都嶠山(shan)(shan)中,又(you)名(ming)(ming)(ming)南(nan)(nan)山(shan)(shan),是廣(guang)西省級風景名(ming)(ming)(ming)勝(sheng)區,桂東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)名(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)一,以典型的丹霞(xia)地(di)貌著(zhu)(zhu)稱(cheng)(cheng),距容縣(xian)縣(xian)城(cheng)7公里,是全國(guo)道書所(suo)稱(cheng)(cheng)三十(shi)六洞天(tian)(tian)的第二十(shi)洞天(tian)(tian)。山(shan)(shan)中有(you)勝(sheng)景“二洞、八峰、二十(shi)巖”。歷代以寺觀眾多,風光奇麗而聞名(ming)(ming)(ming)于世。古時山(shan)(shan)上有(you)九寺十(shi)三觀,有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)的講學所(suo)太極巖等,宋代著(zhu)(zhu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)詩人蘇(su)東(dong)(dong)坡、名(ming)(ming)(ming)相李(li)綱、明朝旅行家徐霞(xia)客等名(ming)(ming)(ming)人曾(ceng)慕(mu)名(ming)(ming)(ming)游覽題(ti)詠(yong),是集宗教、文化(hua)、風光于一體的名(ming)(ming)(ming)山(shan)(shan)。
都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)是我國道(dao)(dao)教第20洞天(tian),文(wen)(wen)資(zi)源(yuan)豐富,文(wen)(wen)化底蘊深厚(hou)。遠在(zai)(zai)漢代(dai)即(ji)(ji)有劉(liu)根(gen)、華子(zi)期等人(ren)入(ru)山(shan)修(xiu)道(dao)(dao),相傳晉朝葛洪也曾在(zai)(zai)山(shan)中煉(lian)丹。寶元觀(guan)即(ji)(ji)道(dao)(dao)教活動(dong)場所之一。隨著(zhu)佛教傳入(ru)中國,都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)又成為(wei)佛教勝地。唐代(dai)山(shan)中建有相當規模的(de)九寺十三(san)觀(guan)。靈(ling)景寺古時即(ji)(ji)為(wei)海內(nei)名寺。其后宋朝又在(zai)(zai)寶元巖(yan)中筑殿塑造(zao)和奉祀孔(kong)子(zi)及(ji)其弟子(zi),于(yu)是都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)便(bian)成為(wei)佛、道(dao)(dao)、儒三(san)家并興(xing)之地。此外(wai),歷代(dai)名人(ren)贊譽都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)的(de)詩文(wen)(wen)甚多,如宋代(dai)大詩人(ren)蘇東坡路過容州時曾題詩贈送在(zai)(zai)山(shan)中修(xiu)道(dao)(dao)的(de)邵彥(yan)甫,宋代(dai)名將李綱(gang)、明代(dai)著(zhu)名旅行家徐(xu)霞客游山(shan)時曾在(zai)(zai)靈(ling)景寺往宿(su),并留(liu)下了(le)詩篇和游記。都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)同時又是民(min)間文(wen)(wen)學的(de)寶庫,這里的(de)奇峰異石大多富麗(li)著(zhu)古老動(dong)人(ren)的(de)傳說(shuo)。如“鐘鼓(gu)石”、“仙(xian)人(ren)腳印”、“虎頭關”、“燈檠光(guang)照讀書臺(tai)”等,大都(dou)引人(ren)入(ru)勝。上述從文(wen)(wen)旅游資(zi)源(yuan)與風光(guang)交相輝映,極(ji)大地豐富了(le)名山(shan)的(de)文(wen)(wen)化內(nei)涵。 [1]
都嶠(jiao)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)體由第(di)三系(xi)“紅(hong)(hong)層”構(gou)成。第(di)三系(xi)“紅(hong)(hong)層”,屬于(yu)內陸(lu)湖盆(pen)沉積,主要(yao)為砂巖(yan)(yan)、礫(li)巖(yan)(yan),由于(yu)當時(shi)古氣候炎(yan)熱(re)干燥,沉積物中的(de)低價鐵氧(yang)化成高(gao)價鐵,因而巖(yan)(yan)層被染成紫紅(hong)(hong)或褐(he)紅(hong)(hong)色(se),故(gu)稱為“紅(hong)(hong)層”。山(shan)(shan)體色(se)調(diao)遠觀宛若紅(hong)(hong)霞(廣東仁化丹霞山(shan)(shan)即由此得名),這類地(di)貌在我國(guo)統稱為丹霞地(di)貌,其(qi)山(shan)(shan)、石徒刑(xing)的(de)特點(dian)是整體感(gan)強(qiang),在質感(gan)和(he)線條上剛柔兼備,與花(hua)崗巖(yan)(yan)、石灰巖(yan)(yan)構(gou)成的(de)山(shan)(shan)地(di)才丘(qiu)陵相比,風光別具一格(ge),具有很高(gao)的(de)美學觀賞價值。
都(dou)嶠(jiao)山屹立(li)在海(hai)拔100米上下的容(rong)(rong)廂平(ping)原之上,其(qi)主要山峰(feng)(feng)(feng)海(hai)拔多(duo)在500米以(yi)上,其(qi)中香爐峰(feng)(feng)(feng)標高743.7米,為都(dou)嶠(jiao)山最高峰(feng)(feng)(feng)。相對高差達400至600余米。整(zheng)個山區層巒疊嶂(zhang),巍(wei)峨(e)挺(ting)拔。特(te)別是山體北(bei)麓,丹(dan)霞赤壁似斧劈刀削,東西(xi)羅列,氣勢(shi)恢(hui)宏(hong)。自(zi)容(rong)(rong)城南望,群峰(feng)(feng)(feng)延(yan)綿達8公里,宛如平(ping)地堅立(li)的錦屏,南天(tian)排開的筆架(jia),朝暉夕陰(yin),氣象萬千(qian)。
