陽谷(gu)景陽崗遺址出土的(de)(de)(de)龍山(shan)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺物具(ju)有明顯的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)性。在陶(tao)器(qi)中,以灰陶(tao)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),黑陶(tao)較少,紅褐陶(tao)占有一(yi)定比例。紋(wen)(wen)飾(shi)以素面為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),有較多的(de)(de)(de)籃紋(wen)(wen)、繩(sheng)紋(wen)(wen)、方(fang)格紋(wen)(wen)。器(qi)類以盆、罐、豆、盒、甕為(wei)常見,鼎、鬲(li)較少,以罐作為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)炊器(qi)之一(yi),鬲(li)部飾(shi)繩(sheng)紋(wen)(wen),具(ju)有許多異(yi)(yi)于典型龍山(shan)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。上述特(te)征(zheng)顯示這個地(di)區的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)面貌(mao)即與(yu)魯北地(di)區龍山(shan)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)城子崖類型有一(yi)定差異(yi)(yi),更與(yu)中原(yuan)龍山(shan)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)不(bu)同,但與(yu)它們存在密切(qie)的(de)(de)(de)聯系,似乎代表(biao)海岱地(di)區龍山(shan)文(wen)化(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個地(di)方(fang)類型,也為(wei)中原(yuan)與(yu)海岱文(wen)化(hua)(hua)區的(de)(de)(de)關系研究提供了(le)新資料(liao)。
在遺址(zhi)(zhi)北部(bu)(bu)清(qing)理(li)出(chu)(chu)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)灰坑1 個(ge)(ge)、春秋墓(mu)(mu)1座。灰坑剖面(mian)(mian)有清(qing)晰(xi)的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)層(ceng),堆積(ji)厚約(yue)1.5米(mi)。上(shang)(shang)層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)耕土(tu),呈灰褐色(se),陶片(pian)、獸骨(gu)遍布;耕土(tu)層(ceng)下(xia)為(wei)(wei)(wei)漢代、商周(zhou)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)層(ceng);最下(xia)層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)堆積(ji)。出(chu)(chu)土(tu)了(le)大量(liang)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)晚期的(de)(de)(de)遺物(wu),多為(wei)(wei)(wei)生(sheng)活器皿(min)。灰坑底部(bu)(bu)發(fa)現(xian)一(yi)完(wan)整(zheng)牛骨(gu)架,似為(wei)(wei)(wei)祭(ji)(ji)品,對(dui)(dui)古代家(jia)畜(chu)飼養的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)源、馴用、牲畜(chu)祭(ji)(ji)祀的(de)(de)(de)研究具(ju)有重(zhong)要意義。另外(wai),還(huan)采集有小(xiao)(xiao)骨(gu)針、蚌刀、石刀、石斧等(deng)。春秋墓(mu)(mu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)長(chang)(chang)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)土(tu)坑豎穴墓(mu)(mu)。東西(xi)長(chang)(chang)3.5米(mi),南北寬(kuan)(kuan)2米(mi),殘(can)(can)深3.2米(mi)。墓(mu)(mu)底中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)有一(yi)長(chang)(chang)方(fang)形(xing)(xing)腰坑,坑內(nei)殉狗一(yi)只,頭向東。墓(mu)(mu)內(nei)出(chu)(chu)土(tu)遺物(wu)有陶、銅、骨(gu)器等(deng)共1770余(yu)(yu)件。1994年,聊城(cheng)(cheng)地(di)區(qu)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)管理(li)委(wei)員會(hui)組織(zhi)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)勘探隊(dui)在配(pei)合(he)陽谷(gu)縣景陽岡(gang)公園開發(fa)建設工(gong)(gong)程中(zhong)又發(fa)現(xian)一(yi)座龍(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)。城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)近似橢(tuo)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),東北——西(xi)南走向,西(xi)端較窄(zhai),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)弧形(xing)(xing)凸(tu)出(chu)(chu),南北長(chang)(chang)約(yue)1150米(mi),北端寬(kuan)(kuan)約(yue)230米(mi),南端寬(kuan)(kuan)約(yue)330米(mi),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)最寬(kuan)(kuan)處約(yue)400米(mi),總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)約(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)35萬(wan)平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)。