黑山(shan)頭(tou)古(gu)城位(wei)于額(e)爾古(gu)納(na)右旗根河、得(de)爾布(bu)爾河注入額(e)爾古(gu)納(na)河間沼澤地(di)東部(bu)臺地(di)上,它背山(shan)面(mian)水,正當(dang)大興安嶺山(shan)地(di)與呼倫貝爾草原交接之處(chu)。黑山(shan)頭(tou)古(gu)城南臨根河,北倚(yi)得(de)爾布(bu)爾河,地(di)勢(shi)險要,可攻可守(shou)(shou),是古(gu)代扼守(shou)(shou)草原北方的門戶(hu),進出(chu)草原的咽喉。古(gu)城在黑山(shan)頭(tou)西北約10公里(li)處(chu),因地(di)處(chu)黑山(shan)頭(tou)而得(de)名。整個遺址(zhi)呈(cheng)“干(gan)”字(zi)狀,地(di)面(mian)的花崗(gang)巖圓形柱(zhu)礎(chu)排列有序,間距4米,琉(liu)璃瓦、青磚、龍紋(wen)瓦當(dang)和(he)綠釉覆盆殘片俯拾皆是。
黑山(shan)頭古城位于額爾古納右旗根河(he)、得爾布爾河(he)注入(ru)額爾古納河(he)間沼澤地(di)東部臺地(di)上,它背(bei)山(shan)面水,正當(dang)大興安嶺山(shan)地(di)與呼倫(lun)貝爾草原(yuan)交接(jie)之處。
古城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)組成。外(wai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)呈方(fang)形,占地346290平方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)殘高(gao)1-2米(mi)(mi),高(gao)4米(mi)(mi)以上。墻(qiang)體頂寬(kuan)2米(mi)(mi),底寬(kuan)6米(mi)(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)外(wai)有(you)(you)(you)護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕,壕底寬(kuan)5-9米(mi)(mi),深(shen)1-2米(mi)(mi)。四(si)面(mian)(mian)均(jun)設(she)有(you)(you)(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門(men),門(men)垣寬(kuan)9-12米(mi)(mi)。門(men)外(wai)設(she)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)外(wai)每隔(ge)100米(mi)(mi)左右有(you)(you)(you)一馬面(mian)(mian),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)拐(guai)角處有(you)(you)(you)高(gao)大的(de)角樓突出(chu)于(yu)墻(qiang)垣之外(wai)。
內城處(chu)于外城中間偏西偏北位置,呈長(chang)方(fang)形,占地18871平(ping)方(fang)米,有(you)東(dong)西兩座(zuo)小門,城外亦有(you)壕(hao)。
景(jing)(jing)(jing)區現狀(zhuang): 黑山頭古(gu)城景(jing)(jing)(jing)區距(ju)內(nei)蒙古(gu)額爾(er)古(gu)納市(shi)黑山頭鎮北10公里,位于根河(he)(he)(he)、得耳布爾(er)河(he)(he)(he)注(zhu)入(ru)(ru)額爾(er)古(gu)納河(he)(he)(he)入(ru)(ru)口處的東部沼澤臺地上(shang),三面環(huan)(huan)山,一(yi)面環(huan)(huan)水(shui),經(jing)過多(duo)年精心(xin)管(guan)護、合理建設,已經(jing)形成一(yi)處具有豐富文化內(nei)涵旅游景(jing)(jing)(jing)區。
古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)是景(jing)區的(de)(de)(de)核心,分內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)均為(wei)土筑(zhu)。其(qi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)坐北朝南,氣勢宏偉。外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)呈方形,周長2.35公里,占(zhan)(zhan)地346290平方米(mi)。內(nei)(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)處于外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)中間(jian)偏西(xi)偏北位(wei)置,呈長方形,周長560米(mi),占(zhan)(zhan)地18871平方米(mi),有(you)(you)(you)東西(xi)兩座(zuo)小門,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)外亦有(you)(you)(you)壕。