歷史資料
這座大院(yuan)(yuan)位于上(shang)新街51號(hao),全(quan)稱“世界紅萬字會濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)母院(yuan)(yuan)”,又(you)稱“濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)”。據悉,濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)1921年(nian)由濱(bin)州(zhou)人杜秉賓等(deng)在(zai)濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)創建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de),會員主(zhu)要是(shi)軍閥、官紳等(deng)。辦會宗旨以道(dao)(dao)教(jiao)為主(zhu),信奉自己所創造、能超越(yue)各宗教(jiao)的(de)(de)所謂"老祖"。因主(zhu)張儒、道(dao)(dao)、佛、伊斯蘭(lan)、天主(zhu)教(jiao)五(wu)教(jiao)合一并從事慈善活動,勢(shi)力(li)得到迅速發展。至1939年(nian)國(guo)內各地建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)436處,在(zai)香港、神戶、新加(jia)坡(po)等(deng)地建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)修道(dao)(dao)點200余處。濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)因是(shi)始創地故(gu)被奉為總部(bu)和母院(yuan)(yuan)。 濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)(nan)近代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)仿(fang)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群。始建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于1934年(nian),1942年(nian)竣工,整組建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)南(nan)(nan)北軸線長215米(mi),東西(xi)寬65米(mi),占地面積13975平(ping)方米(mi),主(zhu)要建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)面積4284平(ping)方米(mi)。道(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)采(cai)用中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)傳(chuan)(chuan)統的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)布局手(shou)(shou)法,前后共有四進院(yuan)(yuan)落(luo),沿中(zhong)(zhong)軸線依(yi)次(ci)為照壁、正門(men)、前廳、正殿、辰光閣等(deng)主(zhu)要建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),兩(liang)側東西(xi)廂房以廊相(xiang)(xiang)連。門(men)前照壁寬36米(mi),基(ji)厚2米(mi),通高(gao)約10米(mi),底部(bu)為石砌須彌座,壁心嵌高(gao)浮雕(diao)琉(liu)璃盆景,盆體(ti)篆有“吉祥”字樣。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)布局得當,主(zhu)次(ci)分明。舊址采(cai)用傳(chuan)(chuan)統建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)手(shou)(shou)法,主(zhu)體(ti)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)屋架(jia)結(jie)構,斗拱均采(cai)用清式大木作手(shou)(shou)法,但均為混(hun)凝(ning)土結(jie)構,是(shi)一座以宮殿與廟宇混(hun)合組成(cheng)的(de)(de)仿(fang)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)群,是(shi)古代(dai)傳(chuan)(chuan)統建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形式與現代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)技術、材(cai)料相(xiang)(xiang)結(jie)合的(de)(de)范例。
濟南(nan)(nan)(nan)道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之所以(yi)(yi)發(fa)展迅猛,關鍵(jian)在于其(qi)先后(hou)得到北洋政府(fu)和國民黨(dang)政府(fu)的(de)(de)承認(ren)。道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對外高舉(ju)世界紅(hong)卍字會的(de)(de)慈善(shan)大(da)旗(qi),在民間也得到充分認(ren)可。濟南(nan)(nan)(nan)乃至中國近現代史上(shang)的(de)(de)諸多大(da)事,都(dou)能(neng)看到濟南(nan)(nan)(nan)道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)介入(ru)。如1928年(nian)五(wu)三(san)慘案發(fa)生(sheng)后(hou),道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)(yi)紅(hong)卍字會之名進行救濟活動。1932年(nian),濟南(nan)(nan)(nan)道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)召開道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)12年(nian)立道(dao)大(da)會。濟南(nan)(nan)(nan)道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)宏偉建(jian)(jian)筑,就是根據(ju)這(zhe)次大(da)會上(shang)所作的(de)(de)為母院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)固道(dao)基之決議案而募捐(juan)建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)的(de)(de)。捐(juan)款自1933-1943年(nian),總(zong)額多達230萬元。據(ju)說日偽(wei)期間,善(shan)男信女問老祖何時抗戰勝(sheng)利、重(zhong)見天(tian)日,老祖回答:道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)全部(bu)落成(cheng),日本(ben)人就會撤離(li)濟南(nan)(nan)(nan)。為了使這(zhe)句(ju)話免(mian)得落空,道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后(hou)的(de)(de)“晨光閣(ge)”全部(bu)落成(cheng)后(hou),一直(zhi)沒有粉刷(shua)……
1937年,韓(han)復榘不戰(zhan)(zhan)而退,濟南(nan)道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)與歷(li)城道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)的頭目何仲(zhong)起、張(zhang)星(xing)五、王露洪等聯合濟南(nan)商(shang)界紳商(shang)郊迎日(ri)寇(kou)入(ru)城。不少道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)的重要(yao)人物都(dou)出來擔任了偽職,像唐仰杜做了偽山東(dong)省(sheng)長(chang),張(zhang)星(xing)五做了偽民政(zheng)廳(ting)長(chang),成逸安(an)做了偽道(dao)尹(yin)。抗戰(zhan)(zhan)勝利后,濟南(nan)道(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)與紅(hong)卍字會(hui)仍(reng)安(an)然無恙,大概1950年以后,人民政(zheng)府才(cai)解散了這個組織。1948年紅(hong)卐會(hui)被取締(di)后,該(gai)建筑群被山東(dong)省(sheng)古代文物管(guan)理委員會(hui)接(jie)管(guan)。1956年后,為(wei)山東(dong)省(sheng)博物館陳列室(shi)。1995年山東(dong)省(sheng)文物考古研究(jiu)所移駐該(gai)院(yuan)(yuan)。
