工程簡介
喀什塔(ta)什庫爾(er)干縣興(xing)建的(de)下(xia)坂地(di)水(shui)利(li)樞(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)是2001年(nian)國(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)批準(zhun)的(de)《塔(ta)里(li)(li)木河(he)流(liu)域近期(qi)綜合治理規(gui)劃》中(zhong)確定(ding)的(de)唯(wei)一(yi)山區水(shui)利(li)樞(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng),屬國(guo)家、新(xin)疆維吾爾(er)自治區重(zhong)點工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設項目,位于塔(ta)里(li)(li)木河(he)水(shui)系葉爾(er)羌河(he)支(zhi)流(liu)塔(ta)什庫爾(er)干河(he)的(de)中(zhong)下(xia)游(you)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)壩(ba)址距(ju)(ju)塔(ta)什庫爾(er)干縣城45公里(li)(li)、距(ju)(ju)烏魯木齊1815公里(li)(li)。下(xia)坂地(di)水(shui)利(li)樞(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)為(wei)55個月(yue)(yue)(yue)。其(qi)中(zhong):施工(gong)(gong)(gong)準(zhun)備期(qi)18個月(yue)(yue)(yue),主體工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)期(qi)24.5個月(yue)(yue)(yue)(2007年(nian)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)大壩(ba)實現截(jie)流(liu),2009年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)第一(yi)臺機(ji)組發(fa)電),工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)完(wan)建期(qi)限(xian)12.5個月(yue)(yue)(yue)。
基礎設施
下坂地(di)水(shui)利樞紐(niu)工(gong)程位(wei)(wei)于新疆塔(ta)(ta)里木河源流(liu)葉爾(er)(er)羌河主要(yao)支流(liu)之(zhi)一的塔(ta)(ta)什庫(ku)爾(er)(er)干河中下游(you)。樞紐(niu)工(gong)程地(di)處喀(ka)什地(di)區塔(ta)(ta)什庫(ku)爾(er)(er)干塔(ta)(ta)吉(ji)克(ke)自治縣班迪爾(er)(er)鄉境內,距(ju)塔(ta)(ta)什庫(ku)爾(er)(er)干塔(ta)(ta)吉(ji)克(ke)自治縣45km,距(ju)喀(ka)什市(shi)(shi)315km。從喀(ka)什市(shi)(shi)到塔(ta)(ta)什庫(ku)爾(er)(er)干縣有(you)314國道通過(guo),為樞紐(niu)工(gong)程主要(yao)對(dui)外交(jiao)通道路,從工(gong)程壩址至314國道。該工(gong)程主要(yao)任務是(shi)以生態補水(shui)及春旱供水(shui)為主,結(jie)合發電(dian)的綜合性(xing)Ⅱ等大型工(gong)程。水(shui)庫(ku)正常擋水(shui)位(wei)(wei)2960m,總庫(ku)容8.67億m3,電(dian)站(zhan)總裝機150MW。樞紐(niu)建筑物由攔河壩、導(dao)流(liu)泄洪(hong)洞(dong)、引(yin)水(shui)發電(dian)洞(dong)和電(dian)站(zhan)廠(chang)房四部分(fen)組成。
新疆下(xia)(xia)坂(ban)(ban)地(di)(di)水(shui)利(li)樞(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設平(ping)均海拔高(gao)度(du)3050米(mi)(mi),工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)總(zong)庫(ku)容8.67億立方米(mi)(mi),電站裝機(ji)(3×50MW)150Mw,平(ping)均發電量4.644億Kw.h;該工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)可防御洪水(shui)標(biao)準(zhun)為(wei)(wei)100年(nian)一遇,大(da)壩地(di)(di)震設防標(biao)準(zhun)為(wei)(wei)8.5度(du)。