鳳山(shan)關帝廟位于(yu)豐寧滿族(zu)自治縣鳳山(shan)鎮(zhen)。始建(jian)(jian)清雍(yong)正17年(nian)(nian)(1729年(nian)(nian)),后經(jing)乾隆(long)、嘉慶兩代擴建(jian)(jian),形成了正殿(dian)、配殿(dian)、禪(chan)房、鐘鼓樓(lou)、牌樓(lou)等(deng)古建(jian)(jian)群。
關(guan)帝廟(miao),亦稱為“關(guan)圣寺(si)”,與(yu)鳳(feng)山戲樓在同一(yi)中軸線上,同為一(yi)組建(jian)筑群體。寺(si)院南北(bei)長(chang)62米,東西寬27米,占(zhan)地(di)1674平(ping)方米。
磚石木(mu)結構、條(tiao)石臺基、歇山(shan)券棚頂(ding)。建(jian)筑(zhu)雄渾壯(zhuang)偉,結構新穎,裝(zhuang)飾華麗,構思奇妙,建(jian)筑(zhu)技(ji)藝高(gao)超,集書(shu)法、繪畫與建(jian)筑(zhu)藝術為一體(ti)。鳳山(shan)關帝廟(miao)雖(sui)歷(li)經(jing)270多年滄海桑(sang)田的(de)變遷和塞(sai)外大(da)地的(de)風風雨雨,但在豐寧文保及相關部門大(da)力搶救維修下(xia),依然巍然矗立,訴(su)說著的(de)歷(li)史滄桑(sang)。鳳山(shan)關帝廟(miao)及戲樓古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)群(qun)于1982年被列入河北(bei)省重點文物保護單位。
廟(miao)前有一(yi)(yi)對石(shi)(shi)獅,左雌右雄(xiong),石(shi)(shi)獅兩側有兩根高大(da)旗桿,夾在(zai)石(shi)(shi)制(zhi)的(de)旗桿座內(nei)。殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)內(nei)兩側欄桿內(nei)分置泥塑馬和(he)馬童,其高與(yu)真(zhen)人等同。過馬殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)兩側為(wei)廟(miao)的(de)院(yuan)(yuan)墻。寺院(yuan)(yuan)墻與(yu)東西(xi)鐘樓、鼓樓相接。經過過馬殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)即入寺院(yuan)(yuan)。院(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)青磚鋪地,中間(jian)甬(yong)路通(tong)往大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)兩側配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。甬(yong)路正(zheng)中有鼎式香(xiang)爐一(yi)(yi)尊(zun)。東西(xi)兩廂各有配(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)僧房。
正殿(dian)臺基呈凸字(zi)形。條石臺基,用柱28根,前有抱(bao)廈三間。
正(zheng)面主梁與副梁之間(jian)(jian)無枋額(e),每間(jian)(jian)分別用三組一斗(dou)交麻葉頭(tou),各(ge)麻葉頭(tou)中間(jian)(jian)均飾(shi)象鼻(bi),每柱(zhu)(zhu)均有(you)柱(zhu)(zhu)頭(tou)斗(dou)拱。
門額鏤雕二云龍戲珠,東西間棱窗(chuang)下各飾(shi)藩(fan)草雀替。臺基正(zheng)(zheng)中有垂帶(dai)踏垛三級。抱(bao)廈(sha)后大殿(dian)為硬山玉帶(dai)脊,脊正(zheng)(zheng)中裝飾(shi)鎏金寶頂(ding)一尊。整個殿(dian)頂(ding)為黃綠兩(liang)色琉璃(li)瓦。殿(dian)內門額高懸巨幅額匾,咸豐(feng)帝御書“萬世人(ren)極”。殿(dian)內收藏匾額近百方,均(jun)出自清末民(min)初(chu)名人(ren)巨宦之手。正(zheng)(zheng)殿(dian)供(gong)關(羽)公(gong)塑像,高5米,右有周倉(cang),左為關平。
鳳(feng)山關帝廟(miao)及(ji)戲(xi)樓古建(jian)(jian)筑群規(gui)模雄渾(hun)壯(zhuang)偉,結構(gou)新穎,裝(zhuang)飾華麗,技藝高(gao)超(chao),構(gou)思奇妙,集建(jian)(jian)筑、雕刻、書(shu)法(fa)、繪畫為一體,是河北省古代(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑藝術的精(jing)華,堪稱建(jian)(jian)筑技術上的精(jing)英之(zhi)作。
