都嶠山中(zhong),又(you)名(ming)南(nan)山,是(shi)廣(guang)西省級風(feng)(feng)景名(ming)勝區,桂(gui)東南(nan)名(ming)山之一,以典型的丹霞地貌著稱,距容縣縣城(cheng)7公里,是(shi)全(quan)國道書所稱三(san)十六洞天的第二(er)十洞天。山中(zhong)有勝景“二(er)洞、八峰、二(er)十巖”。歷代(dai)以寺觀眾多,風(feng)(feng)光奇麗而(er)聞名(ming)于世。古時山上(shang)有九寺十三(san)觀,有著名(ming)的講學所太極(ji)巖等,宋代(dai)著名(ming)詩人(ren)蘇(su)東坡、名(ming)相李綱(gang)、明朝旅行家徐霞客(ke)等名(ming)人(ren)曾慕名(ming)游(you)覽(lan)題(ti)詠,是(shi)集宗教、文化(hua)、風(feng)(feng)光于一體的名(ming)山。
都(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)是我國道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)第20洞天,文(wen)資(zi)源豐富,文(wen)化(hua)底(di)蘊(yun)深(shen)厚。遠(yuan)在(zai)漢代(dai)即有劉(liu)根、華子期等人(ren)(ren)入山(shan)修道(dao)(dao),相(xiang)傳(chuan)晉朝(chao)葛洪也曾在(zai)山(shan)中(zhong)煉丹。寶(bao)元觀(guan)即道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)(jiao)活動(dong)場所(suo)之一。隨著佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)傳(chuan)入中(zhong)國,都(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)又成為佛(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)勝地。唐代(dai)山(shan)中(zhong)建有相(xiang)當規模的(de)(de)九寺十三(san)觀(guan)。靈景寺古(gu)時即為海內(nei)名寺。其(qi)后宋(song)朝(chao)又在(zai)寶(bao)元巖中(zhong)筑殿塑造和(he)奉祀孔子及其(qi)弟子,于是都(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)便(bian)成為佛(fo)、道(dao)(dao)、儒三(san)家并(bing)興之地。此外(wai),歷代(dai)名人(ren)(ren)贊譽都(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)的(de)(de)詩文(wen)甚多,如宋(song)代(dai)大(da)詩人(ren)(ren)蘇東坡路過容州時曾題(ti)詩贈(zeng)送在(zai)山(shan)中(zhong)修道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)邵彥甫,宋(song)代(dai)名將李綱、明(ming)代(dai)著名旅行家徐(xu)霞客游山(shan)時曾在(zai)靈景寺往宿,并(bing)留(liu)下了詩篇和(he)游記。都(dou)(dou)嶠(jiao)山(shan)同時又是民間文(wen)學(xue)的(de)(de)寶(bao)庫,這里的(de)(de)奇峰異石大(da)多富麗著古(gu)老(lao)動(dong)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)說。如“鐘鼓石”、“仙人(ren)(ren)腳(jiao)印”、“虎頭關(guan)”、“燈檠光照(zhao)讀書臺”等,大(da)都(dou)(dou)引人(ren)(ren)入勝。上(shang)述從文(wen)旅游資(zi)源與風光交相(xiang)輝映,極大(da)地豐富了名山(shan)的(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)內(nei)涵。 [1]
都嶠山山體(ti)由(you)(you)第三系“紅(hong)(hong)層(ceng)(ceng)”構(gou)成(cheng)。第三系“紅(hong)(hong)層(ceng)(ceng)”,屬(shu)于內陸湖(hu)盆沉積,主要為(wei)砂巖(yan)(yan)、礫巖(yan)(yan),由(you)(you)于當(dang)時古氣候炎熱干(gan)燥,沉積物中(zhong)的(de)低價鐵氧化(hua)成(cheng)高(gao)價鐵,因(yin)而巖(yan)(yan)層(ceng)(ceng)被染成(cheng)紫紅(hong)(hong)或褐(he)紅(hong)(hong)色(se),故稱為(wei)“紅(hong)(hong)層(ceng)(ceng)”。山體(ti)色(se)調遠(yuan)觀宛若紅(hong)(hong)霞(xia)(廣東(dong)仁化(hua)丹霞(xia)山即由(you)(you)此得(de)名),這類(lei)地(di)貌(mao)在我(wo)國統稱為(wei)丹霞(xia)地(di)貌(mao),其山、石徒刑的(de)特點是整體(ti)感(gan)(gan)強,在質(zhi)感(gan)(gan)和(he)線條上剛柔兼備,與花崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)、石灰巖(yan)(yan)構(gou)成(cheng)的(de)山地(di)才丘(qiu)陵相比(bi),風光別(bie)具一格,具有很(hen)高(gao)的(de)美學觀賞價值。
