水庫概況
黑龍(long)江省北部(bu)北引榘道(dao)的一座大(da)(da)型反調節(jie)平原水庫(ku)(ku),位于黑龍(long)江省安(an)達(da)市(shi)與大(da)(da)慶市(shi)龍(long)鳳(feng)(feng)區結合部(bu),距安(an)達(da)市(shi)區東北約2 5千(qian)米,距大(da)(da)慶市(shi)龍(long)鳳(feng)(feng)區東約12.5千(qian)米,總庫(ku)(ku)容1.16億立方(fang)米。工程于1972年9月動工,1974年9月竣(jun)工蓄水。
水(shui)庫區(qu)域屬中溫帶大(da)陸(lu)性季(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou)區(qu),冬季(ji)嚴寒而漫長,春(chun)季(ji)干旱(han)多(duo)大(da)風,夏(xia)季(ji)高溫而多(duo)雨(yu),秋季(ji)涼(liang)爽短促。多(duo)年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫3.3攝(she)氏(shi)度(du),最(zui)低氣(qi)溫出(chu)現(xian)在1月(yue)為一3r7.2攝(she)氏(shi)度(du),最(zui)高氣(qi)溫出(chu)現(xian)在7月(yue),為38.3攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)。多(duo)年平(ping)均(jun)年降水(shui)量為426毫米,多(duo)年平(ping)均(jun)年水(shui)面蒸發量為972毫米,最(zui)大(da)凍土深2.14米。
水庫壩址(zhi)以上引(yin)水渠(qu)道(dao)長242.745千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi)(其中(zhong)總干(gan)渠(qu)長203.315千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi),薩爾圖分干(gan)渠(qu)長39.43千(qian)(qian)米(mi)(mi))。多年平均年引(yin)水量為4.65億立(li)方米(mi)(mi),年平均輸沙量12.33萬噸,水質達到(dao)Ⅱ類水標準。
工程主(zhu)要由土(tu)(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、溢洪道(dao)、進水(shui)(shui)閘(zha)和提(ti)水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)站組成。土(tu)(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)包(bao)括(kuo)主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)、西(xi)副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)和東副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),全系均質土(tu)(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba),全長16.67千米(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)大(da)(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)高5.36米(mi)(mi)(mi),頂寬3米(mi)(mi)(mi),主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高程為(wei)150.95米(mi)(mi)(mi),副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)頂高程為(wei)149米(mi)(mi)(mi)。主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)址位(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)安達(da)市(shi)種牛場(chang)(chang),副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)位(wei)(wei)(wei)置涉(she)及大(da)(da)慶市(shi)乙烯農場(chang)(chang),大(da)(da)慶市(shi)農工商集團的(de)一分(fen)(fen)場(chang)(chang)、五分(fen)(fen)場(chang)(chang)。溢洪道(dao)位(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)主(zhu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)西(xi)側(ce)9+945米(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu),其(qi)結構型(xing)式(shi)為(wei)鋼筋(jin)(jin)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)閘(zha)、橋(qiao)整體式(shi),2孔(kong)(kong),每(mei)孔(kong)(kong)凈寬為(wei)4米(mi)(mi)(mi),裝(zhuang)有2扇平板鋼閘(zha)門(men),尺(chi)寸4.36米(mi)(mi)(mi)×2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),最(zui)大(da)(da)泄流量(liang)70立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)秒。進水(shui)(shui)閘(zha)位(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)西(xi)副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)北端,薩爾(er)圖(tu)分(fen)(fen)干渠(qu)末端39+450千米(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu),其(qi)結構型(xing)式(shi)為(wei)鋼筋(jin)(jin)混凝(ning)土(tu)(tu)閘(zha)橋(qiao)整體式(shi),2孔(kong)(kong),每(mei)孔(kong)(kong)凈寬4米(mi)(mi)(mi)。