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基本介紹

彰德府城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟又叫“威(wei)靈公廟”，南(nan)山(shan)(shan)門(men)位于(yu)河南(nan)省安(an)陽市文峰區鼓樓東街六(liu)號，地處安(an)陽老城(cheng)(cheng)中心(xin)。尚未修復的(de)(de)北山(shan)(shan)門(men)位于(yu)安(an)陽東西主干道文峰南(nan)路(lu)，附近既有繁華(hua)的(de)(de)商(shang)業街又有從(cong)明代(dai)到民國各個時代(dai)的(de)(de)古(gu)建(jian)筑(zhu)。其西側兩百米為(wei)正(zheng)在準備修復的(de)(de)鼓樓，北側為(wei)安(an)陽相州(zhou)（安(an)陽縣）城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟。是豫北地區城(cheng)(cheng)隍廟與城(cheng)(cheng)隍文化(hua)的(de)(de)代(dai)表。也(ye)是安(an)陽市現存(cun)規(gui)模最大(da)、歷史悠久、保存(cun)完好的(de)(de)道教(jiao)建(jian)筑(zhu)與禮制建(jian)筑(zhu)群。

根據清乾隆五(wu)十年（公(gong)元1787年）編修(xiu)(xiu)的(de)(de)《彰德(de)府志》記載：彰德(de)府城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)廟(miao)(miao)宇(yu)布(bu)局(ju)圖，當(dang)時(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)有(you)五(wu)進院(yuan)落、六所大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、配(pei)(pei)(pei)有(you)左右對(dui)(dui)稱的(de)(de)廂房(fang)、前院(yuan)西側(ce)有(you)府屬七縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)一所，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)布(bu)局(ju)規整(zheng)，規模宏偉。廟(miao)(miao)內城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)之(zhi)中供奉府城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)，兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)分(fen)(fen)列(lie)(lie)八(ba)大(da)將(jiang)、黑白判官(guan)、牛(niu)頭、馬(ma)面、黑白無常、日夜巡游、鐘鼓神以(yi)及十殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)閻(yan)王十八(ba)司等(deng)地獄(yu)塑像。1933年城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)被(bei)毀，戲樓、牌(pai)樓、八(ba)字墻(qiang)改建(jian)(jian)店鋪，辟為(wei)市場，至此(ci)，安(an)陽(yang)最大(da)的(de)(de)道教古建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群走向衰弱。1982年，安(an)陽(yang)市政(zheng)府投入專款進行修(xiu)(xiu)繕。現存(cun)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)建(jian)(jian)于明初，三(san)(san)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、五(wu)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、和七縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)為(wei)落架(jia)(jia)大(da)修(xiu)(xiu)，仿(fang)其舊制。二殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、四(si)(si)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、牌(pai)坊為(wei)重(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)。重(zhong)(zhong)修(xiu)(xiu)后(hou)的(de)(de)彰德(de)府城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)廟(miao)(miao)整(zheng)體規劃布(bu)局(ju)完整(zheng)，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)造型豐富(fu)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)。主院(yuan)中軸線依次排列(lie)(lie)為(wei)四(si)(si)柱三(san)(san)樓式(shi)木牌(pai)樓。三(san)(san)間(jian)歇山(shan)重(zhong)(zhong)檐式(shi)山(shan)門及兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)八(ba)字琉璃照壁、池上架(jia)(jia)設三(san)(san)孔拱橋。三(san)(san)間(jian)懸山(shan)式(shi)前殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)(san)間(jian)懸山(shan)式(shi)拜殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、吳劍(jian)歇山(shan)式(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)(huang)(huang)大(da)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、五(wu)間(jian)懸山(shan)式(shi)寢殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、三(san)(san)間(jian)硬山(shan)式(shi)后(hou)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（因拆遷問題暫時(shi)未(wei)建(jian)(jian)設）、中軸兩(liang)(liang)側(ce)分(fen)(fen)配(pei)(pei)(pei)對(dui)(dui)稱的(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)殿(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及十九間(jian)廊房(fang)，使其更加威嚴(yan)肅穆(mu)、恢弘壯觀。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)造型多(duo)(duo)(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)(duo)(duo)樣(yang)，極具(ju)藝(yi)術型、科學性、文物價值。

歷史沿革

和很多古城(cheng)(cheng)一樣，安(an)陽(yang)的彰(zhang)(zhang)德(de)(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)有著顯赫的歷(li)史(shi)。據史(shi)料記載(zai)(zai)：彰(zhang)(zhang)德(de)(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)始建于(yu)北周大象二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)580年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）至隋大業年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)618年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）。《彰(zhang)(zhang)德(de)(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)志(zhi)》記載(zai)(zai)：“彰(zhang)(zhang)德(de)(de)有城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)，自設郡起由來已(yi)久，不自明(ming)始”，說(shuo)的是彰(zhang)(zhang)德(de)(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)有悠久的歷(li)史(shi)。據山門(men)題記記載(zai)(zai)，明(ming)洪(hong)武年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)，彰(zhang)(zhang)德(de)(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)被敕封(feng)為“威靈公(gong)(gong)(gong)”，彰(zhang)(zhang)德(de)(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)廟(miao)隨之于(yu)明(ming)洪(hong)武二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1369年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）進行(xing)了擴建修(xiu)葺。碑刻記載(zai)(zai)：“推彰(zhang)(zhang)德(de)(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)城(cheng)(cheng)隍(huang)(huang)聰明(ming)正直，圣不可罔，《彰(zhang)(zhang)德(de)(de)府(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)志(zhi)》亦云。”歷(li)明(ming)朝(chao)景(jing)泰五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1454年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、成華二(er)十二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1486年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、萬歷(li)十五(wu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1587年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、萬歷(li)二(er)十八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1600年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、清朝(chao)乾隆二(er)十七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1772年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、嘉慶十三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)1808年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)）、等(deng)朝(chao)代(dai)多次修(xiu)葺。

建國后特殊歷(li)史時期，城隍(huang)廟受到了毀(hui)滅(mie)性打擊，瘋狂的(de)人群(qun)在(zai)廟里肆意(yi)的(de)破壞，府內(nei)建筑神像多(duo)數被毀(hui)。但是(shi)有善信在(zai)那個年代依舊冒死把悄悄的(de)把城隍(huang)爺(ye)神像進行的(de)轉(zhuan)移保護，才使得城隍(huang)神像避(bi)免了這(zhe)場浩劫(jie)，在(zai)后來的(de)城隍(huang)廟修(xiu)復過程(cheng)中，城隍(huang)神像雕(diao)塑得以(yi)回(hui)歸。

彰德府城(cheng)隍廟是(shi)安陽(yang)市內不可多(duo)得(de)的，同時也是(shi)保存(cun)最完(wan)好的宗教建筑，1986年被評(ping)定為(wei)河南省重點文物保護單位(wei)。2013年5月被評(ping)為(wei)全國重點文物保護單位(wei)。

目前宮(gong)觀(guan)內成立(li)了(le)安陽民俗(su)博物館，免費(fei)對市民開(kai)放(fang)。同時在(zai)宮(gong)觀(guan)的西南角開(kai)設了(le)專門(men)的上(shang)香祭(ji)拜區域，逢年(nian)過節(jie)香火非常鼎盛。