電站龍頭
洪家渡水庫壩(ba)址以(yi)上控制流(liu)域(yu)面積(ji)9900平方(fang)公里(li),占(zhan)六(liu)沖(chong)河流(liu)域(yu)面積(ji)的91%。壩(ba)址多(duo)年平均流(liu)量155立方(fang)米(mi)/秒,多(duo)年平均徑(jing)流(liu)量48.9億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)。水庫為山區峽谷和湖(hu)泊混合型(xing),正常蓄(xu)水位時回水長84.89km,
最寬(kuan)處3.57km,水面(mian)面(mian)積80.5平方(fang)公里。淹沒耕(geng)地6.3萬畝(mu),需(xu)遷移人(ren)口4.5萬人(ren)。 水庫總(zong)庫容(rong)49.47億立方(fang)米,調節庫容(rong)33.61億立方(fang)米,是烏江(jiang)11個梯級(ji)電站中唯一對水量具有多(duo)年調節能力的“龍頭”電站。
由于(yu)(yu)水(shui)庫的調節(jie)作用,枯水(shui)期(qi)調節(jie)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)增加(jia),汛期(qi)減少(shao)下(xia)游(you)梯級(ji)調峰棄(qi)水(shui),可大(da)幅度提(ti)(ti)高烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)干流(liu)發電(dian)(dian)效(xiao)益(yi)。近期(qi)可提(ti)(ti)高東(dong)風、烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)渡兩電(dian)(dian)站保證出力(li)239MW,增加(jia)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(水(shui)力(li)補(bu)償加(jia)電(dian)(dian)力(li)補(bu)償)11.79億kW.h,包括洪家渡本(ben)(ben)身電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)共計(ji)27.73億kW.h,其(qi)中(zhong)59%為枯期(qi)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang),45%為高峰電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang),電(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)優(you)良。遠期(qi)可增加(jia)全梯級(ji)保證出力(li)833MW,年增發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)15.96億kW.h。烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)渡電(dian)(dian)站和東(dong)風電(dian)(dian)站也可適當增加(jia)裝(zhuang)機容量(liang)(liang)約520MW。還可改善下(xia)游(you)東(dong)風和烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)渡的運行條件,分(fen)別提(ti)(ti)高東(dong)風、烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)渡運行死(si)水(shui)位(wei)14m和15m,減少(shao)烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)渡受阻容量(liang)(liang)210MW,避免水(shui)輪發電(dian)(dian)機組在(zai)震動區(qu)運行,對機組的安全十分(fen)有利。由此可見,電(dian)(dian)站對下(xia)游(you)的補(bu)償效(xiao)益(yi)大(da)于(yu)(yu)本(ben)(ben)身效(xiao)益(yi)。
電站建設
洪家(jia)渡工程(cheng)(cheng)實際(ji)進(jin)(jin)程(cheng)(cheng)是1997年(nian)(nian)(nian)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)電(dian)站籌建準(zhun)備(bei),2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)導流(liu)洞(dong)開(kai)(kai)工,2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)壩(ba)肩開(kai)(kai)挖,2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)(yue)8日,作為國(guo)家(jia)“西電(dian)東送”啟動項目正式工程(cheng)(cheng)開(kai)(kai)工,2001年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)15日實現大江截流(liu),2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)導流(liu)洞(dong)完成建設(she)(she),2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)大壩(ba)工程(cheng)(cheng)達到100年(nian)(nian)(nian)一(yi)遇度汛狀態。