由來
惠(hui)山泉(quan)為唐大歷元(yuan)年至十(shi)二(er)(er)年(766-777)無(wu)錫令敬澄(cheng)所開(kai)鑿。惠(hui)山的得名(ming)是因為古(gu)代(dai)西域和尚慧照曾在(zai)附近結(jie)廬修(xiu)行,古(gu)代(dai)"慧"、"惠(hui)"二(er)(er)字通用,便稱(cheng)惠(hui)山。惠(hui)山泉(quan)水源于若(ruo)冰(bing)洞,呈(cheng)伏流(liu)而出成泉(quan)。泉(quan)池(chi)(chi)先(xian)圍(wei)砌成上、中(zhong)(zhong)兩池(chi)(chi)。上池(chi)(chi)呈(cheng)八(ba)角(jiao)形,由(you)八(ba)根小巧的方(fang)柱嵌八(ba)塊(kuai)條石(shi)以為欄(lan),池(chi)(chi)深三尺余(yu)。池(chi)(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)泉(quan)水水質很(hen)好,水色透明(ming),甘冽可口。中(zhong)(zhong)池(chi)(chi)緊挨上池(chi)(chi),呈(cheng)四方(fang)形,水體(ti)清(qing)淡,別有風味。至宋代(dai),又在(zai)下(xia)方(fang)開(kai)一大池(chi)(chi),呈(cheng)長方(fang)形,實為魚池(chi)(chi)。明(ming)代(dai)雕(diao)刻(ke)家楊理特在(zai)下(xia)池(chi)(chi)池(chi)(chi)壁雕(diao)刻(ke)了一具螭首,這螭首似龍非龍,俗稱(cheng)石(shi)龍頭,中(zhong)(zhong)池(chi)(chi)泉(quan)水則通過石(shi)龍頭下(xia)注(zhu)到大池(chi)(chi)之中(zhong)(zhong),終年噴(pen)涌不息。池(chi)(chi)前建有供茶(cha)人(ren)品(pin)茗的漪瀾(lan)堂,蘇(su)東坡曾在(zai)此賦詩曰:"還(huan)將(jiang)塵土足,一步漪瀾(lan)堂。"
相(xiang)傳(chuan)唐代陸羽評定了天下水(shui)品二十等,惠山(shan)泉(quan)被(bei)列為天下第(di)(di)二泉(quan)。隨(sui)后,劉伯芻、張又(you)新等唐代著(zhu)名茶(cha)人(ren)又(you)均推(tui)惠山(shan)泉(quan)為天下第(di)(di)二泉(quan),所以人(ren)們也稱它為二泉(quan)。中唐時(shi)(shi)期詩人(ren)李(li)紳曾贊揚(yang)道:"惠山(shan)書堂前(qian),松竹之(zhi)下,有泉(quan)甘爽,乃人(ren)間靈(ling)液,清鑒(jian)肌骨。漱開神慮,茶(cha)得此(ci)(ci)水(shui),皆(jie)盡芳味也。"宋(song)徽宗時(shi)(shi),此(ci)(ci)泉(quan)水(shui)成為宮廷(ting)貢(gong)品。元代翰林學(xue)士(shi)、大(da)(da)書法家趙(zhao)孟(meng)頫(fu)專為惠山(shan)泉(quan)書寫了"天下第(di)(di)二泉(quan)"五個大(da)(da)字,至今仍完(wan)好地保存(cun)在泉(quan)亭后壁上。當時(shi)(shi),趙(zhao)孟(meng)頫(fu)還吟了一首詠(yong)此(ci)(ci)泉(quan)的詩:"南朝古寺惠山(shan)泉(quan),裹名來尋第(di)(di)二泉(quan),貪戀君恩當北去(qu),野花啼鳥漫留連。"
歷史
惠(hui)山(shan)泉名重天(tian)下,四方茶(cha)客們(men)不遠(yuan)千(qian)里(li)前來汲取二(er)泉水(shui)(shui),達官(guan)貴人更是聞(wen)名而至。唐武宗時(shi),宰相李(li)德裕嗜飲二(er)泉水(shui)(shui),便(bian)責令地方官(guan)派人通過"遞鋪"(類似驛站的(de)專門運輸機構),把(ba)泉水(shui)(shui)送到三(san)千(qian)里(li)之(zhi)(zhi)遙的(de)長安,供他(ta)(ta)(ta)煎茗。宋代蘇(su)東坡(po)深通"泉美(mei)茶(cha)香異"之(zhi)(zhi)理(li),他(ta)(ta)(ta)于熙寧年(nian)間(jian),"獨攜天(tian)上(shang)小團月,來試人間(jian)第(di)(di)二(er)泉"。他(ta)(ta)(ta)品(pin)飲之(zhi)(zhi)后,連聲(sheng)贊妙,并把(ba)泉水(shui)(shui)比作乳(ru)(ru)水(shui)(shui),告訴(su)人們(men)說"乳(ru)(ru)水(shui)(shui)君當(dang)饗惠(hui)泉"。南宋第(di)(di)一位皇(huang)帝趙(zhao)構,在(zai)金軍(jun)追(zhui)擊(ji)下被(bei)迫(po)南逃途經無錫時(shi),仍(reng)有(you)雅興(xing)"幸"惠(hui)山(shan)泉品(pin)茗。泉旁的(de)二(er)泉亭,就是當(dang)年(nian)地方官(guan)吏為迎接趙(zhao)構所建。