下(xia)(xia)坂(ban)(ban)地(di)(di)水(shui)利(li)樞(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)興(xing)建,可替代塔河下(xia)(xia)游16座(zuo)平(ping)原(yuan)水(shui)庫(ku)蓄水(shui),并(bing)能滿足葉(xie)河向(xiang)塔河多年(nian)輸水(shui)并(bing)使農田灌區提高(gao),緩解喀(ka)什、克州的(de)(de)嚴重缺(que)電問題,對促(cu)進(jin)(jin)地(di)(di)區經濟和社(she)(she)會發展,穩固邊疆政治和社(she)(she)會穩定方面都具有十分(fen)重要和深遠的(de)(de)意義(yi)。下(xia)(xia)坂(ban)(ban)地(di)(di)水(shui)利(li)樞(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)自2005年(nian)開始(shi)建設以來,擔任(ren)施工(gong)(gong)任(ren)務(wu)的(de)(de)葛洲壩集團、新工(gong)(gong)集團等(deng)10多家單位工(gong)(gong)作人(ren)員克服高(gao)寒缺(que)氧和風沙肆虐等(deng)困難(nan),先后(hou)突破地(di)(di)質結構(gou)復雜、高(gao)邊坡、深度(du)覆(fu)蓋(gai)層(ceng)(ceng)等(deng)技術難(nan)題,使工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)得以順利(li)進(jin)(jin)行。一期工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)難(nan)度(du)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)高(gao)7米(mi)(mi)、寬8.5米(mi)(mi)、全(quan)長(chang)1425.85米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)導流泄洪洞(dong)已竣工(gong)(gong);豎井正在(zai)進(jin)(jin)行最(zui)后(hou)的(de)(de)緊張(zhang)封頂;在(zai)406米(mi)(mi)長(chang)的(de)(de)大(da)壩壩基上,葛洲壩集團的(de)(de)45臺深度(du)鉆機(ji)正在(zai)向(xiang)地(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)150米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)基巖層(ceng)(ceng)進(jin)(jin)行帷幕(mu)灌漿;全(quan)長(chang)35公(gong)里(li)的(de)(de)左岸對外交通(tong)道(dao)路工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)已進(jin)(jin)入到(dao)最(zui)后(hou)瀝(li)青處理階段,計劃10月底完工(gong)(gong)。
防洪設施
大(da)壩基(ji)礎防滲采用“覆蓋層(ceng)上(shang)墻下幕(mu)(mu)和基(ji)巖(yan)帷(wei)幕(mu)(mu)灌漿”綜合處理方案,合同和以往的(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)比較有(you)以下特點:①施(shi)工(gong)方案特殊:由(you)于(yu)冰(bing)磧砂礫石(shi)覆蓋厚(hou)(hou)達150m,所以在覆蓋層(ceng)中(zhong)采用了上(shang)部深85m,厚(hou)(hou)1m的(de)(de)混凝(ning)土防滲墻下接4排(pai)(pai)灌漿帷(wei)幕(mu)(mu)來全(quan)部截斷覆蓋層(ceng)滲流防滲方案;由(you)于(yu)基(ji)巖(yan)強風化(hua)帶(dai)厚(hou)(hou),節(jie)理裂隙發(fa)育,左(zuo)岸防滲帷(wei)幕(mu)(mu)采用3排(pai)(pai)灌漿孔(kong),右(you)岸帷(wei)幕(mu)(mu)為(wei)單排(pai)(pai)孔(kong)。