位(wei)于(yu)陜西省(sheng)寶雞市茹家莊(zhuang)。古(gu)魚國國都位(wei)于(yu)寶雞市中(zhong)心,偏南(nan)八華里(li),常羊山(shan)下,姜(jiang)水(shui)之(zhi)畔,姜(jiang)渭交匯(hui),蒙峪(yu)河(he),瓦(wa)峪(yu)河(he)之(zhi)間,離(li)常羊山(shan)和蒙峪(yu)溝一溝之(zhi)隔,離(li)瓦(wa)峪(yu),峪(yu)泉村三華里(li),離(li)竹園溝二華里(li)。炎(yan)(yan)帝行宮就在(zai)遺址(zhi)圍內(炎(yan)(yan)帝行宮毀于(yu)五十年代末合作社時)離(li)姜(jiang)水(shui)之(zhi)畔一華里(li)。
西周中期弓(gong)魚(yu)國(guo)國(guo)君弓(gong)魚(yu)伯(bo)墓(mu)及其夫人井姬墓(mu)。
兩墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)東西并列,都是土(tu)坑豎(shu)穴(xue)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室南(nan)面有斜坡墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道并有隨葬的車馬坑。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室內筑木槨,安放棺木。伯(bo)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室南(nan)北長5.2米,東西寬(kuan)8.48米,木槨長3.2米,寬(kuan)4.2米。槨內分隔成深淺(qian)不同(tong)的甲、乙(yi)兩室,乙(yi)室底下有一腰坑。□伯(bo)埋于(yu)較大的乙(yi)室,有內外兩層(ceng)棺。甲室另埋一人(ren),有人(ren)認為是弓魚伯(bo)之妾(qie)。兩墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)都有殉葬人(ren),□伯(bo)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)殉7人(ren),井姬墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)殉2人(ren)。
墓(mu)中(zhong)出土青(qing)(qing)銅禮(li)器(qi)(qi)、兵器(qi)(qi)、工具、車馬器(qi)(qi)、玉石(shi)裝飾(shi)品,陶器(qi)(qi)、原始(shi)瓷器(qi)(qi)等共1500余件(jian)。弓魚伯(bo)隨(sui)(sui)葬的青(qing)(qing)銅禮(li)器(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)鬲、尊、卣、爵(jue)、觶、盤及(ji)鳥(niao)形(xing)尊等30多(duo)件(jian),其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)8件(jian)有(you)(you)“弓魚伯(bo)自(zi)作用(yong)器(qi)(qi)”之類的銘(ming)文。此外,還(huan)有(you)(you)編鐘3枚。 井(jing)姬(ji)隨(sui)(sui)葬的青(qing)(qing)銅禮(li)器(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)鼎、鬲、及(ji)羊尊等十余件(jian),多(duo)數有(you)(you)“弓魚伯(bo)作井(jing)姬(ji)用(yong)器(qi)(qi)”的銘(ming)文。由此可以(yi)確認兩(liang)(liang)墓(mu)的主人(ren)以(yi)及(ji)他們之間(jian)的關系(xi)。兵器(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)戈和短劍(jian),均出于□伯(bo)墓(mu)中(zhong)。戈的型式有(you)(you)直內無(wu)胡、短胡一穿的,也有(you)(you)援鋒(feng)呈(cheng)三角形(xing)的。兩(liang)(liang)墓(mu)隨(sui)(sui)葬玉、石(shi)裝飾(shi)品1300多(duo)件(jian),主要為鹿、虎、鳥(niao)、魚等動物(wu)形(xing)象及(ji)項鏈、串飾(shi)等。□伯(bo)墓(mu)甲室中(zhong)隨(sui)(sui)葬的鼎和□,器(qi)(qi)形(xing)比較特殊,是(shi)其(qi)(qi)他地(di)區的西周墓(mu)中(zhong)未曾發現過的,有(you)(you)可能是(shi)其(qi)(qi)他文化(hua)因素的反映(ying)。
在茹(ru)家莊南約1.5公(gong)里的(de)竹園溝,曾發掘(jue)了(le)20座墓(mu)葬,墓(mu)葬形制和隨葬品與茹(ru)家莊西(xi)周墓(mu)有很多相同(tong)(tong)之外,但年(nian)代略早。所出(chu)銅器銘(ming)文有□季字樣,可知是(shi)又一處□國貴族墓(mu)地(di)。這兩處墓(mu)地(di)的(de)發現對研究西(xi)周時代國地(di)望提(ti)供了(le)重要線索,并對說明當地(di)不同(tong)(tong)民族、不同(tong)(tong)文化間(jian)的(de)交流和融合(he),提(ti)供了(le)有力的(de)證(zheng)據。
