水庫概況
黑龍(long)江省北部(bu)北引榘道的一座大(da)型反(fan)調節平(ping)原水庫,位于(yu)黑龍(long)江省安(an)(an)達(da)市與大(da)慶(qing)市龍(long)鳳區結合部(bu),距安(an)(an)達(da)市區東(dong)(dong)北約(yue)2 5千(qian)米(mi),距大(da)慶(qing)市龍(long)鳳區東(dong)(dong)約(yue)12.5千(qian)米(mi),總庫容1.16億立方米(mi)。工(gong)程于(yu)1972年9月動工(gong),1974年9月竣工(gong)蓄(xu)水。
水庫區(qu)(qu)域(yu)屬中溫帶大陸(lu)性季風氣(qi)候區(qu)(qu),冬(dong)季嚴寒而(er)漫長,春季干旱多(duo)大風,夏(xia)季高溫而(er)多(duo)雨,秋季涼爽短(duan)促。多(duo)年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫3.3攝氏度,最(zui)低氣(qi)溫出現(xian)在(zai)1月為(wei)一3r7.2攝氏度,最(zui)高氣(qi)溫出現(xian)在(zai)7月,為(wei)38.3攝氏度。多(duo)年(nian)平(ping)均年(nian)降水量(liang)(liang)為(wei)426毫(hao)米(mi),多(duo)年(nian)平(ping)均年(nian)水面蒸發量(liang)(liang)為(wei)972毫(hao)米(mi),最(zui)大凍土(tu)深2.14米(mi)。
水庫壩址(zhi)以上引水渠(qu)道長242.745千(qian)米(mi)(其中總(zong)干渠(qu)長203.315千(qian)米(mi),薩爾圖分(fen)干渠(qu)長39.43千(qian)米(mi))。多年平均(jun)(jun)年引水量為(wei)4.65億立方米(mi),年平均(jun)(jun)輸(shu)沙量12.33萬(wan)噸(dun),水質達(da)到(dao)Ⅱ類(lei)水標(biao)準。
工(gong)程主(zhu)要(yao)由土壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、溢洪道、進水(shui)閘和(he)提(ti)(ti)水(shui)泵站(zhan)組(zu)成(cheng)。土壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)包括主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、西副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)和(he)東(dong)副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),全(quan)系均質土壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),全(quan)長16.67千米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高(gao)5.36米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),頂(ding)寬3米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高(gao)程為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)150.95米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂(ding)高(gao)程為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)149米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)址位(wei)(wei)(wei)于安(an)達市種牛(niu)場(chang)(chang),副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置涉及大(da)慶市乙烯(xi)農(nong)場(chang)(chang),大(da)慶市農(nong)工(gong)商集(ji)團的一分場(chang)(chang)、五分場(chang)(chang)。溢洪道位(wei)(wei)(wei)于主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西側9+945米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處,其結構型(xing)式(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鋼筋混(hun)凝土閘、橋整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)式(shi),2孔(kong),每(mei)孔(kong)凈寬為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),裝(zhuang)有2扇平板(ban)鋼閘門,尺寸4.36米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),最大(da)泄流量70立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)秒。進水(shui)閘位(wei)(wei)(wei)于西副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)北端,薩爾(er)圖分干渠末端39+450千米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處,其結構型(xing)式(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鋼筋混(hun)凝土閘橋整(zheng)體(ti)(ti)式(shi),2孔(kong),每(mei)孔(kong)凈寬4米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。閘門型(xing)式(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)平板(ban)鋼閘門,閘門尺寸4.34米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)×2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),設計引水(shui)流量為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)20.2立方米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)秒。提(ti)(ti)水(shui)泵站(zhan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)于西副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中端3+250米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)處伸(shen)入庫(ku)區內300米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),取水(shui)最低水(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)144.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),引水(shui)口底高(gao)程142.5米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),呈“八”字形,泵房內安(an)裝(zhuang)軸流泵5臺,設計日最大(da)提(ti)(ti)水(shui)能力(li)32萬噸。
紅(hong)旗泡水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)是大慶(qing)(qing)石油化(hua)工(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)及(ji)居民(min)生(sheng)活用水(shui)(shui)的(de)重要水(shui)(shui)源地,其中大慶(qing)(qing)石化(hua)總廠總用水(shui)(shui)量的(de)98%來(lai)自(zi)該水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)。紅(hong)旗泡水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)一直(zhi)是險(xian)庫(ku)(ku)(ku),庫(ku)(ku)(ku)岸經(jing)常出現滑(hua)坡(po)等險(xian)情,其中最大一次險(xian)情發(fa)生(sheng)在1991年,泄(xie)水(shui)(shui)閘東側的(de)滑(hua)坡(po)險(xian)些造成(cheng)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)潰壩(ba)。1996年7月(yue)18日水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)(ku)進行(xing)除險(xian)加固工(gong)程(cheng)建設,于1998年6月(yue)30日竣工(gong),保證了石油化(hua)工(gong)生(sheng)產(chan)用水(shui)(shui)及(ji)居民(min)生(sheng)活用水(shui)(shui)安全。
紅旗(qi)泡水庫(ku)水面(mian)遼闊,南北長7.5千(qian)米(mi),東西寬6.5千(qian)米(mi),水面(mian)面(mian)積為35平方千(qian)米(mi)。庫(ku)區內(nei)有一個天然小(xiao)(xiao)島(dao)——仙(xian)人島(dao),面(mian)積約1平方千(qian)米(mi)。小(xiao)(xiao)島(dao)似一枚(mei)蚌含珍珠,枯水期(qi)游人可涉水進(jin)入(ru),豐水期(qi)乘舟進(jin)入(ru)仙(xian)境般(ban)的小(xiao)(xiao)島(dao)。島(dao)上森林密布、蘆葦豐厚、溪流(liu)清澈,頑石露頭(tou)。據不完全統計,水庫(ku)中有魚(yu)類40多種,有人們熟悉(xi)的鯉魚(yu)、鯽魚(yu)等,又有被(bei)稱為“三花”的名(ming)貴魚(yu)種鰲花、鳊花、吉花。
