(huan)馬村(cun)東南，現(xian)存墳冢，木欄繞(rao)護(hu)，然(ran)祠(ci)與宮(gong)相去幾百余步(bu)也(ye)。”
歷史遺址
在寶(bao)雞(ji)市姜(jiang)城堡(bao)地區發現(xian)的(de)(de)姜(jiang)氏(shi)城遺(yi)址(zhi)，面(mian)積(ji)大約有49萬平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)。遺(yi)址(zhi)中最大的(de)(de)房子長10.7 米(mi)(mi)(mi)，寬(kuan)10.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)，面(mian)積(ji)約124平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，而(er)北(bei)(bei)首(shou)(shou)嶺遺(yi)址(zhi)中最大的(de)(de)房子面(mian)積(ji)僅88平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)，出土(tu)的(de)(de)生產工具(ju)和陶器與北(bei)(bei)首(shou)(shou)嶺的(de)(de)相似，并(bing)且相對先(xian)進。由此(ci)可見，姜(jiang)城堡(bao)遺(yi)址(zhi)時(shi)期(qi)是(shi)北(bei)(bei)首(shou)(shou)嶺氏(shi)族(zu)部落的(de)(de)繁榮和發展(zhan)時(shi)期(qi)，這(zhe)正是(shi)母系氏(shi)族(zu)公(gong)社(she)向父氏(shi)族(zu)公(gong)社(she)的(de)(de)過渡時(shi)期(qi)，與傳(chuan)說中的(de)(de)炎(yan)帝(di)時(shi)相吻合。發現(xian)古(gu)文化(hua)遺(yi)址(zhi)40多(duo)處。眾多(duo)的(de)(de)古(gu)文化(hua)遺(yi)址(zhi)，反映了炎(yan)帝(di)部落繁衍生息，發展(zhan)狀大的(de)(de)過程(cheng)。
故事傳說
寶(bao)雞是(shi)炎(yan)帝(di)的(de)發(fa)(fa)祥地(di)(di)。炎(yan)帝(di)生于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)寶(bao)雞天(tian)臺山(shan)的(de)蒙峪溝，長于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)姜水，是(shi)農(nong)業之(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)，醫(yi)藥之(zhi)(zhi)圣，因以火德(de)王，故(gu)名炎(yan)帝(di)，號神(shen)(shen)農(nong)氏。 《白虎(hu)通號》中(zhong)(zhong)記載，古之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)民(min)皆食禽(qin)獸肉(rou)，至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)神(shen)(shen)農(nong)，人(ren)民(min)眾多，禽(qin)獸不足，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)神(shen)(shen)農(nong)因天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)時，分(fen)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)利，制(zhi)耒耜(si)，教民(min)農(nong)作，神(shen)(shen)而化之(zhi)(zhi)，使民(min)宜之(zhi)(zhi)，故(gu)謂之(zhi)(zhi)神(shen)(shen)農(nong)。炎(yan)帝(di)部落(luo)(luo)(luo)以寶(bao)雞為中(zhong)(zhong)心，沿渭(wei)河向四周擴(kuo)展，向西發(fa)(fa)展到中(zhong)(zhong)原大地(di)(di)，此處(chu)土地(di)(di)平坦肥沃，氣候濕潤，原始農(nong)業得到長遠的(de)發(fa)(fa)展。部落(luo)(luo)(luo)開(kai)始定居，開(kai)始建都陳(chen)，再遷(qian)(qian)往魯(lu)，建都曲阜，后(hou)來(lai)炎(yan)帝(di)部落(luo)(luo)(luo)與南方的(de)蚩(chi)尤發(fa)(fa)生戰爭，求助于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黃帝(di)部落(luo)(luo)(luo)在涿鹿(lu)大敗蚩(chi)尤。