都嶠山(shan)屹立(li)在海拔100米(mi)上下的(de)容(rong)廂平(ping)原(yuan)之上,其主要山(shan)峰海拔多在500米(mi)以上,其中香爐峰標高(gao)(gao)743.7米(mi),為都嶠山(shan)最高(gao)(gao)峰。相對高(gao)(gao)差(cha)達(da)400至600余米(mi)。整個(ge)山(shan)區層(ceng)巒(luan)疊(die)嶂,巍峨(e)挺拔。特別是山(shan)體北麓,丹霞赤(chi)壁似(si)斧劈刀削,東(dong)西羅列,氣(qi)勢(shi)恢宏。自容(rong)城南望,群峰延綿達(da)8公里,宛(wan)如平(ping)地(di)堅立(li)的(de)錦屏,南天排開的(de)筆(bi)架,朝暉(hui)夕陰(yin),氣(qi)象萬千。
都(dou)嶠(jiao)山紅層(ceng)中富含(han)鈣(gai)質,在風化(hua)剝蝕過程中常(chang)沿層(ceng)面形(xing)成許多(duo)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)。這些洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)在水平(ping)方向上成排(pai),在垂直方向上成層(ceng)發育。在慶壽巖(yan)(yan)(yan)之上,一(yi)(yi)系列(lie)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)大致在同一(yi)(yi)高度(du)斷(duan)續延伸,洞(dong)(dong)(dong)中原的(de)(de)古老房舍的(de)(de)斷(duan)壁殘垣(yuan)排(pai)列(lie)有(you)序,形(xing)成了(le)“七十二房井”的(de)(de)奇觀。而在云蓋(gai)峰,自下而上分布著太(tai)極巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、圣人巖(yan)(yan)(yan)、寶蓋(gai)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)等(deng)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue),巖(yan)(yan)(yan)中砌(qi)房建閣(ge)(ge),至今不少仍保(bao)存(cun)完好。正如寶蓋(gai)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)一(yi)(yi)付巖(yan)(yan)(yan)聯(lian)所題(ti):“閣(ge)(ge)閣(ge)(ge)閣(ge)(ge)中閣(ge)(ge)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)上巖(yan)(yan)(yan)”。據不完全統計,山內大小洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)有(you)300余個,其中有(you)名稱的(de)(de)達100多(duo)個。這些洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)一(yi)(yi)般寬度(du)大于深(shen)度(du)和高度(du),最大洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)不靈景巖(yan)(yan)(yan),寬46米(mi),高、深(shen)各約16米(mi),可(ke)容數百人,都(dou)嶠(jiao)山洞(dong)(dong)(dong)穴(xue)之多(duo),在國(guo)內丹霞(xia)地貌風景區中是罕見(jian)的(de)(de)。
都嶠山(shan)山(shan)、石徒刑奇特,惟妙(miao)(miao)惟肖(xiao)。紅層(ceng)經風化剝蝕后,造型地貌發育。如八大峰(feng),似香(xiang)爐、仙人、灶石、馬(ma)鞍、竹兜,山(shan)峰(feng)由(you)此得名。至于小(xiao)的(de)山(shan)、石肖(xiao)形(xing)像物的(de)更多(duo),如蠟(la)燭通天(tian)、丹(dan)鳳朝(chao)陽、寶劍出(chu)鞘,文(wen)筆卓(zhuo)立以及海豚出(chu)水,鯉魚跳龍門等(deng)巨石,莫不(bu)惟妙(miao)(miao)惟肖(xiao),使人們游興(xing)大增。還(huan)有仙人橋、仙人床等(deng)景點(dian),也是(shi)很富吸引力的(de)景點(dian)。
都嶠山旅游資源的開(kai)發還(huan)只(zhi)限于其西(xi)區,面(mian)積約4平方(fang)公里,僅占整個風景區的四分之(zhi)一,是近年新開(kai)發的一個融自然景觀與宗教(jiao)文化(hua)為一體的旅游觀光區。目前已建(jian)有暗河佛源漂流、登山觀光纜(lan)車、五百羅漢(han)堂、慶壽巖禪寺、猴(hou)(hou)山和觀猴(hou)(hou)長(chang)廊、金佛大字世界(jie)之(zhi)最、南山閣、福壽橋、蓮池、九曲橋、植物(wu)園等(deng)景觀。東區和中區,包括香爐峰、丹灶峰、仙人峰、兜子峰、中峰等(deng)地,山勢更為雄奇,這(zhe)一帶(dai)的風光除具(ju)有西(xi)區的某些特(te)點外,更以(yi)(yi)險、幽取勝。可(ke)以(yi)(yi)預期,在中遠期開(kai)發之(zhi)后(hou),都嶠山景色(se)將(jiang)更具(ju)魅(mei)力(li)。