自古就有很多關于關帝(di)廟(miao)以及關公(gong)的傳說(shuo),關二爺的驍勇善戰、忠義在人們的心(xin)中留下了深刻的印象(xiang)。采訪中,當地(di)的老鄉就和記者講起了有關關帝(di)廟(miao)的傳奇故事。
傳說明(ming)朝(chao)末年,有位(wei)王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),為(wei)人(ren)(ren)精明(ming)能干,剛正(zheng)不(bu)阿,深得(de)圣上賞識。當時(shi)位(wei)列九千歲的魏(wei)忠(zhong)賢(xian)懷恨在心(xin),老想(xiang)著找機(ji)會(hui)(hui)(hui)除掉這眼(yan)中釘肉中刺。機(ji)會(hui)(hui)(hui)終于(yu)來(lai)(lai)了,南(nan)方叛(pan)亂(luan),叛(pan)軍連克數(shu)城(cheng),威(wei)脅(xie)京師(shi),魏(wei)忠(zhong)賢(xian)馬上舉薦位(wei)置(zhi)高(gao)的王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)領兵(bing)平(ping)叛(pan),皇(huang)帝(di)立即(ji)準奏(zou),封王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)平(ping)叛(pan)大(da)(da)元帥(shuai),王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)嚇(xia)得(de)出了一(yi)身冷汗,文官啊(a),哪會(hui)(hui)(hui)領兵(bing)布陣呀,不(bu)明(ming)擺著是(shi)(shi)害(hai)人(ren)(ren)嗎,不(bu)去吧(ba)(ba),是(shi)(shi)抗旨,該殺,去吧(ba)(ba),就(jiu)(jiu)得(de)被叛(pan)軍所殺,就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)不(bu)被殺,戰(zhan)敗回(hui)朝(chao)也得(de)被皇(huang)帝(di)殺。無論(lun)如何都是(shi)(shi)死(si)(si)(si),王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)牙一(yi)咬,就(jiu)(jiu)去吧(ba)(ba),反(fan)正(zheng)得(de)死(si)(si)(si),就(jiu)(jiu)死(si)(si)(si)在戰(zhan)場吧(ba)(ba),于(yu)是(shi)(shi)就(jiu)(jiu)帶兵(bing)到(dao)了南(nan)方,立即(ji)接了叛(pan)軍下的戰(zhan)表,明(ming)日決戰(zhan)。當晚,王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)擺香(xiang)案向北方跪(gui)拜,想(xiang)想(xiang)自(zi)己(ji)十年寒窗,三榜高(gao)中,自(zi)入仕(shi)以來(lai)(lai),兢兢業(ye)業(ye),為(wei)社稷為(wei)百(bai)姓(xing),竟(jing)然(ran)落了這個下場,越想(xiang)越傷心(xin),竟(jing)然(ran)號啕大(da)(da)哭:別了老父母,是(shi)(shi)兒不(bu)孝。也不(bu)知過(guo)了多(duo)久,御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)恍惚間蒙(meng)蒙(meng)睡在香(xiang)案旁。突(tu)然(ran),一(yi)位(wei)紅臉(lian)大(da)(da)將飄然(ran)而至,胯下赤兔馬,丹鳳眼(yan),臥蠶眉,濃黑的長須飄然(ran)胸前(qian),喝曰:“羽痛恨奸賊,莫怕,保你功成,明(ming)日午時(shi)三刻點(dian)兵(bing),可也。”言罷(ba)飄然(ran)而去。王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)猛然(ran)驚醒,夢中情形歷歷在目,羽?難(nan)道(dao)是(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)漢關(guan)羽托夢....?御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將信將疑。第二天(tian)午時(shi)三刻兩陣官兵(bing)剛剛開戰(zhan),突(tu)然(ran),晴天(tian)一(yi)聲霹(pi)雷,關(guan)公親率(lv)關(guan)平(ping)、周倉等(deng)天(tian)兵(bing)從天(tian)而降,只(zhi)見關(guan)公的青龍大(da)(da)刀舞若游龍,剎那間天(tian)昏(hun)地暗,人(ren)(ren)頭(tou)紛落,血流成河,叛(pan)軍聞風喪膽,一(yi)炷(zhu)香(xiang)的功夫(fu)叛(pan)軍全軍覆沒。