2010年9月(yue),為配合鄭州南出口暨鄭新(xin)通道基本建設,經(jing)國(guo)家文(wen)物(wu)(wu)局批準,河南省文(wen)物(wu)(wu)局、鄭州市(shi)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)局組織鄭州市(shi)文(wen)物(wu)(wu)考古研究(jiu)院正(zheng)式對望(wang)京樓遺(yi)址遺(yi)址進行考古發掘。
2010年9月(yue)至12月(yue),該(gai)院在對河(he)南(nan)新(xin)鄭望京樓遺(yi)址考古發掘中,發現了夏代和(he)商代兩座城址,并發現了外廓城,城址總面積達(da)168萬平(ping)方米。
2011年1月(yue)12日,鄭(zheng)州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi)文(wen)物考(kao)古研(yan)究院對外公布(bu)了(le)一(yi)項考(kao)古發現,這是中原(yuan)地區繼鄭(zheng)州(zhou)(zhou)商城(cheng)、偃(yan)師二(er)里(li)頭、偃(yan)師商城(cheng)和(he)滎陽大(da)師姑等之后,在夏商大(da)型城(cheng)址方(fang)面的(de)又一(yi)重(zhong)大(da)發現,對我們(men)研(yan)究中原(yuan)地區早期城(cheng)市(shi)群的(de)發展演變和(he)國家起源意義重(zhong)大(da)。
望京樓商代城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址保存較為(wei)(wei)完(wan)整(zheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址平面(mian)近方形(xing),方向(xiang)為(wei)(wei)北(bei)偏東15°。東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長(chang)(chang)約590米(mi)、北(bei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長(chang)(chang)約602米(mi)、南城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長(chang)(chang)約630米(mi)、西(xi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長(chang)(chang)約560米(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)寬度為(wei)(wei)10~20米(mi),整(zheng)個城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址面(mian)積約為(wei)(wei)37萬平方米(mi)。 城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)外(wai)側為(wei)(wei)寬約15米(mi)的(de)護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河(he)。
東(dong)城(cheng)墻(qiang)偏南發(fa)現城(cheng)門和道(dao)路(lu)(lu),整座城(cheng)門占地(di)2000平方米,是(shi)目(mu)前(qian)我(wo)國發(fa)現早期(qi)城(cheng)址(zhi)中(zhong)規模大、形(xing)制(zhi)完(wan)備(bei)的城(cheng)門。城(cheng)門寬(kuan)4.5米,呈(cheng)凹字形(xing),城(cheng)門兩側有立柱(zhu)柱(zhu)洞(dong)及(ji)附(fu)屬建(jian)筑(zhu)設施,從整個城(cheng)門的結構來看,可謂是(shi)后期(qi)甕城(cheng)的雛形(xing),這將中(zhong)國甕城(cheng)的出(chu)現向前(qian)推到(dao)了商代前(qian)期(qi)。道(dao)路(lu)(lu)為(wei)(wei)東(dong)西走向,目(mu)前(qian)發(fa)掘長度為(wei)(wei)40米,寬(kuan)4~6米。在(zai)城(cheng)址(zhi)中(zhong)南部(bu)發(fa)現大型夯土建(jian)筑(zhu)基(ji)址(zhi)一(yi)處,目(mu)前(qian)發(fa)掘面積為(wei)(wei)900平方米,為(wei)(wei)大型回廊式建(jian)筑(zhu),北(bei)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)體建(jian)筑(zhu),西、南、東(dong)為(wei)(wei)配房,中(zhong)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)庭院(yuan)。
夏代城(cheng)址(zhi)位于商代城(cheng)址(zhi)外側,緊鄰商城(cheng)外護城(cheng)河。
目前已確定該城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址的東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)及東南、東北城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)轉角,其中東城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)長(chang)625米。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址平面亦為(wei)方形(xing),其護城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)河緊(jin)貼(tie)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang),寬約11米。
在(zai)距夏商城(cheng)(cheng)址城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)東北角約300米處的馬垌村(cun)東北部及(ji)南部鉆探時發現有(you)夯土城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang),城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)外為(wei)(wei)一條(tiao)人工(gong)開鑿的壕(hao)溝,為(wei)(wei)外廓城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)和護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)河(he)。護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)河(he)長約1100米,寬6~25米,深3~4米,經重點勘探,其(qi)東接黃(huang)溝水(shui)(shui),西連(lian)黃(huang)水(shui)(shui)河(he)。總體來看,望(wang)京樓(lou)遺址西、南有(you)黃(huang)水(shui)(shui)河(he),東有(you)黃(huang)溝水(shui)(shui),惟北邊與陸地相通,這樣(yang),外廓城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)、護(hu)城(cheng)(cheng)河(he)與黃(huang)水(shui)(shui)河(he)、黃(huang)溝水(shui)(shui)一起形(xing)成(cheng)一個封(feng)閉的城(cheng)(cheng)圈(quan),望(wang)京樓(lou)遺址的夏、商二城(cheng)(cheng)均在(zai)這個大城(cheng)(cheng)圈(quan)之內。