閘(zha)門(men)型(xing)式(shi)為(wei)平板鋼閘(zha)門(men),閘(zha)門(men)尺(chi)寸4.34米(mi)(mi)(mi)×2.2米(mi)(mi)(mi),設計引(yin)水(shui)(shui)流量(liang)為(wei)20.2立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)每(mei)秒。提(ti)水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)(beng)站位(wei)(wei)(wei)于(yu)西(xi)副(fu)(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)中(zhong)端3+250米(mi)(mi)(mi)處(chu)伸入(ru)庫區內300米(mi)(mi)(mi),取水(shui)(shui)最(zui)低(di)水(shui)(shui)位(wei)(wei)(wei)144.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),引(yin)水(shui)(shui)口底(di)高程142.5米(mi)(mi)(mi),呈“八(ba)”字形,泵(beng)(beng)房內安裝(zhuang)軸流泵(beng)(beng)5臺,設計日(ri)最(zui)大(da)(da)提(ti)水(shui)(shui)能力32萬噸。
紅旗泡(pao)水(shui)庫(ku)是大慶石(shi)油化(hua)(hua)工(gong)生(sheng)產及居(ju)民生(sheng)活用水(shui)的(de)重(zhong)要水(shui)源地,其(qi)中大慶石(shi)化(hua)(hua)總(zong)廠總(zong)用水(shui)量的(de)98%來自該水(shui)庫(ku)。紅旗泡(pao)水(shui)庫(ku)一直是險(xian)庫(ku),庫(ku)岸經常出(chu)現(xian)滑坡(po)等險(xian)情,其(qi)中最大一次險(xian)情發生(sheng)在1991年,泄(xie)水(shui)閘東側的(de)滑坡(po)險(xian)些造成(cheng)水(shui)庫(ku)潰壩。1996年7月18日(ri)水(shui)庫(ku)進行(xing)除險(xian)加(jia)固工(gong)程建設,于1998年6月30日(ri)竣工(gong),保證(zheng)了石(shi)油化(hua)(hua)工(gong)生(sheng)產用水(shui)及居(ju)民生(sheng)活用水(shui)安全(quan)。
紅旗泡水(shui)(shui)庫水(shui)(shui)面遼闊,南北(bei)長7.5千米,東西寬6.5千米,水(shui)(shui)面面積為(wei)35平方千米。庫區內有(you)(you)一個天然(ran)小(xiao)島(dao)——仙(xian)(xian)人(ren)島(dao),面積約(yue)1平方千米。小(xiao)島(dao)似(si)一枚(mei)蚌含珍珠,枯水(shui)(shui)期游人(ren)可(ke)涉水(shui)(shui)進入(ru),豐(feng)水(shui)(shui)期乘舟進入(ru)仙(xian)(xian)境(jing)般的(de)(de)小(xiao)島(dao)。島(dao)上森林密布、蘆(lu)葦豐(feng)厚、溪流清澈,頑石露頭。據(ju)不完全統計(ji),水(shui)(shui)庫中有(you)(you)魚(yu)(yu)類40多種,有(you)(you)人(ren)們(men)熟(shu)悉(xi)的(de)(de)鯉魚(yu)(yu)、鯽魚(yu)(yu)等,又有(you)(you)被(bei)稱為(wei)“三花(hua)”的(de)(de)名貴魚(yu)(yu)種鰲花(hua)、鳊花(hua)、吉花(hua)。
水庫樞紐
紅旗泡(pao)水(shui)庫樞紐工(gong)程包(bao)括:大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)、進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)閘(zha)、泄(xie)(xie)水(shui)閘(zha)。此外有大(da)慶(qing)市(shi)所(suo)屬(shu)大(da)型抽(chou)水(shui)泵站1處。大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)為(wei)(wei)均質土(tu)(tu)(tu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba),全長(chang)(chang)(chang)16.67公里,分(fen)主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)和東(dong)、西副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)。主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)長(chang)(chang)(chang)3478米(mi)(mi),最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高5.36米(mi)(mi),迎(ying)水(shui)面(mian)坡為(wei)(wei)渣油混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)8厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)墊層(ceng),5厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)厚瀝(li)青(qing)砂(sha)漿坐漿。上層(ceng)用30×25×25立方厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)的料石(shi)護砌(qi),縫隙(xi)灌注瀝(li)青(qing)砂(sha)漿。西副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)全長(chang)(chang)(chang)9445米(mi)(mi),最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高3.71米(mi)(mi),迎(ying)水(shui)面(mian)有5080米(mi)(mi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)直接(jie)采(cai)用20厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)厚的渣油混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)護坡,其余為(wei)(wei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)緩坡,草皮護砌(qi)。