電站龍頭
洪家渡水庫壩址(zhi)以上控制流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積9900平方公里,占六沖河流(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積的91%。壩址(zhi)多(duo)年平均(jun)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)155立方米(mi)/秒,多(duo)年平均(jun)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)48.9億(yi)立方米(mi)。水庫為山區(qu)峽谷和湖泊混合(he)型(xing),正常蓄(xu)水位(wei)時回水長84.89km,
最寬處3.57km,水(shui)面面積80.5平方公里。淹沒耕地6.3萬畝,需遷移人口4.5萬人。 水(shui)庫總(zong)庫容(rong)49.47億立(li)方米,調節庫容(rong)33.61億立(li)方米,是(shi)烏江11個梯級電站中(zhong)唯一對水(shui)量具有(you)多年調節能力的“龍頭”電站。
由于水庫的調(diao)節作用(yong),枯水期調(diao)節流(liu)量(liang)(liang)增加(jia)(jia)(jia),汛期減少下(xia)游梯級(ji)調(diao)峰棄水,可(ke)大(da)幅度提高(gao)(gao)烏(wu)(wu)(wu)江干流(liu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)效益(yi)。近期可(ke)提高(gao)(gao)東(dong)風、烏(wu)(wu)(wu)江渡兩電(dian)(dian)(dian)站保證出力239MW,增加(jia)(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(水力補償(chang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力補償(chang))11.79億(yi)(yi)kW.h,包括洪家渡本(ben)(ben)身(shen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)共(gong)計27.73億(yi)(yi)kW.h,其中59%為(wei)枯期電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang),45%為(wei)高(gao)(gao)峰電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang),電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量(liang)(liang)優(you)良(liang)。遠期可(ke)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)全梯級(ji)保證出力833MW,年(nian)增發電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)15.96億(yi)(yi)kW.h。烏(wu)(wu)(wu)江渡電(dian)(dian)(dian)站和東(dong)風電(dian)(dian)(dian)站也可(ke)適當(dang)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)裝(zhuang)機容量(liang)(liang)約520MW。還可(ke)改善下(xia)游東(dong)風和烏(wu)(wu)(wu)江渡的運(yun)行條件,分別提高(gao)(gao)東(dong)風、烏(wu)(wu)(wu)江渡運(yun)行死水位14m和15m,減少烏(wu)(wu)(wu)江渡受(shou)阻容量(liang)(liang)210MW,避免水輪(lun)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機組在震動區運(yun)行,對(dui)機組的安全十(shi)分有利。由此可(ke)見(jian),電(dian)(dian)(dian)站對(dui)下(xia)游的補償(chang)效益(yi)大(da)于本(ben)(ben)身(shen)效益(yi)。
電站建設
洪(hong)家(jia)(jia)渡工(gong)(gong)程實(shi)際進程是1997年開(kai)始電(dian)(dian)站籌建(jian)(jian)準備(bei),2000年3月導(dao)流洞開(kai)工(gong)(gong),2000年6月壩肩開(kai)挖,2000年11月8日,作為(wei)國家(jia)(jia)“西電(dian)(dian)東送(song)”啟(qi)動項目正式工(gong)(gong)程開(kai)工(gong)(gong),2001年10月15日實(shi)現(xian)大江(jiang)截流,2002年導(dao)流洞完成建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she),2002年5月大壩工(gong)(gong)程達(da)到100年一遇(yu)度汛狀(zhuang)態。根據烏江(jiang)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)開(kai)發(fa)(fa)公(gong)司調整后(hou)的工(gong)(gong)期目標,2004年7月洪(hong)家(jia)(jia)渡水(shui)電(dian)(dian)站首臺(tai)(tai)機(ji)組(zu)順(shun)利發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian),10月第(di)二臺(tai)(tai)機(ji)組(zu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian),12月第(di)三(san)(san)臺(tai)(tai)機(ji)組(zu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian),目前主體工(gong)(gong)程已進入(ru)收尾階段,其總工(gong)(gong)期較初(chu)步設(she)(she)計(ji)提前兩年,并創造了一年內三(san)(san)臺(tai)(tai)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)投(tou)產發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)的水(shui)電(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)奇跡,目前電(dian)(dian)廠累計(ji)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)量7億(yi)千(qian)瓦(wa)時。 總工(gong)(gong)期比初(chu)步設(she)(she)計(ji)提前兩年。