北宋時(shi),京城一(yi)(yi)(yi)些顯貴(gui)和名士也常常不惜千里之(zhi)遙,以(yi)舟車載(zai)運惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)至開(kai)封。為(wei)(wei)了防止(zhi)長途跋涉(she),水(shui)(shui)味變質,人(ren)(ren)(ren)們在實踐中摸索出(chu)"折洗(xi)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)"的(de)辦法。據(ju)周輝(hui)《清波雜志(zhi)》第四卷記載(zai),惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)運到(dao)(dao)汴(bian)州后,用(yong)細沙(sha)淋(lin)過,便像新汲的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)樣,號稱折洗(xi)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)。用(yong)細沙(sha)淋(lin)過,也就是(shi)用(yong)細沙(sha)將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)過濾一(yi)(yi)(yi)下,去(qu)掉其(qi)塵污雜味。惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)也是(shi)當時(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們相互饋贈的(de)禮品(pin)(pin)。大(da)(da)文學家歐陽(yang)修曾(ceng)以(yi)18年(nian)之(zhi)功撰《集(ji)古錄》十(shi)卷,請他(ta)的(de)好友、大(da)(da)書法家、茶藝大(da)(da)學者蔡襄寫(xie)序,歐陽(yang)修稱此(ci)篇序文"字(zi)尤精(jing)勁,為(wei)(wei)世所珍"。為(wei)(wei)了酬(chou)謝蔡襄,他(ta)精(jing)心準備了4件禮品(pin)(pin),一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)鼠須栗(li)毛筆,一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)銅淥筆格,一(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)大(da)(da)小龍團茶,另一(yi)(yi)(yi)件就是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)瓶(ping)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui),算作潤筆。到(dao)(dao)明(ming)代(dai),講(jiang)究品(pin)(pin)茶的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們慕惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)之(zhi)名,但(dan)外地(di)(di)人(ren)(ren)(ren)畢竟不易得(de)到(dao)(dao)惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui),于是(shi)只好自(zi)制惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui),以(yi)代(dai)替真惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)。明(ming)代(dai)朱國禎記述此(ci)辦法是(shi):先把一(yi)(yi)(yi)般的(de)水(shui)(shui)煮開(kai),放(fang)到(dao)(dao)大(da)(da)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)內,把水(shui)(shui)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)放(fang)置在庭院中曬不到(dao)(dao)太陽(yang)的(de)背陰(yin)地(di)(di)方,待到(dao)(dao)月色皎潔的(de)晚上,打開(kai)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)蓋,以(yi)便承受(shou)夜間露水(shui)(shui)的(de)滋潤,經過如此(ci)三個夜晚,再用(yong)瓢輕(qing)輕(qing)地(di)(di)將(jiang)水(shui)(shui)舀到(dao)(dao)瓷壇中。據(ju)說用(yong)這種水(shui)(shui)"烹茶,與惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)無異(yi)"(《涌幢小品(pin)(pin)》),因此(ci),用(yong)此(ci)法制成的(de)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)叫(jiao)做(zuo)"自(zi)制惠(hui)(hui)(hui)山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)(shui)"。
地理位置
無錫(xi)位于江(jiang)蘇省南部(bu),南臨太湖,西(xi)依(yi)惠山,京杭運河縱貫南北,京滬鐵路橫臥東西(xi),交通(tong)便利,物產豐富,山明(ming)水秀,是(shi)我國(guo)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)的(de)“魚(yu)米之(zhi)鄉”。位于該市西(xi)部(bu)高329米的(de)惠山,綿延20公里,其九(jiu)(jiu)峰(feng)如九(jiu)(jiu)條頑皮的(de)蒼龍,擠在(zai)一起,頭東尾西(xi),淹沒于太湖之(zhi)中(zhong)。“挹九(jiu)(jiu)峰(feng)之(zhi)蒼翠,瞰太湖之(zhi)波(bo)濤”。山間古木參天,幽谷清(qing)靜,自古以來,吸引了許多文(wen)人(ren)墨(mo)客(ke),是(shi)著(zhu)名(ming)(ming)的(de)錫(xi)惠風景游覽勝地。