根(gen)據烏江水(shui)電(dian)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)公司調整后的工期(qi)目標,2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)洪家(jia)渡水(shui)電(dian)站首(shou)臺(tai)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)順(shun)利發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian),10月(yue)(yue)第二(er)臺(tai)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian),12月(yue)(yue)第三(san)臺(tai)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian),目前主體工程(cheng)(cheng)已(yi)進(jin)(jin)入收尾階段,其總(zong)工期(qi)較(jiao)初(chu)步(bu)設(she)(she)計提前兩(liang)(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian),并創造了一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)內三(san)臺(tai)發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)投產發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)的水(shui)電(dian)建設(she)(she)奇跡,目前電(dian)廠累(lei)計發(fa)(fa)(fa)電(dian)量7億千瓦時。 總(zong)工期(qi)比(bi)初(chu)步(bu)設(she)(she)計提前兩(liang)(liang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。
電站意義
國家首批七個“西(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)送(song)(song)”工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)主(zhu)會場均設在此(ci)地,時任國務(wu)院總理的(de)朱鎔(rong)基在工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)賀電(dian)(dian)中說道:洪家渡(du)水(shui)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)“西(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)送(song)(song)”工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)開工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),標志(zhi)著西(xi)(xi)部大(da)開發拉開序(xu)幕(mu)。 “西(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)送(song)(song)”工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是(shi)中國西(xi)(xi)部大(da)開發的(de)標志(zhi)性工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)之一。“西(xi)(xi)電(dian)(dian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)送(song)(song)”是(shi)指開發貴州、云南(nan)、廣(guang)西(xi)(xi)、四川、內蒙(meng)古、山西(xi)(xi)、陜西(xi)(xi)等西(xi)(xi)部省(sheng)區(qu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)力資(zi)源,將其輸送(song)(song)到(dao)電(dian)(dian)力緊缺的(de)廣(guang)東(dong)(dong)(dong)、上海、江(jiang)蘇、浙(zhe)江(jiang)和京、津、唐地區(qu)。
該(gai)電站(zhan)在貴州(zhou)電網中主(zhu)要承擔調峰、調頻(pin)和備用(yong)(yong),改善(shan)電網運(yun)(yun)行條件,并具有(you)防洪、工農業供(gong)水(shui)、改善(shan)生態環(huan)境、旅游、水(shui)產養殖(zhi)、改善(shan)航運(yun)(yun)等綜合(he)(he)效益。該(gai)電站(zhan)的(de)(de)興建(jian),無(wu)論對(dui)烏(wu)江梯級的(de)(de)"流域(yu)、梯級、滾動、綜合(he)(he)"開發(fa),還是對(dui)貴州(zhou)電力結構的(de)(de)優化,以及(ji)對(dui)貴州(zhou)經(jing)濟的(de)(de)振興,都有(you)著重要的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)。
洪家渡電(dian)(dian)站提前建成(cheng)投產,對增強(qiang)烏(wu)江(jiang)下游各(ge)梯級(ji)電(dian)(dian)站的(de)(de)發電(dian)(dian)出(chu)力以(yi)及貴州電(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)調峰調頻能(neng)力將發揮重要(yao)作(zuo)用,有(you)助于加(jia)快貴州“西電(dian)(dian)東送”步伐。近期通過(guo)對水量(liang)的(de)(de)調節,烏(wu)江(jiang)下游已建成(cheng)的(de)(de)東風和烏(wu)江(jiang)渡水電(dian)(dian)站,年發電(dian)(dian)量(liang)將可增加(jia)15億千(qian)瓦(wa)時以(yi)上。
水土保持
按(an)照(zhao)水(shui)利(li)部批復的《烏(wu)江洪家渡水(shui)電站水(shui)土(tu)保持方(fang)案》,貴(gui)州烏(wu)江水(shui)電開發有限責任公(gong)司(si)組織實施(shi)了(le)壩體(ti)邊坡(po)防護(hu)、棄渣場整(zheng)治、料(liao)場整(zheng)治、施(shi)工場地及(ji)營地整(zheng)治和綠化(hua)、下游河(he)道整(zheng)治及(ji)對外(wai)道路(lu)防護(hu)等水(shui)土(tu)保持措施(shi),完(wan)成土(tu)石方(fang)工程(cheng)124.1萬立方(fang)米(mi),栽植(zhi)林(lin)木32.1萬株,種(zhong)草(cao)(cao)28.0公(gong)頃。項(xiang)目區擾動土(tu)地治理率為(wei)(wei)91.4%,水(shui)土(tu)流失(shi)治理程(cheng)度為(wei)(wei)84.9%,水(shui)土(tu)流失(shi)控制比為(wei)(wei)1.5,植(zhi)被恢復系數為(wei)(wei)達(da)到93.1%,林(lin)草(cao)(cao)覆(fu)蓋率為(wei)(wei)64.6%,攔渣率為(wei)(wei)95.4%。