霍州(zhou)觀音廟(miao)(第六批國(guo)保)
時代:元至清
地址:霍(huo)州市趙家莊村
2006年5月被定為(wei)第六(liu)批國家文物保護單位的(de)霍州觀音(yin)廟是(shi)集儒、釋、道為(wei)一體的(de)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)寺廟綜(zong)合建筑(zhu)。
簡介
儒(ru)家講(jiang)格物致知,誠(cheng)意正(zheng)心(xin)(xin);佛(fo)家講(jiang)明心(xin)(xin)見(jian)性,即(ji)心(xin)(xin)即(ji)佛(fo);道家講(jiang)返(fan)本歸(gui)真,清凈(jing)無為。三(san)者乃殊途(tu)同歸(gui),足見(jian)菩薩在(zai)大(da)眾心(xin)(xin)目中的(de)地位(wei)。此廟中土地殿規模雖小,但據歷史記載始建于(yu)宋代(dai),三(san)圣殿、山門(men)、觀音殿、過(guo)街(jie)閣(ge)樓、文昌閣(ge)等均創建于(yu)元(yuan)、明時期,后歷代(dai)屢有修葺(qi)。
構建特色
觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音廟(miao)(miao)院坐北朝南(nan),總體布(bu)局為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兩(liang)條平行軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian),符合了中國(guo)傳統的(de)對稱理念(nian)。其(qi)東軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)進(jin)院,軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)上(shang)分(fen)布(bu)有(you)(you)(you)山(shan)門(men)(men)、三圣(sheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),東側有(you)(you)(you)廂房(fang)、廊屋(wu)、耳殿(dian)(dian)(dian),東南(nan)角(jiao)二(er)層有(you)(you)(you)文(wen)昌閣(ge)(ge)。西(xi)軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兩(liang)進(jin)院,軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)上(shang)分(fen)布(bu)有(you)(you)(you)過(guo)街(jie)閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)、戲(xi)臺(tai)、過(guo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(分(fen)正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)和東西(xi)配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)),軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)西(xi)側分(fen)布(bu)有(you)(you)(you)廊屋(wu)。其(qi)三圣(sheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)與觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音殿(dian)(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)間建(jian)有(you)(you)(you)土地(di)(di)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。西(xi)北角(jiao)留有(you)(you)(you)便門(men)(men),平時(shi)進(jin)廟(miao)(miao)多走此門(men)(men),這是(shi)一(yi)座(zuo)典型的(de)正(zheng)方形(xing)廟(miao)(miao)宇,其(qi)莊嚴肅穆(mu)可見一(yi)斑。廟(miao)(miao)院南(nan)北總長47米(mi),東西(xi)寬(kuan)43米(mi),占地(di)(di)面積2021平方米(mi)。現存有(you)(you)(you)宋、元、明、清不同時(shi)期大小殿(dian)(dian)(dian)八座(zuo),均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)筒瓦(wa)硬山(shan)頂(ding)式建(jian)筑,琉(liu)璃瓦(wa)脊。西(xi)軸(zhou)線(xian)(xian)正(zheng)南(nan)元代(dai)(dai)過(guo)街(jie)閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)原為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“彘川鎮河”神龕(kan)閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou),坐北朝南(nan),全(quan)木(mu)(mu)結(jie)構(gou),底為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柱廊式過(guo)街(jie)通道,上(shang)鋪木(mu)(mu)板(ban),設柵欄(lan),神龕(kan)臺(tai)基。樓(lou)(lou)頂(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重檐歇山(shan)頂(ding),琉(liu)璃剪邊,灰(hui)瓦(wa)覆(fu)蓋。頂(ding)部正(zheng)吻題記“昊川雄鎮”四字(zi),閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)梁架結(jie)構(gou)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元代(dai)(dai)遺(yi)構(gou)。據大明嘉靖(jing)二(er)十(shi)二(er)年重修碑文(wen)記載:“……前(qian)樓(lou)(lou)一(yi)葺,形(xing)勢壯觀(guan)(guan)(guan),東距(ju)霍山(shan),西(xi)臨汾水(shui),北有(you)(you)(you)高崗(gang)之(zhi)(zhi)倚,南(nan)有(you)(you)(you)平川之(zhi)(zhi)望,喬木(mu)(mu)巍(wei)峨,陰木(mu)(mu)華蓋,雖盛暑之(zhi)(zhi)時(shi),涼風可以(yi)解(jie)吾心之(zhi)(zhi)慍(yun),野景可娛吾目之(zhi)(zhi)歡,誠(cheng)妥神之(zhi)(zhi)勝(sheng)地(di)(di),即(ji)郡廟(miao)(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)冠也(ye)。……”此閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)確實具有(you)(you)(you)很高的(de)歷(li)史(shi)、藝(yi)術(shu)和科學(xue)研(yan)究(jiu)價值。明初(chu),閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)北側建(jian)起一(yi)坐南(nan)向(xiang)北戲(xi)臺(tai),前(qian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卷棚頂(ding),用磚做基座(zuo)。戲(xi)臺(tai)與閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)緊(jin)(jin)緊(jin)(jin)相依,渾為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)體,組成戲(xi)臺(tai),名為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“賽(sai)蜃(shen)樓(lou)(lou)”。此后,閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)便作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音廟(miao)(miao)戲(xi)臺(tai)的(de)后臺(tai)而用。從元代(dai)(dai)以(yi)后為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歷(li)代(dai)(dai)掌(zhang)管水(shui)利(li)部門(men)(men)占用,一(yi)直到解(jie)放初(chu)期,解(jie)放后為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)學(xue)校所(suo)占,用至1994年,1994年以(yi)來,由(you)觀(guan)(guan)(guan)音廟(miao)(miao)義務(wu)保護小組管理。
解放初,廟內塑像被(bei)毀(hui),直到(dao)1995年(nian),由廣大(da)信(xin)眾集資重塑觀音(yin)(yin)菩(pu)薩、眼光菩(pu)薩、送子菩(pu)薩、藥(yao)師(shi)佛、關(guan)圣帝(di)君(jun)、玉(yu)皇大(da)帝(di)、利(li)市仙宮、東(dong)海龍(long)王、土地翁、婆、文昌帝(di)君(jun)等塑像,1998年(nian)又雕(diao)刻漢白(bai)玉(yu)觀音(yin)(yin)菩(pu)薩像一尊(zun),立于(yu)過殿,使觀音(yin)(yin)廟又恢(hui)復了往日的興旺景(jing)象。