惠山(shan)(shan)多清泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),歷史(shi)上(shang)(shang)冰有“九龍十三泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”之(zhi)說。位于(yu)惠山(shan)(shan)寺附近(jin)的(de)(de)惠山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)原名漪瀾泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),相(xiang)傳它(ta)是(shi)唐(tang)朝大(da)歷末(mo)年(nian)(公(gong)元779年(nian)),由元錫(xi)縣(xian)令警(jing)澄派人(ren)(ren)開鑿的(de)(de)。共兩池(chi),上(shang)(shang)池(chi)圓(yuan),水(shui)色澄碧,飲(yin)料都在這里汲(ji)取;下(xia)池(chi)方,雖一脈相(xiang)通,但水(shui)質(zhi)不加(jia)上(shang)(shang)池(chi)清澈。唐(tang)朝陸羽在他著的(de)(de)《茶經》中排列名泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)20處,無(wu)錫(xi)惠山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)位居第(di)二。另一位評水(shui)大(da)家劉伯芻認(ren)為:“透(tou)宜于(yu)煮(zhu)茶的(de)(de)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)有七(qi)眼,惠山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)是(shi)第(di)二”。此后“天下(xia)第(di)二泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”之(zhi)名為歷代文人(ren)(ren)名流所公(gong)認(ren)。宋代詩人(ren)(ren)蘇軾曾兩次(ci)游無(wu)錫(xi)品惠山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),留下(xia)了“獨(du)攜天上(shang)(shang)小團月(yue),來試人(ren)(ren)間第(di)二泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”的(de)(de)吟唱,更(geng)使惠山(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生(sheng)輝。
惠(hui)山(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)名不(bu)虛傳,泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)無(wu)色(se)透(tou)明,含(han)礦物質少,水(shui)質優良,甘(gan)美適口,系泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)之(zhi)佼佼者(zhe)。其(qi)原因(yin)(yin)是由于惠(hui)山(shan)奪石(shi)地(di)層為(wei)烏桐石(shi)英砂岸村下水(shui)從(cong)(cong)地(di)層中(zhong)(zhong)涌向地(di)面時,水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)雜質多(duo)數已(yi)在(zai)滲濾過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)除去。相傳唐武(wu)宗時,宰(zai)相李德裕很愛惠(hui)山(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui),曾令地(di)方官使用壇封(feng)裝,馳馬傳遞(di)(di)數千里(li),從(cong)(cong)江蘇運到陜西(xi),供他煎茶(cha)。因(yin)(yin)此唐朝詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)皮(pi)日休曾將此事(shi)(shi)和(he)楊(yang)貴妃驛遞(di)(di)荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)事(shi)(shi)相比聯,作詩(shi)譏諷:“丞相常思(si)煮茗時,郡侯催發(fa)只(zhi)嫌遲;吳國去國三千里(li),莫筆楊(yang)妃愛荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)。”到了宋(song)(song)朝,二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)的聲譽(yu)更高(gao)。蘇東坡向人(ren)(ren)推(tui)薦:“雪芽為(wei)我求陽羨,乳水(shui)君(jun)應餉惠(hui)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。”據宋(song)(song)張(zhang)邦基《墨莊(zhuang)漫錄(lu)》所載:“無(wu)錦惠(hui)山(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui),久(jiu)留(liu)不(bu)敗(bai)(bai),政和(he)甲午歲(sui)(公元1114年)趙霆(ting)始(shi)貢(gong)水(shui)于上方,月(yue)進百(bai)樽。”二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)一(yi)度成(cheng)為(wei)進獻給(gei)皇(huang)帝的貢(gong)品(pin)。