霍州(zhou)觀音(yin)廟(第六批國保)
時代:元至清
地址:霍州市趙(zhao)家莊村
2006年5月被定為第(di)六批國家文物保(bao)護單(dan)位(wei)的霍州觀音廟是集(ji)儒、釋、道為一體的典型的寺廟綜合(he)建筑(zhu)。
簡介
儒家(jia)講(jiang)格物致知,誠(cheng)意(yi)正心(xin);佛(fo)家(jia)講(jiang)明心(xin)見(jian)性,即心(xin)即佛(fo);道(dao)家(jia)講(jiang)返本歸真(zhen),清凈無為。三者(zhe)乃殊途同歸,足見(jian)菩薩(sa)在大眾(zhong)心(xin)目中的地位。此(ci)廟中土地殿(dian)(dian)規(gui)模雖(sui)小(xiao),但據歷史記載始建(jian)于(yu)宋(song)代(dai),三圣殿(dian)(dian)、山門、觀音殿(dian)(dian)、過街(jie)閣樓、文昌閣等均創建(jian)于(yu)元(yuan)、明時期,后(hou)歷代(dai)屢有(you)修葺。
構建特色
觀(guan)音(yin)(yin)廟(miao)院(yuan)坐(zuo)北朝南(nan),總體布局為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兩條平(ping)行軸(zhou)線,符(fu)合了中國傳統(tong)的(de)對稱理念。其(qi)(qi)東(dong)軸(zhou)線為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一進(jin)院(yuan),軸(zhou)線上(shang)分(fen)布有(you)(you)(you)山門、三圣(sheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian),東(dong)側(ce)有(you)(you)(you)廂房、廊屋(wu)、耳殿(dian)(dian)(dian),東(dong)南(nan)角二(er)層有(you)(you)(you)文(wen)昌閣(ge)(ge)。西軸(zhou)線為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)兩進(jin)院(yuan),軸(zhou)線上(shang)分(fen)布有(you)(you)(you)過(guo)街閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)、戲臺(tai)(tai)(tai)、過(guo)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、觀(guan)音(yin)(yin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(分(fen)正(zheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)和東(dong)西配殿(dian)(dian)(dian)),軸(zhou)線西側(ce)分(fen)布有(you)(you)(you)廊屋(wu)。其(qi)(qi)三圣(sheng)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)與觀(guan)音(yin)(yin)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間建有(you)(you)(you)土(tu)地(di)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)。西北角留有(you)(you)(you)便門,平(ping)時(shi)(shi)進(jin)廟(miao)多(duo)走此(ci)(ci)門,這是一座典型的(de)正(zheng)方形廟(miao)宇,其(qi)(qi)莊嚴肅穆可見一斑。廟(miao)院(yuan)南(nan)北總長47米(mi),東(dong)西寬(kuan)43米(mi),占地(di)面積2021平(ping)方米(mi)。現存有(you)(you)(you)宋、元、明(ming)、清不同時(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)大(da)小殿(dian)(dian)(dian)八(ba)座,均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)筒瓦硬(ying)山頂式建筑,琉璃瓦脊(ji)。西軸(zhou)線正(zheng)南(nan)元代過(guo)街閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)原為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“彘川鎮河”神(shen)龕閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou),坐(zuo)北朝南(nan),全(quan)木結構(gou),底為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)柱廊式過(guo)街通道,上(shang)鋪木板,設柵欄,神(shen)龕臺(tai)(tai)(tai)基。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)頂為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)重檐歇山頂,琉璃剪邊,灰瓦覆蓋。頂部正(zheng)吻(wen)題(ti)記“昊(hao)川雄鎮”四字,閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)梁架結構(gou)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)元代遺構(gou)。據大(da)明(ming)嘉靖(jing)二(er)十二(er)年重修(xiu)碑文(wen)記載:“……前樓(lou)(lou)(lou)一葺,形勢壯觀(guan),東(dong)距霍(huo)山,西臨(lin)汾水(shui),北有(you)(you)(you)高崗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)倚,南(nan)有(you)(you)(you)平(ping)川之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)望(wang),喬木巍峨,陰木華蓋,雖盛暑之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi),涼風可以(yi)解(jie)吾(wu)心之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慍,野(ye)景可娛(yu)吾(wu)目之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)歡,誠妥(tuo)神(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勝地(di),即郡廟(miao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冠也。……”此(ci)(ci)閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)確實具有(you)(you)(you)很高的(de)歷史、藝術和科(ke)學研究(jiu)價值。明(ming)初,閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)北側(ce)建起一坐(zuo)南(nan)向北戲臺(tai)(tai)(tai),前為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)卷棚(peng)頂,用磚(zhuan)做(zuo)基座。戲臺(tai)(tai)(tai)與閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)緊(jin)(jin)緊(jin)(jin)相依,渾(hun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一體,組成戲臺(tai)(tai)(tai),名為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“賽蜃樓(lou)(lou)(lou)”。此(ci)(ci)后(hou),閣(ge)(ge)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)便作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)觀(guan)音(yin)(yin)廟(miao)戲臺(tai)(tai)(tai)的(de)后(hou)臺(tai)(tai)(tai)而用。從元代以(yi)后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歷代掌管水(shui)利部門占用,一直(zhi)到解(jie)放初期(qi)(qi),解(jie)放后(hou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)學校(xiao)所占,用至(zhi)1994年,1994年以(yi)來(lai),由觀(guan)音(yin)(yin)廟(miao)義(yi)務保護小組管理。
解放初,廟內塑(su)像被毀,直到(dao)1995年(nian),由廣(guang)大信(xin)眾集(ji)資(zi)重塑(su)觀音菩薩(sa)(sa)、眼光菩薩(sa)(sa)、送子(zi)菩薩(sa)(sa)、藥師佛、關圣(sheng)帝君、玉皇大帝、利市仙宮、東海龍王、土地翁(weng)、婆、文昌帝君等塑(su)像,1998年(nian)又雕刻漢白玉觀音菩薩(sa)(sa)像一尊,立于過殿(dian),使觀音廟又恢復了往日的(de)興旺(wang)景象。