②地(di)質條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)復雜:冰(bing)磧砂礫石(shi)覆蓋層(ceng)中(zhong)含山(shan)體(ti)崩(beng)落體(ti),河(he)(he)流沖積物交錯(cuo)沉積,大(da)小不一,最大(da)的(de)(de)達到(dao)10m以上(shang);兩(liang)(liang)岸山(shan)體(ti)風化(hua)帶(dai)厚(hou)(hou),風化(hua)裂隙嚴重;地(di)層(ceng)的(de)(de)滲透系(xi)數(shu)大(da),平均(jun)滲透系(xi)數(shu)在10-1~10-2。③施(shi)工(gong)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)惡劣:由(you)于(yu)施(shi)工(gong)區(qu)海拔高程(cheng)2900,兩(liang)(liang)岸山(shan)體(ti)常(chang)年積雪,且(qie)無植被(bei),十分缺(que)氧;夏季泥(ni)石(shi)流時有(you)發(fa)生;整夜風沙不停;施(shi)工(gong)區(qu)夏天(tian)只有(you)半(ban)天(tian)的(de)(de)日曬時間(jian);每年10月底就進入寒冷的(de)(de)冬季。④施(shi)工(gong)資源(yuan)調集困(kun)難:由(you)于(yu)工(gong)程(cheng)地(di)處偏遠地(di)區(qu),周邊城鎮幾乎無任何資源(yuan)可(ke)調,350km以外的(de)(de)喀(ka)什資源(yuan)也極為(wei)有(you)限(xian)。⑤施(shi)工(gong)場地(di)狹窄,施(shi)工(gong)干擾大(da):整個(ge)河(he)(he)谷軸線長(chang)370m,左(zuo)右(you)兩(liang)(liang)岸有(you)高邊坡開挖(wa)、導流洞(dong)和引(yin)水隧洞(dong)開挖(wa),河(he)(he)床防滲施(shi)工(gong)又分為(wei)左(zuo)右(you)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)標(biao)段,施(shi)工(gong)干擾大(da)。
經濟效益
下坂地(di)(di)(di)水(shui)利(li)樞紐工(gong)程(cheng)是塔(ta)里(li)木(mu)河流域綜(zong)合治理項(xiang)目(mu)之一,工(gong)程(cheng)以(yi)(yi)春(chun)(chun)季早供水(shui)、生態補水(shui)、發電等為建(jian)設目(mu)標。工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)成后,總(zong)庫容量(liang)可達8.67億立方(fang)米,將在很大程(cheng)度上改變葉爾羌河流域“春(chun)(chun)旱(han)、夏洪、秋缺、冬枯(ku)”的狀況。這工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設施工(gong)區域海拔高(gao)(gao),高(gao)(gao)地(di)(di)(di)震(zhen)烈度、高(gao)(gao)邊坡處理、深覆蓋層等復雜的地(di)(di)(di)質地(di)(di)(di)貌結構中國罕見,施工(gong)條件艱苦(ku),技術要求(qiu)高(gao)(gao)。工(gong)程(cheng)匯集(ji)了來(lai)自(zi)全(quan)國各(ge)地(di)(di)(di)的優(you)秀(xiu)水(shui)利(li)施工(gong)隊伍。自(zi)工(gong)程(cheng)開工(gong)建(jian)設以(yi)(yi)來(lai),建(jian)設者們發揚“艱苦(ku)不(bu)怕苦(ku)、缺氧不(bu)缺志氣”的精神,保(bao)證了各(ge)項(xiang)工(gong)程(cheng)的按時完工(gong)。
工程總量
下坂地水(shui)(shui)利樞(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)程是國(guo)務院批復的《塔里木河(he)流(liu)域(yu)近期綜合(he)治(zhi)理規劃報告》中確(que)定(ding)的唯一(yi)(yi)的一(yi)(yi)座大型山區(qu)水(shui)(shui)利樞(shu)紐工(gong)(gong)(gong)程。它位(wei)于新疆喀什(shen)地區(qu)葉爾羌河(he)主要支(zhi)流(liu)之一(yi)(yi)的塔什(shen)庫(ku)爾干(gan)河(he)中游(you),是以生態補水(shui)(shui)、春(chun)旱供水(shui)(shui)為主,結合(he)發電的綜合(he)性水(shui)(shui)利工(gong)(gong)(gong)程,是造福喀、克兩地州400萬各族人民的富民工(gong)(gong)(gong)程。項目經過(guo)喀什(shen)地委、行署(shu)五屆領導班子、兩代水(shui)(shui)利人,二十多(duo)年(nian)的不懈(xie)努力,于2005年(nian)12月經國(guo)家(jia)批準立(li)項建設(she)。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程總投資18.06 億元,總庫(ku)容 8.67 億立(li)方米(mi),電機裝(zhuang)機15 萬千(qian)瓦。工(gong)(gong)(gong)程主要建筑(zhu)物有攔(lan)河(he)閘、導流(liu)泄(xie)洪洞、引水(shui)(shui)發電洞、電站廠(chang)房組成。