宋(song)(song)高(gao)宗兵(bing)敗(bai)(bai)南渡(du)時,也不(bu)忘(wang)飲用二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)。南宋(song)(song)著(zhu)名詩(shi)人(ren)(ren)楊(yang)萬里(li)在(zai)詩(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)稱(cheng)贊二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan):“惠(hui)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)遂(sui)名陸子(zi)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)與陸子(zi)名俱佳。一(yi)瓣佛(fo)香(xiang)炷遺像,幾個(ge)衲(na)子(zi)拜茶(cha)忙……”。惠(hui)山(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水(shui)自泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)壁石(shi)雕的“龍頭”(螭首(shou))中(zhong)(zhong)流出,叮咚作響,清(qing)脆悅耳。泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)畔建有“二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)亭”,泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)池旁的大(da)石(shi)上,鐫刻(ke)著(zhu)“天下第二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)”五個(ge)大(da)字(zi),是元代著(zhu)名書(shu)法家(jia)趙孟頫(fu)(趙子(zi)昂)所題(ti)。趙在(zai)題(ti)字(zi)之(zhi)余,還(huan)題(ti)詩(shi)一(yi)首(shou):“南朝古寺(si)惠(hui)山(shan)前,裹名來尋(xun)第二(er)(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。貪(tan)戀君(jun)思(si)當北(bei)去,野花啼鳥漫留(liu)連。”
明(ming)朝,二(er)(er)泉(quan)更成(cheng)了詩人墨客、達官(guan)貴人品茗游玩,題詠不絕的地方(fang)。特(te)別是(shi)明(ming)初聽松庵的高(gao)僧性(xing)海,請湖(hu)州竹(zhu)工(gong)做(zuo)了個(ge)天圓地方(fang),形成(cheng)乾坤壺的竹(zhu)爐,以二(er)(er)泉(quan)水煮茗待客。著(zhu)名畫家(jia)王紱于洪武廿(nian)八年(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1395年(nian))為竹(zhu)爐作畫,并有詩云:“寒(han)齋夜不眠(mian),淪茗坐爐邊;伙火煨(wei)山栗,敲(qiao)冰汲澗泉(quan),瓦鐺(dang)翻(fan)白云,竹(zhu)牖出青煙;一啜鳳生腑,俄警骨已仙!”足見其傾倒之情。著(zhu)名畫家(jia)文徵明(ming),在(zai)明(ming)正德十三年(nian)(公(gong)(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)1518年(nian))二(er)(er)月十九日清明(ming)節(jie),
與友人茶會于惠山,興會所致揮毫作了《惠山茶會圖》,設(she)色(se)紙本,再現了詩(shi)人、畫(hua)家竹爐煮(zhu)茗,茅亭小憩的情景,這(zhe)一(yi)珍(zhen)貴(gui)畫(hua)卷,珍(zhen)藏故(gu)宮博物院。
水質
惠山泉水(shui)為山水(shui),即通過巖層裂隙過濾了流淌的地下(xia)水(shui),因此其含(han)雜質(zhi)極微(wei),"味(wei)甘"而"質(zhi)輕",宜以(yi)"煎茶(cha)為上"。清(qing)乾隆皇帝計量(liang)各地名泉,量(liang)得惠山泉水(shui)為每(mei)量(liang)斗重(zhong)一兩零(ling)四(si)厘,僅(jin)比(bi)北(bei)京玉泉水(shui)稍重(zhong)略(lve)微(wei)。近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)經多次化驗,知惠山泉水(shui)所(suo)含(han)礦(kuang)物(wu)質(zhi)有(you)鈣、鎂、碳酸(suan)鹽(yan)等及微(wei)量(liang)氡氣,表面張力大,水(shui)高出杯口數毫(hao)米而不溢,水(shui)質(zhi)清(qing)澈透(tou)明而無任(ren)何有(you)害(hai)物(wu)質(zhi),與(yu)世界衛生組織(zhi)及美、日(ri)等國家的飲用水(shui)水(shui)質(zhi)相(xiang)比(bi)較,確系當今世界飲用水(shui)中(zhong)之佼佼者。
“異”與“癖”