民間有(you)歌謠云(yun):“南山(shan)金戽斗(dou),九曲(qu)十八(ba)扭,誰人(ren)葬(zang)得著,芝麻綠豆官三(san)(san)斗(dou)”;宋.賴布衣(yi)游都(dou)嶠山(shan)后(hou)便(bian)作(zuo)賦一首以贊其(qi)美,賦云(yun):“龍(long)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)靈特超,星之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)光不朽;天(tian)(tian)光下降(jiang)方隅,地德上(shang)承培嶁;縱橫照(zhao)耀,二十八(ba)宿(su)列九天(tian)(tian);起(qi)伏恢弘,七十二山(shan)分奔走;脈絡(luo)循環數百里,透岑(cen)容(rong)獨論尊(zun)卑;奇巒(luan)峻拔萬千(qian)峰(feng)(feng),列土木金分左(zuo)右(you);觀(guan)龍(long)樓(lou)寶(bao)殿,惟仰(yang)南山(shan);察(cha)星體鐘靈,居然金斗(dou);心極(ji)溯洄(hui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望,每切秋三(san)(san);欲登(deng)泰(tai)岳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)(gao),難(nan)逢重(zhong)九.原夫神之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所由起(qi)也!容(rong)山(shan)天(tian)(tian)堂,森(sen)秀(xiu)渾(hun)穆;土柱石鵝,崇(chong)雄(xiong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)矗;香爐頂掛天(tian)(tian)池,丹灶云(yun)居幽谷(gu);娑婆(po)巖為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)宮,燈檠石為(wei)(wei)照(zhao)燭(zhu);大象宿(su)于(yu)中(zhong)傍,仙鵝飛乎上(shang)屬.蜂腰渡(du)峽(xia),日月(yue)匡扶;鼓角(jiao)威儀,槍旗并(bing)束;羅列三(san)(san)枝,中(zhong)標雙(shuang)玉(yu);觀(guan)峰(feng)(feng)巒(luan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)疊疊,千(qian)山(shan)悉是(shi)奔隨;驗(yan)江漢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)茫茫,萬水咸(xian)歸入(ru)局(ju);橫敷直遞,觀(guan)其(qi)勢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甚雄(xiong);左(zuo)旋右(you)抽(chou),察(cha)其(qi)形者真委曲(qu).詳觀(guan)美穴蓮花,精微深入(ru);蟬(chan)翼雙(shuang)披,蝦須(xu)兩(liang)集;御屏屹(yi)豎其(qi)間,荷筆卓然秀(xiu)立;遠(yuan)觀(guan)則高(gao)(gao)(gao)起(qi)無(wu)情(qing),近視則山(shan)家拱揖;攀(pan)金腰玉(yu)帶,一畫(hua)連環;占翰苑雕梁,敦厚(hou)(hou)難(nan)岌;幸(xing)形神畢(bi)聚,品格出乎萬千(qian);貌(mao)像呈祥,聲價高(gao)(gao)(gao)居倍(bei)十;信是(shi)明堂廣闊,陽剛星列盤桓;局(ju)度寬雄(xiong),帝(di)座公車(che)峻拔;只有(you)諸砂,并(bing)無(wu)一煞;兩(liang)邊盡是(shi)包羅,四面咸(xian)來觀(guan)察(cha);羅衛(wei)收自近關,豬牙(ya)鎮塞總(zong)轄;天(tian)(tian)馬鎮自乾離,北斗(dou)重(zhong)騮合札;擬(ni)左(zuo)致之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)飄渺,仙人(ren)詎敢盡當;驗(yan)右(you)繞之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縈回,苑客難(nan)稱巧(qiao)黠;布金箱(xiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蘊,不但寶(bao)三(san)(san);陳玉(yu)石之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能,有(you)同簋八(ba);若是(shi)乎!地既靈于(yu)其(qi)前,人(ren)心杰乎厥后(hou);斯興發之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)強,享榮華(hua)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)悠(you)久;富(fu)必石崇(chong),貴仍韓(han)柳;誥(gao)軸文星面對,他年金榜題名;云(yun)天(tian)(tian)錦帳(zhang)頻敷,異日斗(dou)稱福厚(hou)(hou);嗟乎!地產精英,鬼神守護;縱有(you)慧眼之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)明,難(nan)默遭逢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)偶(ou);是(shi)為(wei)(wei)山(shan)家擇主,斷然福自天(tian)(tian)來!倘教地府佑人(ren),決非事成矯揉(rou)!