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簡介

黎(li)城城隍廟座落在縣城河(he)下(xia)街，坐北(bei)向南。該(gai)廟始建于宋天(tian)圣三(san)(san)年（1025年)。城隍廟將門(men)作樓(lou)，系三(san)(san)層重檐(yan)(yan)，故俗稱三(san)(san)節樓(lou)。現存(cun)建筑主要有(you)門(men)樓(lou)和正(zheng)殿。門(men)樓(lou)面闊(kuo)(kuo)三(san)(san)間(jian)，進深二間(jian)，屬(shu)明(ming)代(dai)(dai)風(feng)格(ge)。臺基呈長(chang)(chang)方(fang)形(xing)，長(chang)(chang)18米(mi)，寬12米(mi)臺高(gao)2.35米(mi)。 門(men)樓(lou)正(zheng)中橫掛一匾(bian)，上(shang)書“群峰環翠”。屋(wu)頂(ding)形(xing)制為(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)層重檐(yan)(yan)歇山頂(ding)。正(zheng)脊(ji)、吻(wen)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)、垂獸(shou)(shou)(shou)、戧脊(ji)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)、套(tao)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)，均(jun)為(wei)(wei)黃綠相(xiang)間(jian)琉璃造(zao)。山花出際(ji)施博風(feng)板，懸(xuan)魚作卷云(yun)如(ru)意式(shi)斗(dou)拱均(jun)為(wei)(wei)五(wu)鋪作雙(shuang)下(xia)昂。用材粗(cu)壯(zhuang)宏大，巍然壯(zhuang)觀(guan)，為(wei)(wei)黎(li)城古建筑之冠。正(zheng)殿面闊(kuo)(kuo)五(wu)間(jian)、進深五(wu)間(jian)，六椽伏(fu)前(qian)后接乳，通檐(yan)(yan)用五(wu)柱(zhu)，基本上(shang)為(wei)(wei)現代(dai)(dai)風(feng)格(ge)，臺基邊長(chang)(chang)18米(mi)，呈正(zheng)方(fang)形(xing)，臺高(gao)1.37米(mi)。 殿內(nei)一排前(qian)金枝，屋(wu)頂(ding)形(xing)制為(wei)(wei)懸(xuan)山頂(ding)，正(zheng)脊(ji)、吻(wen)獸(shou)(shou)(shou)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)黃綠相(xiang)間(jian)琉璃造(zao)，斗(dou)拱均(jun)為(wei)(wei)五(wu)鋪作雙(shuang)下(xia)昂，威嚴肅穆。

現狀

山(shan)西省(sheng)重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)(wu)(wu)保(bao)護單位。在黎(li)城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)內(nei)(nei)正街與河下街相交處北(bei)隅。坐北(bei)向南，原為兩進(jin)院布(bu)局，現(xian)僅(jin)存(cun)前院。廟(miao)內(nei)(nei)前有山(shan)門、后有正殿(dian)(dian)，東(dong)西廂房左右配置，殿(dian)(dian)宇巍峨(e)，飛(fei)檐凌空，紅墻綠(lv)瓦，莊重(zhong)古(gu)樸。歷為黎(li)邑一(yi)大勝景。體現(xian)了(le)古(gu)代中國勞動人民(min)(min)的聰明(ming)智(zhi)慧和高(gao)超的建(jian)筑技藝。該(gai)廟(miao)創建(jian)年(nian)代無考，據(ju)清康熙(xi)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年(nian)（1682）《黎(li)城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志》和廟(miao)內(nei)(nei)碑刻(ke)記載：北(bei)宋天圣三年(nian)（1025）隨縣(xian)(xian)(xian)治遷變而遷建(jian)于(yu)今址。元至正十(shi)(shi)(shi)八年(nian)（1358），農民(min)(min)起(qi)義軍紅巾軍一(yi)支攻(gong)破黎(li)城(cheng)，城(cheng)隍廟(miao)焚(fen)于(yu)兵火。明(ming)洪武二(er)年(nian)（1369）于(yu)舊址重(zhong)建(jian)。嘉靖十(shi)(shi)(shi)六年(nian)（1357）六月(yue)(yue)，城(cheng)隍廟(miao)山(shan)門古(gu)樓(lou)（俗稱三節(jie)(jie)(jie)樓(lou)）傾塌，縣(xian)(xian)(xian)民(min)(min)縉紳等措資財于(yu)是月(yue)(yue)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九日(ri)(ri)興土再建(jian)，于(yu)嘉靖十(shi)(shi)(shi)八年(nian)（1539）六月(yue)(yue)五日(ri)(ri)竣工。清康熙(xi)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)年(nian)（1701）二(er)月(yue)(yue)重(zhong)修。咸(xian)豐三年(nian)（1853）八月(yue)(yue)二(er)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三日(ri)(ri)，太平天國北(bei)征軍林(lin)鳳(feng)翔(xiang)所(suo)部，由潞入黎(li)，攻(gong)打縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)，三節(jie)(jie)(jie)樓(lou)被燒毀。咸(xian)豐八年(nian)（1858）重(zhong)建(jian)三節(jie)(jie)(jie)樓(lou)。宣統(tong)三年(nian)（1911）再次重(zhong)修。中華人民(min)(min)共和國成(cheng)立后，黎(li)城(cheng)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)人民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)府將其列(lie)入縣(xian)(xian)(xian)重(zhong)點(dian)文物(wu)(wu)(wu)保(bao)護單位。1982年(nian)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政(zheng)(zheng)府撥專款進(jin)行了(le)維修彩(cai)繪。現(xian)已成(cheng)為縣(xian)(xian)(xian)博(bo)物(wu)(wu)(wu)館館址。

