位于陜西省寶(bao)雞(ji)市茹家莊。古魚國國都位于寶(bao)雞(ji)市中心,偏南八華(hua)里,常(chang)羊(yang)山(shan)下,姜(jiang)水之(zhi)畔(pan),姜(jiang)渭(wei)交匯,蒙(meng)峪(yu)河,瓦峪(yu)河之(zhi)間,離常(chang)羊(yang)山(shan)和(he)蒙(meng)峪(yu)溝(gou)(gou)(gou)一溝(gou)(gou)(gou)之(zhi)隔,離瓦峪(yu),峪(yu)泉村(cun)三華(hua)里,離竹園溝(gou)(gou)(gou)二華(hua)里。炎(yan)帝行(xing)宮就在遺址(zhi)圍內(炎(yan)帝行(xing)宮毀于五十(shi)年代(dai)末合作社時(shi))離姜(jiang)水之(zhi)畔(pan)一華(hua)里。
西周(zhou)中期弓魚(yu)國(guo)國(guo)君弓魚(yu)伯墓及其夫人井姬(ji)墓。
兩(liang)(liang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)東西(xi)并(bing)列,都(dou)是土坑豎穴墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu),墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)南面有(you)斜(xie)坡墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)道(dao)并(bing)有(you)隨葬的(de)車(che)馬坑。墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)內筑木(mu)(mu)槨(guo),安放棺木(mu)(mu)。伯墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)室(shi)南北(bei)長5.2米(mi)(mi),東西(xi)寬(kuan)8.48米(mi)(mi),木(mu)(mu)槨(guo)長3.2米(mi)(mi),寬(kuan)4.2米(mi)(mi)。槨(guo)內分隔成深淺(qian)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)甲、乙兩(liang)(liang)室(shi),乙室(shi)底下有(you)一腰坑。□伯埋(mai)于較大的(de)乙室(shi),有(you)內外兩(liang)(liang)層棺。甲室(shi)另埋(mai)一人,有(you)人認為(wei)是弓魚伯之妾。兩(liang)(liang)墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)都(dou)有(you)殉(xun)葬人,□伯墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)殉(xun)7人,井姬墓(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)殉(xun)2人。
墓中(zhong)出(chu)(chu)土青銅禮器(qi)、兵器(qi)、工具、車馬器(qi)、玉石裝飾品,陶器(qi)、原始(shi)瓷器(qi)等共(gong)1500余件(jian)(jian)(jian)。弓(gong)(gong)魚(yu)伯(bo)(bo)隨葬(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)(de)青銅禮器(qi)有鬲、尊(zun)、卣(you)、爵、觶、盤及鳥(niao)形(xing)尊(zun)等30多(duo)件(jian)(jian)(jian),其(qi)中(zhong)8件(jian)(jian)(jian)有“弓(gong)(gong)魚(yu)伯(bo)(bo)自(zi)作用器(qi)”之類(lei)的(de)(de)(de)銘(ming)文(wen)(wen)。此(ci)外,還有編鐘(zhong)3枚(mei)。 井(jing)姬隨葬(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)(de)青銅禮器(qi)有鼎(ding)、鬲、及羊(yang)尊(zun)等十余件(jian)(jian)(jian),多(duo)數有“弓(gong)(gong)魚(yu)伯(bo)(bo)作井(jing)姬用器(qi)”的(de)(de)(de)銘(ming)文(wen)(wen)。由此(ci)可以確認兩墓的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)人(ren)以及他(ta)們之間的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系。兵器(qi)有戈和(he)短劍,均出(chu)(chu)于□伯(bo)(bo)墓中(zhong)。戈的(de)(de)(de)型式有直(zhi)內(nei)無(wu)胡(hu)、短胡(hu)一穿的(de)(de)(de),也有援鋒呈三(san)角形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)。兩墓隨葬(zang)(zang)玉、石裝飾品1300多(duo)件(jian)(jian)(jian),主(zhu)要為鹿、虎、鳥(niao)、魚(yu)等動(dong)物形(xing)象及項鏈、串飾等。□伯(bo)(bo)墓甲室(shi)中(zhong)隨葬(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)(de)鼎(ding)和(he)□,器(qi)形(xing)比較(jiao)特殊,是其(qi)他(ta)地區的(de)(de)(de)西(xi)周(zhou)墓中(zhong)未(wei)曾發現過的(de)(de)(de),有可能是其(qi)他(ta)文(wen)(wen)化因素的(de)(de)(de)反映。