望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)京(jing)樓(lou)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)現(xian)之后(hou)(hou),我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)考(kao)古界專家嚴(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)明(ming)先生(sheng)和(he)(he)李伯謙先生(sheng)聞訊即親臨現(xian)場進行(xing)實(shi)地考(kao)察,指出望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)京(jing)樓(lou)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)十(shi)分重大(da)(da)的(de)(de)考(kao)古發(fa)現(xian)。鑒于(yu)望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)京(jing)樓(lou)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)發(fa)現(xian)意義(yi)重大(da)(da),2011年1月5日,河(he)南省文(wen)(wen)(wen)物局邀請國(guo)(guo)(guo)家文(wen)(wen)(wen)物局、北(bei)京(jing)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)、中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)社會(hui)(hui)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)院考(kao)古研(yan)究(jiu)所、首(shou)都(dou)師范大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)、南京(jing)大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)、山東大(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)等單位(wei)的(de)(de)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)考(kao)古專家在新鄭召開“河(he)南新鄭望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)京(jing)樓(lou)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)專家論證會(hui)(hui)”。與會(hui)(hui)專家聽(ting)取了(le)(le)鄭州(zhou)市文(wen)(wen)(wen)物考(kao)古研(yan)究(jiu)院對(dui)新鄭望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)京(jing)樓(lou)遺址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)掘情況(kuang)的(de)(de)匯報,實(shi)地考(kao)察了(le)(le)發(fa)掘現(xian)場和(he)(he)出土文(wen)(wen)(wen)物標本,并進行(xing)了(le)(le)科(ke)學(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)研(yan)討(tao)和(he)(he)論證。專家們指出:望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)京(jing)樓(lou)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)僅次于(yu)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)代(dai)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)偃師二里頭,其(qi)(qi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)之大(da)(da)在夏(xia)(xia)(xia)代(dai)聚落中(zhong)是極(ji)為(wei)罕(han)見(jian)的(de)(de),初步推測(ce)其(qi)(qi)性質可能為(wei)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)之某(mou)一方(fang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)邑;望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)京(jing)樓(lou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是繼鄭州(zhou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、偃師商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之后(hou)(hou)河(he)南境(jing)內新發(fa)現(xian)的(de)(de)又一座商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)代(dai)前(qian)期城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)(qi)規模雖(sui)遜于(yu)都(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),但遠大(da)(da)于(yu)其(qi)(qi)他建于(yu)同時期的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),此可彰顯出其(qi)(qi)高(gao)等級的(de)(de)聚落地位(wei)。望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)京(jing)樓(lou)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)門設施(shi)突出體現(xian)了(le)(le)濃(nong)厚的(de)(de)軍(jun)事防(fang)御色彩(cai),為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)較(jiao)早(zao)形制較(jiao)為(wei)完(wan)備(bei)的(de)(de)甕城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。望(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)京(jing)樓(lou)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)代(dai)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)址(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)位(wei)于(yu)同一地點,對(dui)于(yu)探討(tao)夏(xia)(xia)(xia)商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)歷史、夏(xia)(xia)(xia)代(dai)晚(wan)期文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)與商(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)代(dai)早(zao)期文(wen)(wen)(wen)化(hua)更替及(ji)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)早(zao)期城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池建設等問題都(dou)具有重要意義(yi),是極(ji)為(wei)重要的(de)(de)考(kao)古新發(fa)現(xian)。