建造歷史
唐陀羅尼經幢,建于(yu)唐乾符三年(876)。高(gao)6.26米, 底部(bu)直徑(jing)1.48米。由幢基(ji)(ji)、幢身、幢頂(ding)三部(bu)分(fen)組成(cheng)。幢基(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)三組八(ba)(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)束腰(yao)式(shi)基(ji)(ji)座(zuo),底部(bu)為(wei)(wei)束腰(yao)形(xing)(xing)須彌山;中間一組底座(zuo)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)滿刻海水紋,八(ba)(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)束腰(yao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)浮雕獅(shi)子(zi)四個(ge)(ge),姿態各異,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)乘覆(fu)蓮(lian)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)托座(zuo);上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面一組八(ba)(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)束腰(yao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)面刻壺門(men)式(shi)龕(kan)八(ba)(ba)個(ge)(ge),內雕佛像(xiang),結跏(jia)趺坐,其(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)仰蓮(lian)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban),仰蓮(lian)之上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)八(ba)(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)座(zuo),每面刻欄(lan)桿,轉(zhuan)角(jiao)處(chu)為(wei)(wei)蓮(lian)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)首(shou)望柱。幢身立于(yu)欄(lan)桿石(shi)座(zuo)之上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang),作八(ba)(ba)棱(leng)形(xing)(xing)石(shi)柱,遍(bian)刻佛頂(ding)尊勝陀羅尼經,系白(bai)鹿山人李端符書。幢身上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)八(ba)(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)蓋(gai)裝飾,角(jiao)隅處(chu)均飾獅(shi)首(shou),口銜(xian)連珠狀瓔絡帶。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)蓋(gai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)置扁圓狀石(shi),四面刻寶(bao)(bao)(bao)相花(hua)圖案(an)。其(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)承托仰蓮(lian)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban),蓮(lian)瓣(ban)(ban)(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)發現有(you)八(ba)(ba)個(ge)(ge)方形(xing)(xing)柱洞,估計原有(you)石(shi)雕勾(gou)欄(lan),現已全(quan)部(bu)散失。仰蓮(lian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)束腰(yao)柱形(xing)(xing),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)刻壺門(men)式(shi)龕(kan)八(ba)(ba)個(ge)(ge),內雕佛像(xiang),結跏(jia)趺坐,其(qi)(qi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)八(ba)(ba)角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)蓋(gai),角(jiao)隅處(chu)雕有(you)力士頭像(xiang),分(fen)別淺雕有(you)牛、羊、鹿角(jiao)和(he)獠牙。寶(bao)(bao)(bao)蓋(gai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)置扁圓形(xing)(xing)石(shi),上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)刻瑞花(hua)圖案(an)。幢頂(ding)為(wei)(wei)八(ba)(ba)角(jiao)攢尖頂(ding),檐角(jiao)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)翹,上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)置扁圓形(xing)(xing)石(shi),未見紋飾,最上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)珠。
宋(song)大(da)白(bai)傘蓋神咒(zhou)(zhou)幢,建于北宋(song)熙寧三(san)年(1070),由無錫縣萬壽鄉(xiang)靜安里劉(liu)元規等建。高6.22米,底(di)座直(zhi)徑1.40米。其形(xing)制(zhi)和大(da)小(xiao)與唐陀(tuo)羅(luo)尼經(jing)(jing)幢基(ji)本相同,幢身刻咒(zhou)(zhou)而不刻經(jing)(jing),文(wen)字上下兩端刻三(san)角形(xing)和折線紋組成的邊飾。
唐宋石經(jing)幢歷(li)經(jing)千年變遷,幢基最下部三層已(yi)(yi)湮埋于今(jin)地表下,地面(mian)部分也已(yi)(yi)殘(can)蝕傾斜。1998年11月,由(you)南京博物院文物保護(hu)技(ji)術研究所負責全面(mian)修復,將兩幢埋于地下的(de)三層升高(gao)至今(jin)地 面(mian)上,并采取扶正、補缺及防風化措施,重(zhong)新恢復惠山寺經(jing)幢原貌。
形態特征
惠山寺經幢是江南地區現存較為(wei)完整的(de)佛教石刻(ke)藝術遺物(wu)。幢身(shen)高大,形體(ti)華麗,雕刻(ke)精美,顯示出晚唐時代(dai)的(de)雕刻(ke)藝術風格。為(wei)研究我國古代(dai)佛教藝術和無錫地方歷史,提供了珍貴的(de)實物(wu)資料。