于(yu)是(shi)(shi),王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)便得(de)勝回(hui)朝(chao),雖(sui)然(ran)魏(wei)忠(zhong)賢(xian)百(bai)般阻撓,皇(huang)帝(di)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)嘉賞了王(wang)(wang)(wang)御(yu)史(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),并(bing)官升一(yi)級。
王御(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)回(hui)府后的第一(yi)(yi)件事(shi)就是焚香祈求關(guan)(guan)公再(zai)顯一(yi)(yi)次靈(ling),以便畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)建廟(miao),永奉香火,來報答(da)再(zai)生之(zhi)恩。當(dang)晚關(guan)(guan)公還真就托夢給御(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)曰:“明晚子時相見。”御(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)立即(ji)找來好(hao)的畫(hua)(hua)師(shi)(shi),讓他隱于屋內,從窗靈(ling)縫(feng)里觀看(kan)(kan)。第二天子時,一(yi)(yi)聲霹靂,關(guan)(guan)公果(guo)然顯了(le)(le)(le)(le)靈(ling),而畫(hua)(hua)師(shi)(shi)卻多(duo)了(le)(le)(le)(le)個心眼,只(zhi)用(yong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)眼看(kan)(kan)關(guan)(guan)公,因為畫(hua)(hua)師(shi)(shi)知道(dao)“關(guan)(guan)公乃正神,看(kan)(kan)了(le)(le)(le)(le)他要瞎眼的”,第二天畫(hua)(hua)師(shi)(shi)果(guo)然就瞎了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)眼,由(you)于畫(hua)(hua)師(shi)(shi)只(zhi)用(yong)了(le)(le)(le)(le)一(yi)(yi)只(zhi)眼看(kan)(kan)關(guan)(guan)公,畫(hua)(hua)出像(xiang)(xiang)來就當(dang)然只(zhi)有(you)七(qi)分像(xiang)(xiang),御(yu)(yu)(yu)史(shi)(shi)就命人按這(zhe)七(qi)分像(xiang)(xiang)的畫(hua)(hua)像(xiang)(xiang)塑了(le)(le)(le)(le)關(guan)(guan)公的金(jin)身。就是現在關(guan)(guan)帝廟(miao)的關(guan)(guan)公形象。民間(jian)傳說:天下(xia)關(guan)(guan)帝廟(miao)的關(guan)(guan)公七(qi)分像(xiang)(xiang),就是這(zhe)個原由(you)。
光緒十一年(nian)(nian)(1885年(nian)(nian)),曾頒發(fa)“與天地參”匾額(e)懸掛在牌樓中央,它是長城以北(bei)(bei)較大(da)的廟院。解(jie)放(fang)前,每年(nian)(nian)的農(nong)歷五月十三廟會,每次歷時一個(ge)月,全國各地的商(shang)戶在此匯(hui)集,成(cheng)為塞北(bei)(bei)的盛事。
鳳山關帝廟歷經270多年風雨滄桑,殿(dian)樓嚴(yan)重漏雨、歪斜,加之歷史人為因素,整個(ge)廟宇(yu)群遭(zao)受嚴(yan)重損(sun)害,破敗(bai)不堪。
據了解,關帝(di)廟維修(xiu)工程現已(yi)總投(tou)入資金35.5萬(wan)元,其中該(gai)縣文體局投(tou)資9萬(wan)元。經(jing)過8個月的施(shi)工,搶修(xiu)了正殿(dian)、配殿(dian)、鐘鼓(gu)二(er)樓,復(fu)建了過馬殿(dian)、院墻(qiang),塑出關帝(di)等雕像,矗(chu)立(li)起旗桿,整修(xiu)了院落(luo),清除多年積淀的垃圾,使古廟群恢(hui)復(fu)了原貌,修(xiu)復(fu)一新的關帝(di)廟將恢(hui)復(fu)廟會。