下設分站
辛迪中(zhong)心站(zhan)址位(wei)于下坂地(di)(di)(di)管理站(zhan)二級臺地(di)(di)(di),出露(lu)地(di)(di)(di)層(ceng)(ceng)均為第四系沖洪(hong)積(ji)物(wu),上(shang)部(bu)巖性(xing)為砂壤土(tu)層(ceng)(ceng),灰黃色,較(jiao)疏松,含植物(wu)根系,具水平層(ceng)(ceng)理,厚度(du)1.5~2.5M;下部(bu)巖性(xing)為卵石層(ceng)(ceng),中(zhong)密,次圓~渾圓狀,粒徑一般5~12CM,礫(li)石、砂土(tu)充(chong)填,土(tu)含量相對較(jiao)高,成(cheng)(cheng)份由角(jiao)(jiao)閃(shan)(shan)片(pian)麻(ma)巖及角(jiao)(jiao)閃(shan)(shan)斜長片(pian)巖組成(cheng)(cheng),厚度(du)大于15M。地(di)(di)(di)下水位(wei)埋深不詳。
布達爾水文站址位于塔什庫爾干河右岸河漫灘(tan),出(chu)露地層均(jun)為(wei)(wei)第(di)四系(xi)統沖洪積(ji)物,上部巖性為(wei)(wei)砂壤土(tu)層,灰黃色(se),疏松,含植物根(gen)系(xi),厚度0.3~0.5M;下部巖性為(wei)(wei)卵石(shi)層,灰白色(se),中(zhong)密,渾圓(yuan)狀,分選(xuan)性較好(hao),粒(li)徑(jing)一般6~10CM,最大15~20CM,含量約占65%,礫石(shi)、砂土(tu)充(chong)填,成份以(yi)砂巖、大理(li)巖、灰巖為(wei)(wei)主,厚度大于10M。地下水位埋深(shen)5~6M。
伊(yi)爾(er)列黑水(shui)文站位于(yu)塔什庫(ku)爾(er)干河左岸河漫(man)灘,出露(lu)地層(ceng)(ceng)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)第四系沖洪積物,巖性:上部(bu)為(wei)(wei)卵石層(ceng)(ceng),灰白(bai)色,中密,次圓(yuan)~渾圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),粒徑一般6~15CM,含(han)量約(yue)占58%,含(han)漂石,最大粒徑20~40CM,角礫(li)、砂土(tu)充(chong)填,成(cheng)(cheng)份(fen)(fen)以角閃片(pian)麻巖、片(pian)巖為(wei)(wei)主,厚4~5M;中部(bu)為(wei)(wei)角礫(li)層(ceng)(ceng),灰白(bai)色,中密,棱角狀(zhuang)(zhuang)、片(pian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),粒徑一般1~2CM,含(han)量約(yue)占70%,局部(bu)含(han)碎石,砂土(tu)充(chong)填,成(cheng)(cheng)份(fen)(fen)以片(pian)巖為(wei)(wei)主,厚度0.3~0.8M;下部(bu)為(wei)(wei)卵石層(ceng)(ceng),灰白(bai)色,中密,次渾圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang),粒徑一般6~10CM,含(han)量約(yue)占73%,含(han)漂石,最大粒徑20~40CM,成(cheng)(cheng)份(fen)(fen)以角閃片(pian)麻巖、片(pian)巖為(wei)(wei)主,厚度大于(yu)10M。地下水(shui)位埋深4.5~5M。
投入運營
