故居介紹
門(men)(men)家(jia)河(he)門(men)(men)克(ke)新(xin)故居,為(wei)(wei)(wei)門(men)(men)克(ke)新(xin)祖居及其(qi)出生老宅,位(wei)于天水(shui)(shui)市區南郊約6公(gong)里的(de)(de)秦州區皂郊鎮門(men)(men)家(jia)河(he)村(cun)。該村(cun)坐東(dong)向西,北(bei)依(yi)盤龍山(shan),赤峪河(he)從村(cun)前(qian)流過(guo)。門(men)(men)氏(shi)家(jia)族院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)分(fen)布在(zai)該村(cun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)部位(wei)置,最高(gao)處(chu)的(de)(de)三級(ji)小平(ping)(ping)臺(tai)地上(shang),祖居老院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進兩(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)另附一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)格(ge)局,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)層(ceng)臺(tai)地為(wei)(wei)(wei)書房(fang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),下層(ceng)臺(tai)地上(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)門(men)(men)氏(shi)族人(ren)居住宅院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),但建(jian)(jian)造(zao)較(jiao)晚(wan),約在(zai)清(qing)代(dai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)晚(wan)期(qi)建(jian)(jian)成。上(shang)下五(wu)座院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)占地面積約2064平(ping)(ping)方米。最高(gao)臺(tai)地上(shang)的(de)(de)三個(ge)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)群,占地面積約1260平(ping)(ping)方米。在(zai)2、3兩(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間開(kai)設大門(men)(men),北(bei)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)坐北(bei)面南,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)進兩(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)過(guo)廳(ting)(ting)為(wei)(wei)(wei)空(kong)間地帶(dai)界定建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。后院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)后廳(ting)(ting)房(fang),前(qian)后兩(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),東(dong)西各有(you)三間廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)。正南有(you)兩(liang)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)門(men)(men)廳(ting)(ting)。大門(men)(men)右(you)進南院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之(zhi)南為(wei)(wei)(wei)廳(ting)(ting)房(fang),東(dong)有(you)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)三間。西有(you)廂(xiang)(xiang)房(fang)三間,并帶(dai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)間兩(liang)坡水(shui)(shui)屋面的(de)(de)小樓。三級(ji)臺(tai)地上(shang)之(zhi)三組(zu)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落(luo),在(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)上(shang),是(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)處(chu)四合院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)式古(gu)民居,建(jian)(jian)造(zao)結構(gou)古(gu)樸。而(er)最高(gao)臺(tai)地院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)落(luo)群中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),現存獨具風(feng)格(ge)的(de)(de)元代(dai)末期(qi)的(de)(de)二層(ceng)木樓一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座,俗稱“銹花(hua)樓”。為(wei)(wei)(wei)上(shang)下兩(liang)層(ceng)雙坡水(shui)(shui)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu),構(gou)建(jian)(jian)古(gu)樸,雕(diao)刻精(jing)美。其(qi)雕(diao)刻花(hua)紋在(zai)明(ming)清(qing)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)多見,經初步考證,該樓檐下平(ping)(ping)板(ban)枋上(shang)的(de)(de)耍頭有(you)兩(liang)朵云(yun)造(zao)型(xing),長(chang)27厘米,高(gao)18厘米,厚(hou)9厘米,其(qi)前(qian)半部分(fen)內大外小,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)含一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)圓球型(xing)浮雕(diao),后半部分(fen)是(shi)漸細且長(chang),尾部為(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)朵小云(yun)式圖案,荷花(hua)紋花(hua)板(ban)簡約粗獷,具有(you)元代(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風(feng)格(ge)。其(qi)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)藝術和文物價值很高(gao),可(ke)視為(wei)(wei)(wei)古(gu)代(dai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)典(dian)型(xing)的(de)(de)造(zao)型(xing)標本。尚無(wu)它(ta)例可(ke)比,可(ke)以(yi)說絕無(wu)僅有(you)。它(ta)是(shi)門(men)(men)氏(shi)家(jia)族早在(zai)元代(dai)就居住過(guo)的(de)(de)故宅,僅唯獨有(you)的(de)(de)小木樓一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)座。
文獻考證
1958年(nian)(nian),天水火柴廠擴建(jian)(jian)廠房時(shi)(shi)將其墓地(di)征用,挖掘地(di)基時(shi)(shi)發現門公(gong)棺木及隨葬品多件,有(you)明制(zhi)官(guan)帽(mao)一頂,身著(zhu)朝服(fu),金銀(yin)佩飾(shi),明幣及金銀(yin)元(yuan)寶(bao),竹(zhu)木、陶器及絲(si)綢織品和(he)遺(yi)物(wu),并(bing)出土墓志銘一塊(時(shi)(shi)有(you)挖掘記(ji)(ji)錄)。《天水縣志》對其墓地(di)方位有(you)記(ji)(ji)載。天水文廟西側建(jian)(jian)有(you)《門克(ke)新祠堂》一座,豎(shu)立(li)《秦州鄉賢祠記(ji)(ji)》碑(bei)一通,高(gao)175厘米,寬79厘米,厚26厘米。碑(bei)文545字,文字清(qing)晰可辨,是明代(dai)成化(hua)十五年(nian)(nian)(巳亥),即公(gong)元(yuan)1479年(nian)(nian)刻立(li)的石碑(bei)(此碑(bei)現存天水文廟碑(bei)廊)。
據考門(men)克新(xin)故居在門(men)家河村,門(men)氏后裔一(yi)支遷往秦(qin)州(zhou)城楊家樓59號院(yuan)居住,此院(yuan)為一(yi)進二院(yuan),主(zhu)北(bei)房座(zuo)北(bei)朝(chao)南(nan),抬(tai)梁五檁六椽,補作間鋪作一(yi)斗,攀間象(xiang)鼻(bi)狀(zhuang)二朵云(yun),懸(xuan)山頂,兩坡水,有哺龍脊室(shi)。倒座(zuo)已包檐,東(dong)西廈房,單坡水。為明代早(zao)期四(si)合院(yuan)建筑格局。在城市改造(zao)中,因商品房建筑用地需要被(bei)拆除。
門克新簡介
明洪武初(chu)為秦州教諭三十(shi)余年,受(shou)學者甚眾(zhong)。入(ru)朝述職后為官(guan),初(chu)任(ren)左贊善,以(yi)博學、耿直見重(zhong)。旋升(sheng)遷官(guan)至禮部尚書(shu),年近古稀,禮事多爛,不(bu)久病倒。皇(huang)帝(di)朱元璋命太醫治療,又不(bu)停俸祿(lu)及至逝(shi)世。逝(shi)后皇(huang)帝(di)親自(zi)致祭,又命司禮監典簿楊(yang)馬(ma)兒(er)祭奠于(yu)其(qi)家,歸葬(zang)故里秦州,墳塋墓地(di)在(zai)城北泰山廟腳下。