在茹(ru)家莊南(nan)約(yue)1.5公里的(de)竹園溝,曾發掘了20座墓葬,墓葬形制和隨葬品與(yu)茹(ru)家莊西周(zhou)墓有(you)很多相同(tong)之外,但(dan)年代(dai)略早。所出銅器銘文(wen)有(you)□季字樣,可知是又一處□國(guo)貴族(zu)墓地。這兩處墓地的(de)發現對研究西周(zhou)時代(dai)國(guo)地望提(ti)供了重(zhong)要線(xian)索,并對說明當(dang)地不(bu)同(tong)民族(zu)、不(bu)同(tong)文(wen)化間的(de)交流和融合,提(ti)供了有(you)力的(de)證據。
1974年(nian)(nian)(nian)12月——1975年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月,在(zai)寶(bao)雞市渭濱區神農(nong)(nong)鎮(zhen)茹(ru)家(jia)莊村(cun),由村(cun)民(min)平整土(tu)(tu)地時(shi)發(fa)現(xian)(xian)青(qing)銅(tong)器,馬(ma)(ma)(ma)骨架及(ji)大(da)(da)量(liang)朱砂,當地人稱猩紅(hong),當時(shi)有村(cun)委書記楊明玉讓(rang)村(cun)民(min)寧文(wen)岳等(deng)人用鋤把(ba)把(ba)車(che)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)銅(tong)圈(quan)穿(chuan)到鋤把(ba)上(shang)(shang)(shang)趕(gan)到益門公社(現(xian)(xian)神農(nong)(nong)鎮(zhen))主管文(wen)化(hua)陳文(wen)耀(yao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)報,經(jing)陳文(wen)耀(yao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)報區文(wen)化(hua)館(現(xian)(xian)圖書館)派張(zhang)德(de)文(wen)等(deng)人到現(xian)(xian)場考(kao)察后(hou)(hou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)報原(yuan)市博(bo)(bo)物館,派領導盧連城考(kao)古(gu)專家(jia)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)儉(jian)先(xian)生經(jing)過詳細(xi)勘探后(hou)(hou)確定(ding),有盧連城負責,馬(ma)(ma)(ma)儉(jian)先(xian)生具體主持對四車(che)馬(ma)(ma)(ma)坑(keng)數巨型墓葬進行清理挖掘(jue),兩月后(hou)(hou),出土(tu)(tu)了一大(da)(da)批的青(qing)銅(tong)器,兵器和(he)生產用品,百多件玉料,骨鋾,銅(tong)等(deng)制作(zuo)的裝飾(shi)品及(ji)生活(huo)用品,千(qian)余奇珍異寶(bao)露出地面,那(nei)些五(wu)顏(yan)六色(se),色(se)彩斑斕,個(ge)個(ge)閃閃發(fa)光的珍寶(bao)佩(pei)飾(shi)布滿(man)了整個(ge)棺面,幾(ji)乎遍(bian)地皆(jie)是(shi),使工作(zuo)人員無(wu)從(cong)插(cha)腳,一時(shi)間(jian)消息不(bu)脛而走,吸引(yin)了大(da)(da)批的各類(lei)人物觀看,在(zai)后(hou)(hou)來75年(nian)(nian)(nian)8月由北(bei)京(jing)故宮博(bo)(bo)物館和(he)陜(shan)西(xi)省文(wen)化(hua)廳在(zai)故宮舉辦了(陜(shan)西(xi)省寶(bao)雞市新出土(tu)(tu)文(wen)物展)。歷(li)時(shi)三月轟動了京(jing)城,當時(shi)在(zai)北(bei)京(jing)30多位考(kao)古(gu)文(wen)博(bo)(bo)科學家(jia)極大(da)(da)關注并(bing)為此召開了學術座談會(hui)。肯定(ding)了是(shi)我國(guo)史(shi)書上(shang)(shang)(shang)消失的古(gu)國(guo)(馬(ma)(ma)(ma)儉(jian)先(xian)生曾以墓內主人棺外(wai)頂(ding)部帶蓋鼎和(he)簋內銘文(wen)之(zhi)一個(ge)字(強(qiang)(qiang))確定(ding)其(強(qiang)(qiang))初步論證(zheng),是(shi)我國(guo)史(shi)書不(bu)曾記載炎帝后(hou)(hou)裔西(xi)戎部族在(zai)此立國(guo)。填補了我國(guo)史(shi)書上(shang)(shang)(shang)一項(xiang)空白)。事隔近三十載。2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)我隨先(xian)生馬(ma)(ma)(ma)儉(jian)(考(kao)古(gu)副研究員)來到茹(ru)家(jia)莊實地調研。先(xian)生給我講(jiang)了很多關于強(qiang)(qiang)伯和(he)炎帝之(zhi)間(jian)的關系及(ji)西(xi)周,歷(li)王(wang)(wang),宣王(wang)(wang),幽王(wang)(wang)等(deng),關于姜(jiang),疆,羌(qiang),強(qiang)(qiang)的歷(li)史(shi)背(bei)景。引(yin)起我極大(da)(da)興(xing)趣,發(fa)誓我要親(qin)自(zi)再探茹(ru)家(jia)莊西(xi)周強(qiang)(qiang)國(guo)墓。經(jing)六載鞍馬(ma)(ma)(ma)勞頓,日夜(ye)風塵,終于在(zai)今(jin)天(tian)的三月底,調研工作(zuo)圓滿(man)結合。