水庫樞紐
紅旗泡(pao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫樞紐工程包括(kuo):大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)、泄(xie)(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)。此外(wai)有(you)大(da)(da)慶市所屬(shu)大(da)(da)型抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)泵站1處。大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)為均質(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),全(quan)(quan)長(chang)16.67公里,分主(zhu)(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)和東(dong)、西副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)。主(zhu)(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)長(chang)3478米(mi)(mi),最(zui)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高5.36米(mi)(mi),迎水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)坡(po)(po)為渣(zha)油混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)8厘(li)米(mi)(mi)墊層,5厘(li)米(mi)(mi)厚(hou)(hou)瀝(li)青砂(sha)漿坐漿。上層用30×25×25立(li)方厘(li)米(mi)(mi)的料石護(hu)(hu)砌(qi),縫(feng)隙灌注(zhu)瀝(li)青砂(sha)漿。西副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)全(quan)(quan)長(chang)9445米(mi)(mi),最(zui)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高3.71米(mi)(mi),迎水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)有(you)5080米(mi)(mi)長(chang)直接采用20厘(li)米(mi)(mi)厚(hou)(hou)的渣(zha)油混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)護(hu)(hu)坡(po)(po),其余為土(tu)(tu)(tu)緩坡(po)(po),草皮護(hu)(hu)砌(qi)。東(dong)副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)全(quan)(quan)長(chang)3750米(mi)(mi),最(zui)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高2.5米(mi)(mi),迎水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)少部(bu)分采用厚(hou)(hou)度15厘(li)米(mi)(mi)渣(zha)油混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)護(hu)(hu)砌(qi),大(da)(da)部(bu)分是土(tu)(tu)(tu)緩坡(po)(po),用草皮子護(hu)(hu)砌(qi)。進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)位于西副壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)北端,為4×2.2米(mi)(mi),2孔鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)整(zheng)體(ti)式閘(zha),最(zui)大(da)(da)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量20立(li)方米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)。泄(xie)(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)位于庫南主(zhu)(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中間(jian)偏西部(bu)位,為2孔4×4米(mi)(mi)鋼(gang)筋(jin)混(hun)(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)整(zheng)體(ti)式閘(zha),最(zui)大(da)(da)泄(xie)(xie)流(liu)量70立(li)方米(mi)(mi)/秒(miao)。泄(xie)(xie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)通(tong)過尾水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)渠注(zhu)入(ru)(ru)北二十里泡(pao),進(jin)入(ru)(ru)閉流(liu)區排水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系統,而后(hou)泄(xie)(xie)入(ru)(ru)松花江。
水庫建設
紅旗泡水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)由(you)(you)(you)省水(shui)(shui)(shui)利勘測設(she)計(ji)院設(she)計(ji),1972年9月開(kai)始施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),1974年9月竣工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。土壩工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)由(you)(you)(you)松(song)花江地區11個(ge)縣的民兵團(tuan)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),進水(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)和(he)(he)泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)由(you)(you)(you)省水(shui)(shui)(shui)利第(di)五工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)處施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。國家(jia)共投資(zi)1078萬(wan)元。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)建(jian)成后,1976—1977年對(dui)西副壩渣(zha)油混凝土護(hu)坡出現的裂(lie)縫和(he)(he)部(bu)分洞(dong)穴進行了維(wei)修。增加10厘(li)米(mi)的混凝土板(ban)護(hu)砌,用渣(zha)油瀝青砂漿灌注,護(hu)砌到設(she)計(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位。紅旗泡水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)由(you)(you)(you)省北部(bu)引(yin)嫩(nen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)管理處紅旗泡水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)管理所管理,設(she)計(ji)日(ri)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)30萬(wan)噸(dun),年凈供水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)1.09億立方(fang)米(mi)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)為年調(diao)節,工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業要求(qiu)常(chang)年不(bu)間(jian)斷(duan)供水(shui)(shui)(shui),在(zai)運用上春、夏、秋(qiu)三季隨(sui)來(lai)隨(sui)用,冰(bing)凍期采取10月末以(yi)前(qian)蓄(xu)滿水(shui)(shui)(shui),去掉冰(bing)層和(he)(he)死庫(ku)(ku)容,滿足6個(ge)月結冰(bing)期的化工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)生產(chan)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)建(jian)成后未達(da)到設(she)計(ji)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)。1980年以(yi)前(qian)日(ri)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)8萬(wan)立方(fang)米(mi),1985年日(ri)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)達(da)到15—20萬(wan)立方(fang)米(mi)。每年征(zheng)收水(shui)(shui)(shui)費182萬(wan)元。