由(you)于惠山泉水(shui)(shui)"上(shang)好",所以古代(dai)許多茶(cha)葉專家紛紛前來品(pin)嘗研討。華淑(shu)在《二泉記略》中(zhong)就(jiu)總結了惠山泉的"三(san)(san)異"與"三(san)(san)癖(pi)":"泉有三(san)(san)異,兩(liang)池共(gong)亭,圓池甘美,絕異方池,一異也(ye);一鏡澄澈,旱潦自如,二異也(ye);澗泉清寒(han),多至伐性,此(ci)則甘芳溫潤(run),大(da)益靈府(fu),三(san)(san)異也(ye)。更(geng)有三(san)(san)癖(pi),沸須瓦缶(fou)炭火,次銅(tong)錫器(qi),若(ruo)入(ru)鍋熾薪(xin),便不堪啜,一癖(pi);酒(jiu)鄉茗碗(wan),為(wei)功斯大(da),以炊飲作糜,反遜(xun)井泉,二癖(pi)也(ye);木(mu)器(qi)止用(yong)暫汲(ji),經時則味(wei)敗,入(ru)盆盎久而(er)不變(bian),三(san)(san)癖(pi)也(ye)。"這"三(san)(san)異三(san)(san)癖(pi)",實際上(shang)是具體細致地分析總結了惠山泉水(shui)(shui)的特色(se)和煮茶(cha)的禁忌。
評價
歷代名流對惠山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)均有(you)(you)很高評價,褒獎(jiang)惟恐不(bu)及。其中不(bu)乏為(wei)(wei)惠山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)屈居第二泉(quan)(quan)(quan)而鳴(ming)不(bu)平(ping)之(zhi)(zhi)作。劉遠(yuan)的《惠山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)》有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)詩(shi)(shi):"靈脈(mo)發山(shan)(shan)(shan)根(gen),涓涓才一(yi)(yi)滴(di)。寶劍護深源,蒼(cang)珉環甃(zhou)壁(bi)。鑒形須(xu)眉分,當(dang)暑挹寒(han)冽。一(yi)(yi)酌(zhuo)舉瓢空,過齒如激雪。不(bu)異醴泉(quan)(quan)(quan)甘,宛(wan)同神瀵潔。快飲(yin)可(ke)洗胸,所惜(xi)姑濯熱。品第冠寰(huan)中,名色固已揭。世無陸子知,淄澠誰與別(bie)。"明代有(you)(you)位鎮(zhen)江知府,盡管被譽為(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)下第一(yi)(yi)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)的中泠(ling)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)就在他(ta)(ta)的轄區之(zhi)(zhi)內,但他(ta)(ta)還是認為(wei)(wei)第一(yi)(yi)的桂冠應該讓給惠山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)。詩(shi)(shi)人王世貞也(ye)吟(yin)出:"一(yi)(yi)勺清泠(ling)下九咽,分明仙掌露珠(zhu)圓;空勞(lao)陸羽輕題品,天(tian)(tian)下誰當(dang)第一(yi)(yi)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)?"公元1751年(nian),乾隆皇帝南巡,經無錫品嘗了惠山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)后,援(yuan)筆題詩(shi)(shi),內中也(ye)有(you)(you)"中泠(ling)江眼(yan)固應讓"之(zhi)(zhi)句,說(shuo)明惠山(shan)(shan)(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)水確實(shi)為(wei)(wei)天(tian)(tian)下稀珍之(zhi)(zhi)物,宜茶之(zhi)(zhi)水。
景觀
二(er)泉(quan)亭(ting)上(shang)有景徽堂(tang),在(zai)此可(ke)品嘗二(er)泉(quan)水烹(peng)煮的香(xiang)茗,并(bing)欣賞泉(quan)周圍的美妙景致。從(cong)(cong)二(er)泉(quan)亭(ting)北上(shang)有竹爐山房(fang)、秋雨堂(tang)、隔(ge)紅塵(chen)廊、云起樓(lou)等(deng)古建筑。聽松(song)堂(tang)也在(zai)二(er)泉(quan)亭(ting)附近。亭(ting)內置一古銅(tong)色巨石(shi),稱(cheng)為石(shi)床,光可(ke)鑒(jian)人(ren),可(ke)以偃(yan)臥(wo)。石(shi)床一端鐫刻"聽松(song)"二(er)字,為唐代書法家李陽冰所書。皮日休(xiu)在(zai)此聽過松(song)濤,留有詩句:"殿(dian)前日暮高風起,松(song)子聲聲打石(shi)床。"從(cong)(cong)二(er)泉(quan)亭(ting)登山可(ke)達惠山山頂,縱眺太(tai)湖風景,歷歷在(zai)目(mu)。
藝術成果
惠(hui)山(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)不僅水甘美、茶情佳,而且還孕育(yu)(yu)了一(yi)(yi)位(wei)我國(guo)優秀(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)民間(jian)(jian)藝(yi)術家(jia)阿(a)炳和蜚聲海內外的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)曲(qu)(qu)《二(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)映月》。"甃(zhou)石封(feng)苔百尺深(shen),試茶嘗味(wei)少(shao)知(zhi)音。惟(wei)余(yu)半夜泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)月,留照先生一(yi)(yi)片心。"