三(san)節樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)為城隍廟之(zhi)(zhi)門樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。因(yin)屋頂(ding)形制為重檐三(san)滴(di)水(shui)，故名之(zhi)(zhi)。該樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)面闊三(san)間，進深兩(liang)間，通高(gao)約(yue)20米。臺基高(gao)峙，磚石(shi)砌臺，長(chang)18米，寬12米，高(gao)2.35米。平面布局呈長(chang)方(fang)形。屋頂(ding)為三(san)層重檐歇山(shan)頂(ding)。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)內圓(yuan)柱方(fang)額，斗(dou)拱密置，五踩斗(dou)拱雙(shuang)下昂，昂呈琴面式(shi)，梁架(jia)規整，結構緊俏。樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)頂(ding)滿覆琉璃(li)，貓(mao)頭滴(di)水(shui)皆備。吻獸均為黃綠(lv)琉璃(li)相(xiang)間，山(shan)花出(chu)際(ji)施博(bo)風(feng)、懸魚、惹草、懸魚作如意式(shi)，十(shi)(shi)(shi)分精制。雖歷盡滄(cang)桑(sang)之(zhi)(zhi)變，仍(reng)保留(liu)著明代建筑(zhu)風(feng)格。據明嘉(jia)靖三(san)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一年(nian)（1552）冬，邑人靳惟精撰《重修城隍廟門樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)記》載：“予謂，天下城隍皆有廟，廟必有門，門未必有樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)也。唯此黎廟之(zhi)(zhi)門有樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)，意在飾廟云爾(er)。自有宋天圣三(san)年(nian)乙丑遷創今縣，高(gao)城深隍，其英靈之(zhi)(zhi)氣寓(yu)于(yu)(yu)城隍之(zhi)(zhi)中，而(er)實超(chao)乎城隍之(zhi)(zhi)表(biao)，萃而(er)為神，受命于(yu)(yu)上帝以主斯土者，蓋(gai)五百(bai)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)八歲于(yu)(yu)今矣。其神棲有廟，肇(zhao)構莫稽。”

正殿(dian)(dian)位居門樓之北，面闊五(wu)(wu)間，進(jin)深五(wu)(wu)間，平(ping)面布局正方形(xing)，屋頂(ding)(ding)形(xing)制懸(xuan)山頂(ding)(ding)。圓柱(zhu)圓梁(liang)，四椽(chuan)栿，通檐用五(wu)(wu)柱(zhu)。殿(dian)(dian)內(nei)(nei)減前金柱(zhu)一(yi)排。前檐斗(dou)拱(gong)為(wei)五(wu)(wu)踩(cai)單下(xia)昂，明(ming)次間補(bu)間出斜(xie)拱(gong)。后檐斗(dou)拱(gong)為(wei)三踩(cai)當下(xia)昂。屋頂(ding)(ding)脊(ji)獸均為(wei)黃綠(lv)琉璃相間鴟(chi)吻、垂(chui)獸色調(diao)沉穩(wen)，制作精細，系清(qing)代(dai)中期所燒制。廟(miao)內(nei)(nei)新建碑(bei)廊一(yi)座，長(chang)約26米(mi)。廊內(nei)(nei)鑲嵌陳列(lie)北魏造像(xiang)碑(bei)，隋螭首造像(xiang)碑(bei)，隋、唐、五(wu)(wu)代(dai)時期的墓(mu)志銘及明(ming)清(qing)官衙各類行政(zheng)明(ming)文(wen)碑(bei)等二(er)十余通（方）。

布局

城隍(huang)廟在黎(li)(li)城縣(xian)城內正街(jie)。廟座北向(xiang)南，原為兩進院，現僅存(cun)前院。廟內前有山(shan)門，后(hou)有正殿(dian)，東(dong)西廂房左右(you)配置，殿(dian)宇巍峨，飛檐凌(ling)空(kong)，紅墻綠瓦，莊(zhuang)重(zhong)古樸，歷(li)為黎(li)(li)邑(yi)一大勝景(jing)。該(gai)廟創建年(nian)代無考，據清康(kang)熙(xi)《黎(li)(li)城縣(xian)志》和(he)廟內碑刻(ke)記載，北宋天圣三年(nian)（1025）隨縣(xian)治遷變而遷建于今址。

