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電站龍頭

洪(hong)家渡水(shui)庫壩址以上控制流(liu)(liu)域面積9900平(ping)方公里，占六沖(chong)河(he)流(liu)(liu)域面積的(de)91%。壩址多(duo)年平(ping)均流(liu)(liu)量155立方米(mi)/秒，多(duo)年平(ping)均徑流(liu)(liu)量48.9億立方米(mi)。水(shui)庫為山區峽谷和湖(hu)泊混合型，正常(chang)蓄水(shui)位時回水(shui)長84.89km，

最寬處(chu)3.57km，水(shui)面面積80.5平方公里。淹(yan)沒(mei)耕地6.3萬(wan)畝(mu)，需遷移(yi)人(ren)口(kou)4.5萬(wan)人(ren)。 水(shui)庫(ku)總庫(ku)容49.47億(yi)立(li)方米，調(diao)節庫(ku)容33.61億(yi)立(li)方米，是(shi)烏江11個梯(ti)級(ji)電站中(zhong)唯一(yi)對(dui)水(shui)量具有多年調(diao)節能力的“龍頭(tou)”電站。

由(you)于水(shui)庫(ku)的(de)調(diao)節作用，枯水(shui)期調(diao)節流量(liang)(liang)(liang)增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，汛期減(jian)少下(xia)游(you)梯級調(diao)峰棄水(shui)，可大幅度提(ti)高(gao)(gao)烏(wu)江(jiang)干流發電(dian)效(xiao)益。近期可提(ti)高(gao)(gao)東(dong)風(feng)(feng)、烏(wu)江(jiang)渡(du)兩電(dian)站(zhan)保證出力(li)239MW，增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)（水(shui)力(li)補(bu)(bu)償加(jia)電(dian)力(li)補(bu)(bu)償）11.79億kW.h，包括洪家(jia)渡(du)本(ben)身電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)共計27.73億kW.h，其中59%為枯期電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，45%為高(gao)(gao)峰電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，電(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)優(you)良。遠期可增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)全(quan)梯級保證出力(li)833MW，年增(zeng)(zeng)發電(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)15.96億kW.h。烏(wu)江(jiang)渡(du)電(dian)站(zhan)和(he)東(dong)風(feng)(feng)電(dian)站(zhan)也可適當增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)裝機(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)約520MW。還可改善(shan)下(xia)游(you)東(dong)風(feng)(feng)和(he)烏(wu)江(jiang)渡(du)的(de)運行條件，分別提(ti)高(gao)(gao)東(dong)風(feng)(feng)、烏(wu)江(jiang)渡(du)運行死水(shui)位14m和(he)15m，減(jian)少烏(wu)江(jiang)渡(du)受(shou)阻容(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)210MW，避(bi)免水(shui)輪(lun)發電(dian)機(ji)組(zu)在(zai)震動(dong)區運行，對機(ji)組(zu)的(de)安(an)全(quan)十分有利。由(you)此可見，電(dian)站(zhan)對下(xia)游(you)的(de)補(bu)(bu)償效(xiao)益大于本(ben)身效(xiao)益。

電站建設

洪(hong)家(jia)(jia)(jia)渡工(gong)(gong)程實際進程是1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)開始電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站籌建(jian)準備，2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)導(dao)流(liu)洞(dong)(dong)開工(gong)(gong)，2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)壩肩開挖，2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)8日(ri)(ri)，作(zuo)為國家(jia)(jia)(jia)“西電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)東送”啟動項目正式工(gong)(gong)程開工(gong)(gong)，2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)15日(ri)(ri)實現大江(jiang)(jiang)截流(liu)，2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)導(dao)流(liu)洞(dong)(dong)完成建(jian)設，2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)大壩工(gong)(gong)程達到100年(nian)(nian)(nian)一遇度汛狀態(tai)。根據烏江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)開發(fa)公司調整后(hou)的工(gong)(gong)期(qi)目標，2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)洪(hong)家(jia)(jia)(jia)渡水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站首臺(tai)(tai)機組順利發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，10月(yue)(yue)第二臺(tai)(tai)機組發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，12月(yue)(yue)第三(san)臺(tai)(tai)機組發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，目前主體工(gong)(gong)程已(yi)進入收尾階段，其總工(gong)(gong)期(qi)較初步設計(ji)(ji)提前兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)，并創造(zao)了一年(nian)(nian)(nian)內三(san)臺(tai)(tai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組投產發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的水(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)設奇跡，目前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠累計(ji)(ji)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量7億千瓦時。 總工(gong)(gong)期(qi)比初步設計(ji)(ji)提前兩(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。

