霍(huo)州觀(guan)音廟(第六批國保)
時代:元至清
地址:霍州市(shi)趙家莊村
2006年5月被定為第六批國家文物(wu)保護單位(wei)的霍州觀音廟(miao)是集(ji)儒、釋、道為一體的典(dian)型(xing)的寺廟(miao)綜合(he)建(jian)筑。
簡介
儒家(jia)講(jiang)格物致知,誠意正心;佛(fo)家(jia)講(jiang)明心見性,即心即佛(fo);道家(jia)講(jiang)返本歸真(zhen),清(qing)凈無為。三者乃殊途同(tong)歸,足(zu)見菩薩(sa)在大眾心目(mu)中的(de)地位。此廟中土(tu)地殿規模雖小,但據(ju)歷史記(ji)載始(shi)建于(yu)宋(song)代,三圣(sheng)殿、山門(men)、觀音殿、過街閣(ge)(ge)樓、文(wen)昌(chang)閣(ge)(ge)等均創(chuang)建于(yu)元(yuan)、明時期,后(hou)歷代屢有(you)修(xiu)葺。
構建特色
觀(guan)(guan)音廟院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)坐(zuo)北(bei)朝(chao)南(nan)(nan),總體布(bu)局為(wei)兩條平行軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian),符合了中國傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)對稱理念。其東(dong)(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)上(shang)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)有(you)(you)山(shan)門、三圣殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),東(dong)(dong)側有(you)(you)廂房、廊屋、耳(er)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)角(jiao)二層(ceng)有(you)(you)文(wen)昌閣。西(xi)(xi)(xi)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)為(wei)兩進(jin)(jin)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)上(shang)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)有(you)(you)過街閣樓(lou)、戲臺(tai)、過殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、觀(guan)(guan)音殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(分(fen)(fen)正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)(he)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)),軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)(xi)側分(fen)(fen)布(bu)有(you)(you)廊屋。其三圣殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與觀(guan)(guan)音殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之(zhi)間建有(you)(you)土(tu)地殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)北(bei)角(jiao)留有(you)(you)便(bian)門,平時(shi)進(jin)(jin)廟多走此(ci)門,這是一(yi)(yi)座典型的(de)(de)正(zheng)方形廟宇(yu),其莊嚴肅穆(mu)可見一(yi)(yi)斑。廟院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)南(nan)(nan)北(bei)總長(chang)47米,東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi)寬(kuan)43米,占地面積(ji)2021平方米。現存有(you)(you)宋、元、明、清(qing)不同時(shi)期(qi)大小(xiao)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)八座,均(jun)為(wei)筒(tong)瓦硬山(shan)頂(ding)式建筑,琉(liu)(liu)璃瓦脊(ji)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)(xian)正(zheng)南(nan)(nan)元代(dai)過街閣樓(lou)原為(wei)“彘川鎮河(he)”神龕閣樓(lou),坐(zuo)北(bei)朝(chao)南(nan)(nan),全木結構,底(di)為(wei)柱廊式過街通道,上(shang)鋪木板,設柵欄,神龕臺(tai)基。樓(lou)頂(ding)為(wei)重檐(yan)歇山(shan)頂(ding),琉(liu)(liu)璃剪(jian)邊,灰瓦覆蓋(gai)。頂(ding)部(bu)正(zheng)吻題(ti)記(ji)“昊川雄鎮”四字,閣樓(lou)梁架結構多為(wei)元代(dai)遺構。據大明嘉靖二十二年(nian)重修碑文(wen)記(ji)載:“……前樓(lou)一(yi)(yi)葺(qi),形勢(shi)壯(zhuang)觀(guan)(guan),東(dong)(dong)距霍山(shan),西(xi)(xi)(xi)臨汾(fen)水,北(bei)有(you)(you)高崗之(zhi)倚,南(nan)(nan)有(you)(you)平川之(zhi)望,喬木巍峨,陰(yin)木華蓋(gai),雖盛(sheng)暑之(zhi)時(shi),涼(liang)風可以解(jie)吾心之(zhi)慍,野景可娛吾目之(zhi)歡,誠妥神之(zhi)勝地,即郡廟之(zhi)冠也。……”此(ci)閣樓(lou)確實具有(you)(you)很高的(de)(de)歷史、藝術和(he)(he)科學研究(jiu)價值。明初,閣樓(lou)北(bei)側建起一(yi)(yi)坐(zuo)南(nan)(nan)向北(bei)戲臺(tai),前為(wei)卷棚頂(ding),用磚做基座。戲臺(tai)與閣樓(lou)緊(jin)緊(jin)相(xiang)依,渾(hun)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)體,組成(cheng)戲臺(tai),名為(wei)“賽蜃樓(lou)”。此(ci)后(hou),閣樓(lou)便(bian)作為(wei)觀(guan)(guan)音廟戲臺(tai)的(de)(de)后(hou)臺(tai)而用。從元代(dai)以后(hou)為(wei)歷代(dai)掌管(guan)(guan)水利部(bu)門占用,一(yi)(yi)直到解(jie)放初期(qi),解(jie)放后(hou)為(wei)學校所占,用至1994年(nian),1994年(nian)以來,由觀(guan)(guan)音廟義務保護小(xiao)組管(guan)(guan)理。
解放初(chu),廟(miao)內塑(su)像(xiang)(xiang)被毀,直(zhi)到1995年,由廣大信眾集資重(zhong)塑(su)觀(guan)音(yin)菩(pu)薩、眼光菩(pu)薩、送(song)子菩(pu)薩、藥(yao)師(shi)佛、關圣帝君(jun)、玉(yu)(yu)皇大帝、利市仙宮(gong)、東海龍王、土地翁(weng)、婆、文昌(chang)帝君(jun)等(deng)塑(su)像(xiang)(xiang),1998年又雕刻漢白玉(yu)(yu)觀(guan)音(yin)菩(pu)薩像(xiang)(xiang)一(yi)尊,立于過殿,使觀(guan)音(yin)廟(miao)又恢復了往日的興旺(wang)景(jing)象(xiang)。