整個(ge)建筑(zhu)呈“干”字(zi)狀,址(zhi)內(nei)(nei)花崗巖圓形柱(zhu)礎排(pai)列(lie)有(you)(you)(you)序,間(jian)距(ju)4米(mi),址(zhi)內(nei)(nei)琉(liu)璃瓦、青磚、龍紋瓦當和綠釉(you)覆盆殘(can)片俯拾皆是。有(you)(you)(you)記載考證該古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是蒙古(gu)汗國時期,成吉思汗大弟拙赤? 哈撒爾王的(de)(de)(de)封地。黑山頭“古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)”對研(yan)究(jiu)額(e)爾古(gu)納市歷史的(de)(de)(de)沿(yan)革、考證具有(you)(you)(you)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)價值(zhi)和意義。也(ye)是人們尋古(gu)探幽、祭(ji)拜祖先(xian),體驗蒙古(gu)民族生活習(xi)俗的(de)(de)(de)旅(lv)游勝地。
在(zai)“古(gu)城遺址(zhi)”北約100 米處,有一座30米高的(de)土(tu)丘(qiu),熟(shu)悉蒙(meng)古(gu)族(zu)文(wen)化(hua)習(xi)俗的(de)人們一看便(bian)知,這是一座 “敖(ao)(ao)包(bao)山”,“敖(ao)(ao)包(bao)”蒙(meng)古(gu)語,漢(han)譯為(wei)用(yong)土(tu)或石(shi)塊(kuai)堆成的(de)堆子,早是因為(wei)草原坦蕩無垠,牧民們用(yong)來指示方向(xiang)的(de)路標(biao)。后來,漸(jian)漸(jian)的(de)演變成祭祀山神(shen)和路神(shen)的(de)地方。
據傳說在這(zhe)里成吉思汗率領(ling)乞彥(yan)部(bu)族(zu)騎士,曾經(jing)在此地舉行過出征儀式(shi),向祖(zu)(zu)先立下(xia)了振興部(bu)族(zu)的(de)誓言。現(xian)在,牧(mu)民或(huo)路人(ren)從(cong)此地經(jing)過時(shi),仍常(chang)常(chang)會停(ting)車下(xia)馬,往“敖(ao)包(bao)(bao)”上(shang)擺上(shang)一(yi)塊石頭(tou)或(huo)是拴一(yi)個布條以示對祖(zu)(zu)先的(de)祭(ji)拜(bai),祈求“敖(ao)包(bao)(bao)”給自己和家人(ren)帶(dai)來一(yi)生的(de)平(ping)安和幸福。目前山頂上(shang)復建由49個敖(ao)包(bao)(bao)組(zu)成的(de)敖(ao)包(bao)(bao)群(qun),用以祭(ji)祀(si)草原的(de)圣神——騰格里,形成了呼倫(lun)貝(bei)爾大的(de)“敖(ao)包(bao)(bao)”祭(ji)祀(si)區。
游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)服務(wu)中心是一處旅游(you)(you)(you)服務(wu)設施(shi),由旅游(you)(you)(you)購物區、歌舞(wu)表(biao)演區、射箭場等部分組成,向游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)提供旅游(you)(you)(you)服務(wu)。游(you)(you)(you)客(ke)可以在這里購到傳統正宗的草(cao)(cao)原游(you)(you)(you)牧(mu)民(min)族(zu)的工藝品(pin),可以欣賞到草(cao)(cao)原游(you)(you)(you)牧(mu)民(min)族(zu)優美的歌舞(wu)表(biao)演,可以體驗到蒙古鐵(tie)騎縱橫歐亞大地的豪邁感(gan)覺。
黑山頭(tou)古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)位于額爾(er)古(gu)納市(shi)黑山頭(tou)西(xi)北約10公(gong)里(li)處(chu)。有記(ji)載稱該古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是(shi)蒙(meng)古(gu)汗國(guo)時(shi)期,成吉思汗大弟(di)拙赤哈薩爾(er)王的封地。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻均(jun)為土筑。外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)呈(cheng)方形(xing),周長2.35公(gong)里(li)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻殘高1-2米(mi),高處(chu)在4米(mi)以上;墻體頂寬2米(mi),底(di)寬6米(mi)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻外有護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壕,壕底(di)寬5-9米(mi),深1-2米(mi)。