宋代(dai)(dai)文人(ren)(ren)(ren)已經(jing)寫出了鐘情"半夜泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)月"的(de)(de)(de)詩句。到(dao)了清(qing)朝(chao)光(guang)(guang)(guang)緒年(nian)間(jian)(jian),無錫雷遵殿道(dao)觀出了個(ge)小(xiao)道(dao)士(shi),名(ming)(ming)(ming)字叫阿(a)炳,原(yuan)名(ming)(ming)(ming)華(hua)彥鈞。阿(a)炳青年(nian)時雙(shuang)眼因目疾而先后失明。他(ta)從(cong)小(xiao)就酷愛音樂(le),在(zai)(zai)其(qi)父道(dao)士(shi)華(hua)清(qing)和的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)授下,二(er)(er)胡(hu)演奏(zou)技藝(yi)漸臻圓熟(shu)精(jing)深(shen),最(zui)后達到(dao)深(shen)高造詣,以(yi)致(zhi)無錫的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)們譽他(ta)為"小(xiao)天師(shi)"。他(ta)常在(zai)(zai)夜深(shen)人(ren)(ren)(ren)靜(jing)之(zhi)時,摸到(dao)惠(hui)山(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)畔,聆聽那丁冬泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)聲,手掬(ju)清(qing)涼的(de)(de)(de)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水,神(shen)接皎潔的(de)(de)(de)月光(guang)(guang)(guang),幻想著人(ren)(ren)(ren)間(jian)(jian)能有(you)自由(you)幸福的(de)(de)(de)生活。他(ta)用二(er)(er)胡(hu)的(de)(de)(de)音律(lv)抒發(fa)內心的(de)(de)(de)憂(you)憤和人(ren)(ren)(ren)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)疾苦,祈盼光(guang)(guang)(guang)明幸福的(de)(de)(de)降臨(lin),作出了許多二(er)(er)胡(hu)演奏(zou)曲(qu)(qu),其(qi)中(zhong)以(yi)惠(hui)山(shan)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)為素材的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)曲(qu)(qu)《二(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)映月》最(zui)膾炙人(ren)(ren)(ren)口。此(ci)曲(qu)(qu)節奏(zou)明快(kuai)鮮明,旋(xuan)律(lv)清(qing)越動(dong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。二(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)孕育(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)名(ming)(ming)(ming)曲(qu)(qu)《二(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)映月》,它和名(ming)(ming)(ming)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)一(yi)(yi)樣清(qing)新流暢,發(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)幽思(si),催人(ren)(ren)(ren)奮進。人(ren)(ren)(ren)們為紀念這(zhe)位(wei)著名(ming)(ming)(ming)民間(jian)(jian)音樂(le)藝(yi)術家(jia),1984年(nian)在(zai)(zai)二(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)亭(ting)(ting)重(zhong)建了華(hua)彥鈞之(zhi)墓。 從(cong)二(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)亭(ting)(ting)北上,還有(you)清(qing)代(dai)(dai)竹爐(lu)山(shan)房、秋雨堂、云起樓等。秋雨堂結構精(jing)巧,陳設古雅,中(zhong)國(guo)電(dian)影《家(jia)》曾取景于此(ci)。聽松亭(ting)(ting)也(ye)在(zai)(zai)二(er)(er)泉(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)附近。亭(ting)(ting)內有(you)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)古銅色巨石,平坦光(guang)(guang)(guang)滑,可橫臥(wo)一(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren),稱“石床”。一(yi)(yi)端鐫有(you)“聽松”二(er)(er)字,是中(zhong)國(guo)唐代(dai)(dai)書(shu)法家(jia)李陽冰所書(shu)。