1974年(nian)12月(yue)——1975年(nian)3月(yue),在(zai)寶雞市渭濱(bin)區神農(nong)鎮茹(ru)家莊(zhuang)村(cun),由村(cun)民平整土地(di)時(shi)發現(xian)青銅(tong)器(qi),馬骨架及(ji)(ji)大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)朱砂,當地(di)人(ren)稱猩(xing)紅,當時(shi)有村(cun)委(wei)書(shu)記(ji)楊明(ming)玉(yu)讓村(cun)民寧文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)岳等人(ren)用鋤(chu)把把車(che)馬銅(tong)圈穿到(dao)鋤(chu)把上(shang)(shang)趕到(dao)益(yi)門公(gong)社(she)(現(xian)神農(nong)鎮)主(zhu)管(guan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化陳文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)耀上(shang)(shang)報(bao),經陳文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)耀上(shang)(shang)報(bao)區文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化館(現(xian)圖書(shu)館)派張(zhang)德(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)等人(ren)到(dao)現(xian)場考察(cha)后上(shang)(shang)報(bao)原市博物(wu)(wu)館,派領導盧連城考古(gu)(gu)(gu)專家馬儉先(xian)生經過詳(xiang)細(xi)勘探(tan)后確定,有盧連城負責,馬儉先(xian)生具體(ti)主(zhu)持對四車(che)馬坑數巨型墓(mu)葬(zang)進(jin)行清(qing)理挖掘,兩月(yue)后,出(chu)土了(le)一(yi)大(da)(da)(da)批的(de)(de)(de)青銅(tong)器(qi),兵器(qi)和(he)生產用品,百多件玉(yu)料(liao),骨鋾(tao),銅(tong)等制作的(de)(de)(de)裝飾(shi)(shi)品及(ji)(ji)生活(huo)用品,千余(yu)奇珍異寶露(lu)出(chu)地(di)面(mian),那些五顏(yan)六(liu)色,色彩斑斕,個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)閃(shan)閃(shan)發光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)珍寶佩飾(shi)(shi)布滿了(le)整個(ge)(ge)棺面(mian),幾乎遍地(di)皆是(shi),使工作人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)無從插(cha)腳,一(yi)時(shi)間(jian)消息不(bu)脛而(er)走,吸引了(le)大(da)(da)(da)批的(de)(de)(de)各類人(ren)物(wu)(wu)觀看,在(zai)后來75年(nian)8月(yue)由北京(jing)故宮(gong)博物(wu)(wu)館和(he)陜(shan)(shan)西省文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)化廳在(zai)故宮(gong)舉(ju)辦了(le)(陜(shan)(shan)西省寶雞市新出(chu)土文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)物(wu)(wu)展)。歷時(shi)三月(yue)轟動了(le)京(jing)城,當時(shi)在(zai)北京(jing)30多位考古(gu)(gu)(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)博科學(xue)家極大(da)(da)(da)關(guan)注并為此召開了(le)學(xue)術座談會。肯定了(le)是(shi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)史(shi)書(shu)上(shang)(shang)消失(shi)的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)(gu)(gu)國(guo)(馬儉先(xian)生曾以墓(mu)內主(zhu)人(ren)棺外(wai)頂部帶蓋鼎和(he)簋(gui)內銘文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)字(強(qiang))確定其(強(qiang))初步(bu)論證,是(shi)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)史(shi)書(shu)不(bu)曾記(ji)載炎帝后裔西戎部族在(zai)此立國(guo)。填補了(le)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)史(shi)書(shu)上(shang)(shang)一(yi)項空白)。事(shi)隔(ge)近三十載。2000年(nian)我(wo)(wo)隨(sui)先(xian)生馬儉(考古(gu)(gu)(gu)副研(yan)究員(yuan)(yuan))來到(dao)茹(ru)家莊(zhuang)實地(di)調研(yan)。先(xian)生給我(wo)(wo)講了(le)很多關(guan)于強(qiang)伯和(he)炎帝之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系及(ji)(ji)西周,歷王(wang),宣王(wang),幽王(wang)等,關(guan)于姜(jiang),疆,羌(qiang),強(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)背(bei)景。引起我(wo)(wo)極大(da)(da)(da)興(xing)趣,發誓我(wo)(wo)要親自再探(tan)茹(ru)家莊(zhuang)西周強(qiang)國(guo)墓(mu)。經六(liu)載鞍(an)馬勞(lao)頓,日夜風塵,終于在(zai)今(jin)天的(de)(de)(de)三月(yue)底,調研(yan)工作圓(yuan)滿結(jie)合。