以后(hou)炎(yan)黃兩(liang)部落(luo)(luo)(luo)聯盟形成了華夏民(min)族(zu)的(de)主體。后(hou)來(lai)，炎(yan)帝(di)部落(luo)(luo)(luo)一(yi)部分(fen)南遷(qian)(qian)，足跡兩(liang)湖(hu)，一(yi)部分(fen)仍留于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)黃河流域融合于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)其(qi)他氏族(zu)部落(luo)(luo)(luo)之(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)，仍奉炎(yan)帝(di)為祖。
主要景點
綜述
炎(yan)帝陵分(fen)為陵前區、祭(ji)祀區、墓冢區3部分(fen)。
陵前區
陵前區從(cong)姜(jiang)城堡地(di)區至天臺(tai)山入口的(de)蒙峪建(jian)有(you)多處古式(shi)牌坊，上書"炎帝故里"、"神農之(zhi)鄉"、"神農門(men)"、"人杰地(di)靈"等(deng)。
祭祀區
進(jin)入(ru)山(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)，即進(jin)入(ru)祭祀區，沿(yan)百米臺(tai)階而上(shang)，來到陵(ling)(ling)臺(tai)，陵(ling)(ling)臺(tai)處為(wei)山(shan)(shan)門(men)(men)，門(men)(men)外豎立(li)一塊石碑(bei)，上(shang)刻"常羊山(shan)(shan)"三個大字，為(wei)著名書法(fa)家吳三大的手跡。
登上山頂(ding)，便到了仰首亭，亭內(nei)和亭旁各有(you)一塊清代碑(bei)石，碑(bei)上刻有(you)"常(chang)養育炎(yan)"和"山海鎮 "，其中后者為清嘉慶(qing)三年(nian)重修(xiu)城池的遺石。
炎帝廟
炎帝廟(miao)，大(da)殿(dian)(dian)面闊5間，左右兩邊的對聯為(wei)書法家茹桂所書"創(chuang)始定(ding)有人千載歧黃(huang)崇炎帝，流傳(chuan)安天(tian)據(ju)八方稼(jia)穡念神(shen)農"，表達(da)了(le)對炎帝的崇敬(jing)之(zhi)情(qing)。殿(dian)(dian)前為(wei)祭祀廣(guang)場，可容納千人祭祀。廣(guang)場兩側(ce)分別(bie)建有鼓亭和(he)鐘亭。正殿(dian)(dian)面積400平(ping)方米(mi)，高12米(mi)，為(wei)清式廡殿(dian)(dian)。殿(dian)(dian)堂正中為(wei)炎帝座像(xiang)，像(xiang)高4.5米(mi)，目光炯炯，莊重(zhong)慈祥。殿(dian)(dian)內兩側(ce)壁上分別(bie)繪(hui)有有關炎帝的大(da)型壁畫，分別(bie)為(wei)常(chang)羊育炎、浴圣九龍、農業之(zhi)神(shen)、太陽之(zhi)神(shen)、醫藥之(zhi)神(shen)、炎帝結盟(meng)，講述了(le)炎帝的生平(ping)和(he)功(gong)績。
穿(chuan)過祭祀(si)區(qu)，便進入墓(mu)冢(zhong)區(qu)。沿著(zhu)長長的陵(ling)道拾級(ji)而上(shang)，兩邊塑立(li)著(zhu)百代帝王(wang)(wang)石像(xiang)，總共16位，依歷(li)史(shi)順序(xu)依次排列為(wei)：堯、舜(shun)、禹、啟、夏桀、成湯(tang)、盤庚(geng)、紂王(wang)(wang)、周(zhou)文王(wang)(wang)、周(zhou)武王(wang)(wang)、周(zhou)幽王(wang)(wang)、周(zhou)平王(wang)(wang)、鄭莊公(gong)(gong)、齊桓公(gong)(gong)、秦穆公(gong)(gong)、宋(song)襄公(gong)(gong)等。
沿著陵的道(dao)一直向上，便(bian)來到了(le)氣勢雄(xiong)渾、莊嚴肅穆的炎(yan)帝(di)陵前(qian)。這里就(jiu)是炎(yan)黃(huang)子孫拜(bai)謁(ye)先祖的圣地。"炎(yan)帝(di)陵"三(san)字飄逸(yi)灑脫，為(wei)全國書協名譽(yu)主(zhu)席啟功所題。
每年農歷(li)7月7日(ri)及(ji)(ji)清明節的炎(yan)帝祭(ji)日(ri)，海內外各界民眾聚于炎(yan)帝陵(ling)及(ji)(ji)炎(yan)帝祠進行(xing)盛大的公祭(ji)儀式，共同拜祭(ji)人文初祖--炎(yan)帝。
地理位置
炎帝陵，位于陜西省寶雞市渭濱區神農(nong)鎮(zhen)境內的常羊山(shan)之(zhi)上。
珍惜時光 