新疆下(xia)班地(di)水(shui)利(li)樞(shu)紐(niu)(niu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)塔里木河(he)流域近期綜(zong)合治理項目中唯一(yi)的(de)(de)山區水(shui)庫(ku)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),也是(shi)自(zi)治區重點水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),下(xia)坂(ban)地(di)水(shui)利(li)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)于2005年12月(yue)獲國家批準(zhun)建設(she),工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)概算(suan)總(zong)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)18.06億元(yuan),總(zong)庫(ku)容量(liang)8.67億立方(fang)米,電站裝(zhuang)機容量(liang)15萬千瓦時,2005年5月(yue)完成(cheng)(cheng)四通一(yi)平工(gong)作(zuo),2005年7月(yue)16日工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)奠基,2007年9月(yue)26日完成(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)截流。新疆下(xia)班地(di)水(shui)利(li)樞(shu)紐(niu)(niu)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)2500多名建設(she)者,克(ke)服(fu)海(hai)拔高,缺氧,地(di)質條件復雜的(de)(de)不利(li)因素和(he)諸多困難,晝(zhou)夜施工(gong),確(que)保了(le)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)如期推(tui)進。截止目前,完成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)資(zi)(zi)資(zi)(zi)金16.33億元(yuan),完成(cheng)(cheng)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)任務的(de)(de)90%。
新疆下坂地(di)水利樞紐(niu)工程(cheng)建管局副局長說:我(wo)們(men)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)地(di)方(fang)最(zui)大(da)的困難,因為它是高(gao)原地(di)區(qu),所(suo)以(yi)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)地(di)方(fang)缺氧,第二個(ge),我(wo)們(men)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)地(di)方(fang)具(ju)有(you)三高(gao)一深(shen)(shen)的特(te)點(dian),三高(gao)主要是高(gao)海拔、高(gao)邊(bian)坡、高(gao)地(di)震裂度,一深(shen)(shen)是我(wo)們(men)大(da)壩(ba)這(zhe)(zhe)一塊(kuai)的基(ji)礎(chu)覆蓋(gai)層深(shen)(shen)度150米,處理起來也非常困難,在(zai)(zai)技術的角度上(shang)講,高(gao)邊(bian)坡處理起來也非常困難,再(zai)加上(shang)工期(qi)非常緊張,有(you)效的施工期(qi)比較短,高(gao)原地(di)區(qu)嘛,所(suo)以(yi)大(da)家(jia)在(zai)(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)過(guo)程(cheng)中,加班加點(dian),在(zai)(zai)廣大(da)建設者們(men)付出了非常大(da)的努力,也付出了非常大(da)的艱辛,這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)終于迎來了咱們(men)首臺機組的發(fa)電。
下班地水利樞紐工程首臺機組(zu)的發電運營,對塔什庫爾(er)干(gan)縣經濟社會發展也將起到積(ji)極的促進(jin)作(zuo)用。
塔(ta)(ta)什庫爾干塔(ta)(ta)吉(ji)克自治縣(xian)縣(xian)委書記臧(zang)愛武同期聲(sheng):下班地水利(li)樞紐工(gong)程(cheng),首(shou)臺機(ji)組發電(dian)將(jiang)(jiang)會緩解(jie)我們工(gong)業用電(dian)緊(jin)張的問題,等(deng)今年110變電(dian)所的建設開(kai)工(gong)到(dao)明年年初建成,將(jiang)(jiang)從(cong)根本(ben)上解(jie)決我們縣(xian)工(gong)業發展電(dian)力不(bu)足的問題,將(jiang)(jiang)為塔(ta)(ta)什庫爾干縣(xian)實現(xian)跨(kua)越式發展和長(chang)治久安奠定一定得基礎。