世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)是(shi)(shi)(shi)源起(qi)濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)的(de)近(jin)代(dai)中國大型民間(jian)慈(ci)(ci)善(shan)組織,它根源于(yu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)。濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)1921年(nian)(nian)由(you)濱州人(ren)杜秉賓(bin)等在(zai)濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)創(chuang)建(jian)(jian)的(de),會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)員主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)軍(jun)閥。官紳。辦會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)宗(zong)旨以(yi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)教為主(zhu),信奉自(zi)己(ji)所創(chuang)造(zao),能超越各宗(zong)教的(de)所謂“太乙(yi)先天老祖”。主(zhu)張儒(ru)、道(dao)(dao)(dao)、佛(fo)、伊斯蘭、天主(zhu)教,五教合一(yi),并從事(shi)慈(ci)(ci)善(shan)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)。因官方(fang)支持,勢力得到迅速發展。至(zhi)1939年(nian)(nian),國內各地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)436處(chu)(chu),香港(gang)、日本、新加坡等地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)。修(xiu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)點200余處(chu)(chu)。濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)因是(shi)(shi)(shi)始創(chuang)地(di)(di)(di),故被奉為總部和母院(yuan)(yuan)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)德(de)社和世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)下(xia)(xia)(xia)屬(shu)機構。紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)所有會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)員均(jun)系道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)中人(ren)。世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)二而為一(yi)的(de)組織,對(dui)外稱世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),對(dui)內稱道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)。道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)既(ji)萌生于(yu)前,又統攝于(yu)后。道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)成立后不(bu)(bu)(bu)久(jiu),世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)籌備會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)于(yu)1922年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)在(zai)濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)大明(ming)湖召(zhao)開。后經北京政(zheng)府內務部審批備案,世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)中華(hua)總會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)于(yu)1922年(nian)(nian)在(zai)北京正(zheng)式成立。世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)以(yi)“促進世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)和平,救(jiu)濟(ji)(ji)災(zai)患”為宗(zong)旨,隨即在(zai)全國各地(di)(di)(di)設置分會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),逐(zhu)漸構建(jian)(jian)起(qi)遍布全國,且遠(yuan)及海外的(de)慈(ci)(ci)善(shan)救(jiu)濟(ji)(ji)網(wang)絡。從網(wang)上(shang)很(hen)多資(zi)料(liao)可以(yi)看出(chu)(chu),世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)當(dang)年(nian)(nian)與(yu)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)十字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和華(hua)洋(yang)義(yi)賑(zhen)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)相比,絲毫不(bu)(bu)(bu)落下(xia)(xia)(xia)風。雖然(ran)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)在(zai)資(zi)金籌募方(fang)面(mian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)如這(zhe)兩個(ge)團體(ti)有國際渠道(dao)(dao)(dao),但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)的(de)救(jiu)濟(ji)(ji)范圍。賑(zhen)災(zai)力度(du)均(jun)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)超出(chu)(chu)以(yi)上(shang)兩個(ge)。近(jin)代(dai)中國大型民間(jian)慈(ci)(ci)善(shan)組織的(de)稱謂,世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)當(dang)之(zhi)無愧。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)領導人(ren),在(zai)日偽占(zhan)領期間(jian)的(de)親日媚骨,留(liu)下(xia)(xia)(xia)其(qi)歷(li)史上(shang)極不(bu)(bu)(bu)光(guang)彩的(de)一(yi)面(mian)。1937年(nian)(nian),韓復榘不(bu)(bu)(bu)戰而逃(tao)。濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)和歷(li)城道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)頭目(mu)聯合商(shang)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)迎日寇(kou)入城,不(bu)(bu)(bu)少道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)人(ren)物都出(chu)(chu)來擔(dan)任(ren)了(le)(le)偽職。抗(kang)戰勝利(li)后,濟(ji)(ji)南(nan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)院(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)仍安然(ran)無恙。解(jie)放后,世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)作為反動(dong)(dong)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)道(dao)(dao)(dao)門處(chu)(chu)理(li),但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)民政(zheng)府包辦了(le)(le)一(yi)切社會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)事(shi)業,使這(zhe)個(ge)民間(jian)慈(ci)(ci)善(shan)組織失去了(le)(le)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)空間(jian)。在(zai)此情況(kuang)下(xia)(xia)(xia),1953年(nian)(nian)2月(yue),世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)在(zai)《人(ren)民日報》發表聲(sheng)明(ming),宣布自(zi)行解(jie)散。隨后,在(zai)大陸的(de)各地(di)(di)(di)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui),接連發布解(jie)散聲(sheng)明(ming)。至(zhi)此,世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)紅(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)退出(chu)(chu)大陸歷(li)史舞臺。