東(dong)副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)全長(chang)(chang)(chang)3750米(mi)(mi),最大(da)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)高2.5米(mi)(mi),迎(ying)水(shui)面(mian)少部(bu)分(fen)采(cai)用厚度15厘(li)(li)米(mi)(mi)渣油混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)護砌(qi),大(da)部(bu)分(fen)是土(tu)(tu)(tu)緩坡,用草皮子護砌(qi)。進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)閘(zha)位(wei)于西副(fu)壩(ba)(ba)(ba)北(bei)端,為(wei)(wei)4×2.2米(mi)(mi),2孔鋼筋混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)整體式閘(zha),最大(da)進(jin)(jin)(jin)水(shui)量(liang)(liang)20立方米(mi)(mi)/秒。泄(xie)(xie)水(shui)閘(zha)位(wei)于庫南主壩(ba)(ba)(ba)中間偏西部(bu)位(wei),為(wei)(wei)2孔4×4米(mi)(mi)鋼筋混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)(tu)整體式閘(zha),最大(da)泄(xie)(xie)流(liu)量(liang)(liang)70立方米(mi)(mi)/秒。泄(xie)(xie)水(shui)通過尾(wei)水(shui)渠注入北(bei)二十里泡(pao),進(jin)(jin)(jin)入閉(bi)流(liu)區排水(shui)系統,而后(hou)泄(xie)(xie)入松花江。
水庫建設
紅旗(qi)泡(pao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫工(gong)程(cheng)由(you)省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利勘測設(she)計(ji)院設(she)計(ji),1972年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月開始施工(gong),1974年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月竣工(gong)。土壩工(gong)程(cheng)由(you)松花江地區11個縣(xian)的民兵團(tuan)施工(gong),進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)和(he)泄水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)由(you)省(sheng)(sheng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)利第五工(gong)程(cheng)處施工(gong)。國家共(gong)投資1078萬(wan)元(yuan)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫建成后(hou),1976—1977年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)對(dui)西副壩渣(zha)油(you)混凝土護(hu)坡出現的裂縫(feng)和(he)部分洞穴進(jin)行了維修。增加10厘米的混凝土板護(hu)砌(qi)(qi),用(yong)渣(zha)油(you)瀝青砂漿灌(guan)注,護(hu)砌(qi)(qi)到設(she)計(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位。紅旗(qi)泡(pao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫由(you)省(sheng)(sheng)北部引嫩工(gong)程(cheng)管理處紅旗(qi)泡(pao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫管理所管理,設(she)計(ji)日(ri)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)30萬(wan)噸,年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)凈供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)1.09億(yi)立(li)(li)方米。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫為年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)調節,工(gong)業(ye)要求常年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)不間斷(duan)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),在運(yun)用(yong)上春、夏、秋三季隨(sui)來隨(sui)用(yong),冰(bing)凍期采(cai)取(qu)10月末以前(qian)蓄滿水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),去掉冰(bing)層(ceng)和(he)死(si)庫容,滿足6個月結冰(bing)期的化工(gong)生產用(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫建成后(hou)未達到設(she)計(ji)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)。1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以前(qian)日(ri)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)8萬(wan)立(li)(li)方米,1985年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)日(ri)供水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)達到15—20萬(wan)立(li)(li)方米。每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)征收水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)費182萬(wan)元(yuan)。