同(tong)年底至1996年冬,山(shan)(shan)東省文(wen)(wen)物(wu)考古研究所與(yu)(yu)聊城(cheng)(cheng)地(di)區(qu)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)管理(li)委(wei)員會(hui)又聯合(he)對(dui)(dui)其進(jin)行了(le)鉆(zhan)探、試掘(jue)工(gong)(gong)作,發(fa)掘(jue)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1200平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)。經挖掘(jue)發(fa)現(xian),地(di)面(mian)(mian)已無城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)遺跡(ji),地(di)下(xia)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)保存完(wan)好。古城(cheng)(cheng)遺址(zhi)(zhi)東北角現(xian)有南北向水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)穿(chuan)過(guo),從水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)西(xi)壁可見耕土(tu)下(xia)即有岳石文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)殘(can)(can)基(ji),其外(wai)側被(bei)東周(zhou)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)殘(can)(can)基(ji)打(da)破(po)。岳石文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)殘(can)(can)垣(yuan)(yuan)下(xia)壓(ya)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan),其頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)到(dao)水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)底高1米(mi)余(yu)(yu),渠(qu)(qu)(qu)底見水(shui)(shui),無法鉆(zhan)探,估計渠(qu)(qu)(qu)底以下(xia)還(huan)會(hui)有數(shu)類以上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)。水(shui)(shui)渠(qu)(qu)(qu)壁上(shang)(shang)暴露的(de)(de)(de)龍(long)山(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)側夯層(ceng)向里傾斜,夯層(ceng)較厚,不規整(zheng),城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)外(wai)壁陡直(zhi),打(da)破(po)內(nei)側城(cheng)(cheng)垣(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)灰坑,屬于龍(long)山(shan)(shan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)中(zhong)晚期。城(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)心處并存大小(xiao)(xiao)兩個(ge)(ge)利(li)用原(yuan)自然岡(gang)丘經部(bu)(bu)分加工(gong)(gong)而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)臺(tai)址(zhi)(zhi)。大、小(xiao)(xiao)臺(tai)址(zhi)(zhi)分上(shang)(shang)、下(xia)兩層(ceng),下(xia)層(ceng)主(zhu)要用純凈黃(huang)褐面(mian)(mian)沙土(tu)夯筑,上(shang)(shang)層(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)灰花土(tu)筑成(cheng)。夯具(ju)分圓(yuan)棍(gun)夯與(yu)(yu)石器夯,夯窩明顯(xian),夯面(mian)(mian)清(qing)楚。
陽(yang)(yang)(yang)谷景陽(yang)(yang)(yang)崗遺址是(shi)魯(lu)西(xi)北地區發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)龍(long)山(shan)文(wen)化城址,其規(gui)模(mo)大(da)、規(gui)格高,在全國亦屬罕(han)見。城內(nei)大(da)、小(xiao)臺(tai)基布局(ju)清(qing)楚,又在小(xiao)臺(tai)基上發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了祭祀遺存,這(zhe)些都(dou)為研究龍(long)山(shan)時期城市(shi)結構、功能(neng)及社會形(xing)態(tai)提出(chu)(chu)了新的(de)課題(ti)和線索。有(you)部分專家(jia)認為這(zhe)里(li)可能(neng)是(shi)“舜(shun)都(dou)”。龍(long)山(shan)文(wen)化,因(yin)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)于山(shan)東(dong)章丘龍(long)山(shan)鎮而得名,距今(jin)約4350-3950年。龍(long)山(shan)文(wen)化陶器以灰陶為主,并燒出(chu)(chu)了薄如蛋殼(ke)的(de)黑陶器物,表面光亮如漆,是(shi)中(zhong)國制陶史上的(de)頂峰時期。龍(long)山(shan)文(wen)化遺址中(zhong)開(kai)始(shi)出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)長方形(xing)土臺(tai)式建(jian)筑(zhu),而且(qie)城址開(kai)始(shi)大(da)量出(chu)(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian),近(jin)年在聊城境內(nei)古濟(ji)水沿(yan)岸先后發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了以景陽(yang)(yang)(yang)崗、教場鋪為核心(xin)的(de)八座龍(long)山(shan)文(wen)化城址,形(xing)成了一個城址群(qun),這(zhe)表明當(dang)時已經開(kai)始(shi)跨(kua)入文(wen)明社會門(men)檻。
該城址1977年12月被(bei)山東省(sheng)人民政(zheng)府列為(wei)省(sheng)級重點(dian)文物保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單位,1995年被(bei)評為(wei)“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)十大考古新發現”提名獎(jiang),2001年6月被(bei)國(guo)(guo)務院(yuan)批準為(wei)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)重點(dian)文物保(bao)護(hu)(hu)單位。