電站意義

國(guo)家首批七個“西(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)送”工(gong)(gong)程主(zhu)會場均(jun)設在(zai)此地，時任(ren)國(guo)務院(yuan)總理的(de)朱鎔基在(zai)工(gong)(gong)程開工(gong)(gong)的(de)賀電(dian)(dian)中(zhong)說(shuo)道(dao)：洪(hong)家渡水電(dian)(dian)站“西(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)送”工(gong)(gong)程的(de)開工(gong)(gong)，標(biao)(biao)志著西(xi)(xi)部大開發拉(la)開序幕。 “西(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)送”工(gong)(gong)程是中(zhong)國(guo)西(xi)(xi)部大開發的(de)標(biao)(biao)志性(xing)工(gong)(gong)程之一。“西(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)送”是指開發貴州、云南(nan)、廣(guang)西(xi)(xi)、四川、內蒙古、山西(xi)(xi)、陜西(xi)(xi)等西(xi)(xi)部省區的(de)電(dian)(dian)力資源(yuan)，將其輸送到電(dian)(dian)力緊缺的(de)廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)、上海(hai)、江蘇、浙江和京(jing)、津、唐(tang)地區。

該電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)貴州電(dian)網中(zhong)主要(yao)(yao)承(cheng)擔調峰(feng)、調頻和備用(yong)，改善(shan)電(dian)網運行條(tiao)件，并(bing)具有防(fang)洪、工農業供水(shui)、改善(shan)生態(tai)環境、旅(lv)游、水(shui)產養殖、改善(shan)航運等綜合效益。該電(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的(de)興建(jian)，無(wu)論對(dui)烏江梯(ti)級的(de)"流域、梯(ti)級、滾動、綜合"開發，還是對(dui)貴州電(dian)力結構的(de)優化，以及對(dui)貴州經濟的(de)振興，都有著重要(yao)(yao)的(de)作用(yong)。

洪家(jia)渡電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)提前建成投產(chan)，對(dui)增強烏(wu)江下游各梯級電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)的發(fa)電(dian)(dian)出力以(yi)及貴(gui)州電(dian)(dian)網的調(diao)峰調(diao)頻能力將發(fa)揮重要作用，有助于加(jia)快貴(gui)州“西電(dian)(dian)東(dong)送”步伐。近期通過對(dui)水量的調(diao)節，烏(wu)江下游已建成的東(dong)風和(he)烏(wu)江渡水電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，年發(fa)電(dian)(dian)量將可增加(jia)15億千瓦時以(yi)上(shang)。

水土保持

按(an)照水利部批復的(de)《烏江(jiang)洪家渡(du)水電站水土(tu)保持方(fang)案》，貴州烏江(jiang)水電開發有限責任公司組織(zhi)實施了壩體邊坡(po)防(fang)護、棄(qi)渣場整治(zhi)、料場整治(zhi)、施工場地(di)及營(ying)地(di)整治(zhi)和(he)綠化、下游河道整治(zhi)及對外道路防(fang)護等(deng)水土(tu)保持措施，完(wan)成土(tu)石方(fang)工程(cheng)124.1萬立方(fang)米，栽植林木32.1萬株，種草(cao)28.0公頃。項目(mu)區(qu)擾動土(tu)地(di)治(zhi)理率為(wei)91.4%，水土(tu)流失(shi)治(zhi)理程(cheng)度為(wei)84.9%，水土(tu)流失(shi)控制比(bi)為(wei)1.5，植被恢復系(xi)數(shu)為(wei)達(da)到93.1%，林草(cao)覆蓋率為(wei)64.6%，攔渣率為(wei)95.4%。