元至正(zheng)十八年（1358），農民(min)起義軍紅巾軍一支(zhi)攻(gong)破黎城(cheng)，城(cheng)隍廟焚于(yu)兵火。明(ming)洪武二年（1369）于(yu)舊(jiu)址重建，明(ming)清(qing)各朝均有修(xiu)(xiu)葺。1982年縣(xian)政府撥專款(kuan)進(jin)行了維修(xiu)(xiu)彩繪，現為(wei)(wei)(wei)縣(xian)博物館館址。 三(san)節樓(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)城(cheng)隍廟之門樓(lou)。因(yin)屋頂形制為(wei)(wei)(wei)重檐三(san)滴水，故名之。該樓(lou)面闊三(san)間，進(jin)深兩(liang)間，通高約(yue)20米。臺(tai)基高崎，磚石砌(qi)臺(tai)，平面布局呈長方形。屋頂為(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)層重檐歇山頂，樓(lou)頂滿覆琉(liu)璃(li)，裝修(xiu)(xiu)十分精致，為(wei)(wei)(wei)明(ming)代中國建筑(zhu)風格。

正殿(dian)位居(ju)門樓之北，面闊五(wu)(wu)(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，進深五(wu)(wu)(wu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)，平面布局正方形(xing)，屋頂形(xing)制(zhi)懸山頂。圓柱圓梁，四(si)椽袱對前后乳袱，通檐用五(wu)(wu)(wu)柱。殿(dian)內減前金(jin)柱一排。前檐斗拱(gong)為五(wu)(wu)(wu)踩(cai)雙(shuang)下(xia)昂，明次間(jian)(jian)(jian)補間(jian)(jian)(jian)出斜拱(gong)。后檐斗拱(gong)為三踩(cai)單下(xia)昂。屋頂脊獸均為黃綠琉璃相間(jian)(jian)(jian)，鴟吻、垂獸色(se)調沉穩(wen)，制(zhi)作精細，系(xi)清(qing)代中(zhong)期所(suo)燒(shao)制(zhi)。

廟(miao)內新建(jian)碑廊(lang)，長26米。廊(lang)內鑲嵌(qian)陳列北魏(wei)造像碑，隋(sui)螭(chi)首浮(fu)圖碑，隋(sui)、唐、五代(dai)時期的墓志銘及(ji)明清官衙(ya)各類(lei)行政明文碑等20余通。城隍(huang)廟(miao)現已成(cheng)為縣城內一處重(zhong)要的游覽場所。

來由

宋代(dai)(dai)民間(jian)(jian)普遍信仰，明(ming)代(dai)(dai)朱元璋推崇有(you)加。在宋代(dai)(dai)，城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)信仰已是民間(jian)(jian)非常普遍的(de)信仰了，元代(dai)(dai)文宗天歷年間(jian)(jian)，朝廷讓(rang)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)爺配享夫(fu)人，從此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)廟里(li)就有(you)了寢殿，專門供奉城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)爺及城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)夫(fu)人。

到了(le)明(ming)代，朱元(yuan)璋更是推崇有加,相傳朱元(yuan)璋稱(cheng)帝(di)之前,曾經宿身(shen)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟而幸免大難.朱元(yuan)璋稱(cheng)帝(di)之后,于洪武元(yuan)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1368年(nian)(nian)),下旨封(feng)(feng)(feng)都(dou)(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)監(jian)(jian)察司(si)顯(xian)佑(you)王，職位(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)一品(pin)；與朝(chao)(chao)廷的太師、太傅、太保“三公(gong)(gong)”和左右丞相平級。同(tong)時封(feng)(feng)(feng)各府城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)監(jian)(jian)察司(si)民城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)威靈公(gong)(gong)、職位(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)二品(pin)；封(feng)(feng)(feng)州城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)監(jian)(jian)察司(si)民城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)顯(xian)佑(you)侯，職位(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)三品(pin)；封(feng)(feng)(feng)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)監(jian)(jian)察司(si)民城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)顯(xian)佑(you)伯，職位(wei)正(zheng)(zheng)四品(pin)。正(zheng)(zheng)是在這(zhe)一時期，各州府縣(xian)，紛紛修建(jian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟。都(dou)(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)廟由(you)皇帝(di)親自(zi)勅建(jian)，皇宮(gong)撥付銀兩，廟內住持由(you)朝(chao)(chao)廷直(zhi)接(jie)任命，各府、州、縣(xian)則按照等(deng)(deng)級，依(yi)次效(xiao)仿，規模等(deng)(deng)級完全參照地方官署(shu)衙門，按級別配制冕毓官服。明(ming)洪武三年(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)1370）年(nian)(nian)朝(chao)(chao)廷頒布了(le)專門祭(ji)祀城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)的典(dian)章制度。并下詔去除了(le)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)封(feng)(feng)(feng)號，封(feng)(feng)(feng)京(jing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)為(wei)“都(dou)(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)”。其它只稱(cheng)某府某州或某縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)。