電站意義
國家首批七個“西(xi)(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)送(song)”工程(cheng)(cheng)主會(hui)場均(jun)設(she)在此地,時任國務院總(zong)理的(de)朱(zhu)鎔基(ji)在工程(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)工的(de)賀電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)中說道(dao):洪家渡水電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)“西(xi)(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)送(song)”工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)開(kai)工,標(biao)(biao)志著(zhu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)部大(da)開(kai)發(fa)拉開(kai)序(xu)幕。 “西(xi)(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)送(song)”工程(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)中國西(xi)(xi)(xi)部大(da)開(kai)發(fa)的(de)標(biao)(biao)志性工程(cheng)(cheng)之一(yi)。“西(xi)(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)送(song)”是(shi)指開(kai)發(fa)貴州、云南、廣西(xi)(xi)(xi)、四川、內蒙古、山西(xi)(xi)(xi)、陜(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)等西(xi)(xi)(xi)部省(sheng)區(qu)(qu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力資源,將其輸送(song)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力緊(jin)缺的(de)廣東(dong)(dong)、上海(hai)、江(jiang)蘇、浙江(jiang)和京、津(jin)、唐地區(qu)(qu)。
該電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)在貴州(zhou)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)中主要承(cheng)擔調峰、調頻和備用(yong),改善(shan)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)運(yun)行(xing)條件(jian),并具(ju)有(you)防洪(hong)、工農業(ye)供水、改善(shan)生態環(huan)境、旅游(you)、水產養殖、改善(shan)航運(yun)等綜(zong)合效益。該電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的興建(jian),無論對烏江梯(ti)級的"流域、梯(ti)級、滾動、綜(zong)合"開(kai)發,還是對貴州(zhou)電(dian)(dian)力結(jie)構(gou)的優化,以及對貴州(zhou)經(jing)濟的振興,都有(you)著(zhu)重要的作用(yong)。
洪家渡電(dian)站(zhan)提前建成投(tou)產(chan),對增(zeng)強烏江下游(you)各梯(ti)級電(dian)站(zhan)的(de)發(fa)電(dian)出力以及貴州電(dian)網(wang)的(de)調峰調頻能(neng)力將發(fa)揮(hui)重要(yao)作用,有助于加快貴州“西電(dian)東(dong)送”步伐。近期通過(guo)對水(shui)量(liang)的(de)調節,烏江下游(you)已建成的(de)東(dong)風和(he)烏江渡水(shui)電(dian)站(zhan),年發(fa)電(dian)量(liang)將可增(zeng)加15億千瓦(wa)時以上(shang)。
水土保持
按照水(shui)利部批(pi)復的《烏江洪家渡水(shui)電站水(shui)土保持方案》,貴州烏江水(shui)電開發有限責任公司組織實施了壩體(ti)邊(bian)坡(po)防護、棄渣場(chang)(chang)整(zheng)治(zhi)、料場(chang)(chang)整(zheng)治(zhi)、施工場(chang)(chang)地(di)(di)(di)及(ji)營地(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)治(zhi)和(he)綠化(hua)、下游(you)河道整(zheng)治(zhi)及(ji)對(dui)外道路防護等水(shui)土保持措施,完成土石方工程124.1萬立(li)方米,栽(zai)植(zhi)林木32.1萬株,種草28.0公頃。項目區擾(rao)動土地(di)(di)(di)治(zhi)理率為(wei)(wei)91.4%,水(shui)土流失治(zhi)理程度(du)為(wei)(wei)84.9%,水(shui)土流失控制比(bi)為(wei)(wei)1.5,植(zhi)被(bei)恢復系數(shu)為(wei)(wei)達到93.1%,林草覆(fu)蓋率為(wei)(wei)64.6%,攔(lan)渣率為(wei)(wei)95.4%。