歷史沿革
初建
該清真大(da)寺(si)始建(jian)于(yu)清乾(qian)隆計五(wu)年(nian)(1760年(nian)),乾(qian)隆四十六年(nian)(1781年(nian))增建(jian),完成了大(da)寺(si)建(jian)筑。迄今已(yi)有(you)200多年(nian)的(de)歷史。據(ju)傳(chuan),當(dang)初修建(jian)大(da)寺(si)時,當(dang)地衙門允許(xu)鄉老到內地寫“乜貼”,并從關(guan)內延聘(pin)建(jian)筑師來到祖國(guo)邊疆的(de)西大(da)門地方修建(jian)了這座(zuo)中國(guo)宮殿式的(de)清真寺(si)。該清真寺(si)面積原有(you)9畝,現存4畝多。該清真寺(si)每逢節日(肉孜節、古爾邦節等(deng)),有(you)幾千人參加(jia)會禮。
修繕重建
解放后(hou),于(yu)1958年(nian)(nian),大寺(si)建筑(zhu)油飾一新。1978年(nian)(nian),在馬玉堂、馬文(wen)炳等人帶動下,坊民(min)又維修了大殿(dian),整(zheng)理了寺(si)院。1979年(nian)(nian)以(yi)后(hou),再次修葺(qi)了禮(li)拜(bai)殿(dian)。寺(si)院內樹木成蔭,環(huan)境(jing)幽靜。先后(hou)有日本國議會(hui)代表(biao)(biao)團、北也門(men)總穆夫提(ti)扎巴(ba)拉長老及伊斯蘭世界聯盟(meng)(meng)代表(biao)(biao)團,伊盟(meng)(meng)代表(biao)(biao)團還向清真寺(si)寺(si)贈送了《古蘭經》、《圣(sheng)訓》等經書。
建筑規制
寺院(yuan)以禮(li)(li)拜殿(dian)(dian)(dian)為主體建筑,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)堂樓亭,結構嚴(yan)整,古雅優(you)美(mei),布局考究,氣勢宏偉(wei)、禮(li)(li)拜殿(dian)(dian)(dian)分(fen)外(wai)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、中殿(dian)(dian)(dian)、里殿(dian)(dian)(dian),共42間,面積600多平方(fang)米,殿(dian)(dian)(dian)前后、兩側分(fen)別有(you)卷棚、走廊,可(ke)容1000多人禮(li)(li)拜。
小窯殿(dian)(dian)前壁(bi)有雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke)、繪畫,至(zhi)今仍保留著(zhu)原來的(de)(de)(de)(de)色彩,前壁(bi)上(shang)面(mian)雕(diao)(diao)刻(ke) 的(de)(de)(de)(de)阿(a)拉伯(bo)經(jing)(jing)文是(shi)(shi)“清真言(yan)”,其下《古(gu)蘭經(jing)(jing)》第(di)(di)(di)9章(zhang)第(di)(di)(di)18節選(xuan)段;兩(liang)側刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)文是(shi)(shi)《古(gu)蘭經(jing)(jing)》第(di)(di)(di)6章(zhang)第(di)(di)(di)160節選(xuan)段,窯殿(dian)(dian)兩(liang)側各有雕(diao)(diao)花窗欞(ling)和門(men)(men)扇(shan),兩(liang)門(men)(men)內(nei)壁(bi)上(shang)刻(ke)《古(gu)蘭經(jing)(jing)》第(di)(di)(di)19章(zhang);右門(men)(men)外(wai)壁(bi)上(shang)刻(ke)著(zhu)。認主(zhu)(zhu)獨尊刀四個(ge)大字,左門(men)(men)外(wai)壁(bi)上(shang)刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)四個(ge)大字是(shi)(shi)“贊主(zhu)(zhu)清靜”。中(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)兩(liang)側也有窗欞(ling),兩(liang)側內(nei)壁(bi)刻(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)《古(gu)蘭經(jing)(jing)》第(di)(di)(di)89章(zhang)第(di)(di)(di)27至(zhi)第(di)(di)(di)30節的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)文。中(zhong)殿(dian)(dian)與里、外(wai)殿(dian)(dian),均有玻璃(li)窗隔(ge)開。禮拜殿(dian)(dian)北面(mian)和東(dong)面(mian),原來都(dou)在有講(jiang)堂。
建筑特色
伊寧回族大(da)寺是(shi)(shi)(shi)中國傳統(tong)(tong)的宮(gong)殿(dian)式磚(zhuan)木結構(gou)(gou)和阿拉(la)伯裝(zhuang)飾藝(yi)術(shu)相結合的建筑風(feng)格。寺門(men)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)有(you)(you)旁門(men),各(ge)有(you)(you)雙該清(qing)(qing)真寺其結構(gou)(gou)布局是(shi)(shi)(shi)我(wo)國傳統(tong)(tong)的磚(zhuan)木結構(gou)(gou)和阿拉(la)伯裝(zhuang)飾相結合的中國伊斯蘭教建筑形式,頗似西安市(shi)化(hua)覺(jue)巷清(qing)(qing)真寺、大(da)寺山門(men)、正(zheng)門(men)兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)有(you)(you)旁門(men)出入,各(ge)有(you)(you)雙重八(ba)字影壁;進大(da)門(men)有(you)(you)一座3層樓閣,二層是(shi)(shi)(shi)四角形的,三層是(shi)(shi)(shi)六角尖端亭式宣(xuan)禮(li)樓,院中原有(you)(you)魚池、玉帶橋,現僅存遺址。大(da)殿(dian)3個屋頂為勾連搭結構(gou)(gou),里(li)殿(dian)外(wai)形是(shi)(shi)(shi)4層八(ba)角的攢亭式建筑,內部(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)穹窿結構(gou)(gou)。
大寺從山門到禮拜殿,及(ji)兩(liang)所講堂等,都(dou)是檐(yan)廊(lang)閣式結(jie)構,其檐(yan)席(xi)卷(juan)棚、兩(liang)廊(lang)對廳、照(zhao)壁圓門齊全、形(xing)成了較為完整的(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)群體,布(bu)局合理,氣勢雄偉,是西北邊陲著名清真寺。可惜(xi)于解放前(qian),由于戰亂頻(pin)仍,因而不少有(you)價(jia)值(zhi)的(de)石碑、匾(bian)額、寺港等均(jun)遭(zao)破(po)壞或遺失。
地理交通
地址:新疆維吾爾自治區伊犁哈薩克自治州伊寧(ning)市漢人(ren)街南市區路(lu)口