都嶠山(shan)紅層中富含鈣質,在(zai)風化剝(bo)蝕過程中常沿層面形(xing)成(cheng)許(xu)多(duo)洞穴(xue)(xue)(xue)。這(zhe)些洞穴(xue)(xue)(xue)在(zai)水(shui)平方向上(shang)(shang)成(cheng)排(pai),在(zai)垂(chui)直方向上(shang)(shang)成(cheng)層發育。在(zai)慶壽巖(yan)(yan)之(zhi)上(shang)(shang),一系列洞穴(xue)(xue)(xue)大致(zhi)在(zai)同一高(gao)(gao)度斷(duan)續延伸,洞中原的古老房(fang)舍(she)的斷(duan)壁殘垣(yuan)排(pai)列有序,形(xing)成(cheng)了(le)“七十二房(fang)井(jing)”的奇觀。而(er)在(zai)云蓋峰,自(zi)下而(er)上(shang)(shang)分布(bu)著(zhu)太極巖(yan)(yan)、圣人(ren)巖(yan)(yan)、寶蓋巖(yan)(yan)等(deng)洞穴(xue)(xue)(xue),巖(yan)(yan)中砌房(fang)建(jian)閣(ge),至今不少仍保存完(wan)好。正(zheng)如寶蓋巖(yan)(yan)一付(fu)巖(yan)(yan)聯所題:“閣(ge)閣(ge)閣(ge)中閣(ge)巖(yan)(yan)巖(yan)(yan)巖(yan)(yan)上(shang)(shang)巖(yan)(yan)”。據不完(wan)全統計,山(shan)內(nei)大小(xiao)洞穴(xue)(xue)(xue)有300余個(ge),其中有名(ming)稱的達(da)100多(duo)個(ge)。這(zhe)些洞穴(xue)(xue)(xue)一般寬度大于深度和高(gao)(gao)度,最大洞穴(xue)(xue)(xue)不靈景巖(yan)(yan),寬46米,高(gao)(gao)、深各約16米,可容數百人(ren),都嶠山(shan)洞穴(xue)(xue)(xue)之(zhi)多(duo),在(zai)國內(nei)丹霞地貌風景區中是(shi)罕見的。
都(dou)嶠山(shan)山(shan)、石徒刑奇特,惟妙惟肖。紅層經風(feng)化剝蝕后(hou),造型地貌發(fa)育。如(ru)八大峰(feng),似香爐、仙人(ren)、灶石、馬鞍、竹兜,山(shan)峰(feng)由此得名。至于(yu)小的(de)山(shan)、石肖形像物的(de)更(geng)多(duo),如(ru)蠟(la)燭(zhu)通天、丹(dan)鳳(feng)朝陽(yang)、寶劍出鞘,文筆卓立以及海豚(tun)出水,鯉魚跳龍門(men)等巨石,莫不(bu)惟妙惟肖,使人(ren)們游興大增。還有仙人(ren)橋(qiao)、仙人(ren)床等景(jing)點,也是很富吸引力(li)的(de)景(jing)點。
都嶠山(shan)(shan)(shan)旅游資源(yuan)的(de)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)還只限(xian)于(yu)其西(xi)區,面積約4平方公里,僅占整個(ge)風(feng)景(jing)(jing)區的(de)四分之一,是近年新開(kai)發(fa)(fa)的(de)一個(ge)融自然景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)與(yu)宗教(jiao)文化為(wei)一體的(de)旅游觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)區。目前已建(jian)有(you)暗河佛源(yuan)漂流、登山(shan)(shan)(shan)觀(guan)(guan)光(guang)纜車(che)、五百羅漢堂(tang)、慶壽巖(yan)禪寺、猴(hou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)和觀(guan)(guan)猴(hou)長廊、金佛大字(zi)世(shi)界(jie)之最、南山(shan)(shan)(shan)閣、福(fu)壽橋、蓮池、九曲橋、植(zhi)物園等景(jing)(jing)觀(guan)(guan)。東區和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)區,包括香爐峰(feng)、丹灶峰(feng)、仙人峰(feng)、兜子峰(feng)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)峰(feng)等地,山(shan)(shan)(shan)勢更為(wei)雄奇,這一帶的(de)風(feng)光(guang)除(chu)具(ju)有(you)西(xi)區的(de)某些特點外,更以險、幽取勝(sheng)。可(ke)以預(yu)期,在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)遠(yuan)期開(kai)發(fa)(fa)之后,都嶠山(shan)(shan)(shan)景(jing)(jing)色將更具(ju)魅(mei)力。
民間(jian)(jian)有(you)(you)歌謠云(yun):“南山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)金(jin)戽(hu)斗(dou),九曲十(shi)八扭,誰人(ren)(ren)葬(zang)得著,芝麻(ma)綠豆官三(san)斗(dou)”;宋(song).賴布衣游(you)都(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)后(hou)便作賦一首以(yi)贊其(qi)(qi)美(mei)(mei),賦云(yun):“龍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)靈特超,星(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)光(guang)不朽;天光(guang)下(xia)降(jiang)方隅,地德上承培嶁;縱橫照(zhao)耀(yao),二十(shi)八宿列(lie)(lie)九天;起(qi)伏恢弘,七十(shi)二山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)分奔(ben)走;脈絡循環數(shu)百里,透岑容獨論尊卑;奇巒峻拔萬(wan)千(qian)峰(feng),列(lie)(lie)土木金(jin)分左右;觀(guan)(guan)龍樓寶殿,惟仰南山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan);察星(xing)(xing)(xing)體鐘靈,居(ju)然(ran)金(jin)斗(dou);心極溯洄(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望,每切(qie)秋(qiu)三(san);欲(yu)登(deng)泰(tai)岳(yue)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高,難(nan)逢(feng)重九.原夫神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所由起(qi)也(ye)!容山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)天堂(tang),森(sen)秀(xiu)渾穆;土柱石鵝(e),崇雄(xiong)高矗;香爐頂掛天池,丹灶云(yun)居(ju)幽(you)谷;娑(suo)婆巖為(wei)(wei)中宮,燈檠石為(wei)(wei)照(zhao)燭;大象宿于中傍(bang),仙鵝(e)飛(fei)乎(hu)上屬(shu).蜂腰(yao)渡峽,日月匡(kuang)扶;鼓角威儀,槍旗并(bing)束;羅列(lie)(lie)三(san)枝,中標雙玉(yu);觀(guan)(guan)峰(feng)巒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疊(die)(die)疊(die)(die),千(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)悉是(shi)奔(ben)隨;驗(yan)江漢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茫茫,萬(wan)水(shui)咸(xian)歸入(ru)局;橫敷直遞,觀(guan)(guan)其(qi)(qi)勢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚雄(xiong);左旋右抽,察其(qi)(qi)形者(zhe)真委曲.詳觀(guan)(guan)美(mei)(mei)穴(xue)蓮花,精(jing)微深入(ru);蟬翼雙披(pi),蝦須兩(liang)(liang)集(ji);御屏屹豎其(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian),荷筆卓然(ran)秀(xiu)立;遠觀(guan)(guan)則高起(qi)無情(qing),近視則山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)家(jia)拱揖;攀金(jin)腰(yao)玉(yu)帶(dai),一畫連(lian)環;占翰(han)苑雕(diao)梁(liang),敦厚(hou)難(nan)岌;幸(xing)形神(shen)畢聚,品(pin)格出乎(hu)萬(wan)千(qian);貌像呈祥(xiang),聲(sheng)價(jia)高居(ju)倍十(shi);信是(shi)明(ming)堂(tang)廣(guang)闊,陽剛星(xing)(xing)(xing)列(lie)(lie)盤桓;局度寬雄(xiong),帝座公車峻拔;只有(you)(you)諸砂,并(bing)無一煞(sha);兩(liang)(liang)邊盡(jin)是(shi)包羅,四面咸(xian)來觀(guan)(guan)察;羅衛收自近關,豬牙鎮塞總轄;天馬(ma)鎮自乾離,北斗(dou)重騮(liu)合札;擬左致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飄渺,仙人(ren)(ren)詎敢盡(jin)當;驗(yan)右繞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縈回(hui),苑客難(nan)稱(cheng)巧黠(xia);布金(jin)箱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蘊,不但寶三(san);陳玉(yu)石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能,有(you)(you)同簋八;若(ruo)是(shi)乎(hu)!地既靈于其(qi)(qi)前,人(ren)(ren)心杰乎(hu)厥后(hou);斯興發之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無強,享榮華之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悠久;富必石崇,貴仍韓(han)柳(liu);誥軸文(wen)星(xing)(xing)(xing)面對,他年(nian)金(jin)榜題(ti)名;云(yun)天錦(jin)帳頻敷,異日斗(dou)稱(cheng)福(fu)厚(hou);嗟乎(hu)!地產精(jing)英,鬼神(shen)守護(hu);縱有(you)(you)慧(hui)眼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明(ming),難(nan)默遭逢(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偶;是(shi)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)家(jia)擇主,斷然(ran)福(fu)自天來!倘教(jiao)地府(fu)佑人(ren)(ren),決非事成矯揉(rou)!