一.產品介紹
血(xue)桃(tao)外表是暗紅色毛毛糙糙的沒什么看頭(tou)。個頭(tou)也不大,頭(tou)有點(dian)尖尖的。可是一(yi)口咬開里頭(tou)的瓤是血(xue)絲般的紅,就像身(shen)體上(shang)的紅色血(xue)管,一(yi)根根 ,連(lian)汁水(shui)都是血(xue)紅色。那么的濃烈、沁入心脾。這種桃(tao)子叫做“血(xue)桃(tao)”。
形態特征
血(xue)(xue)(xue)桃(tao)為荔(li)波血(xue)(xue)(xue)桃(tao),色(se)(se)澤鮮艷、口感爽脆、果(guo)肉呈(cheng)鮮紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se),品德(de)上(shang)乘。紫血(xue)(xue)(xue)桃(tao)月15日成熟(shu),單果(guo)重250克,最大(da)500克,果(guo)近圓形(xing),果(guo)面紫紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se),果(guo)肉鮮紅(hong)(hong)色(se)(se),其汁如血(xue)(xue)(xue),含(han)糖14%,甜酸可(ke)口,風味精美,品德(de)上(shang)等(deng),較(jiao)耐儲運,可(ke)自(zi)然貯存(cun)7-10天。不(bu)裂(lie)果(guo),豐收性強。
營養價值
血桃的養分價值血桃有補益(yi)氣血,養陰(yin)生(sheng)津的作用(yong),可用(yong)于大病之后,氣血虧虛,面黃肌瘦,心悸氣短者;
血(xue)桃(tao)的(de)(de)含(han)鐵量較(jiao)高,是缺(que)鐵性(xing)貧血(xue)病人(ren)的(de)(de)理想幫助食物;血(xue)桃(tao)含(han)鉀(jia)多,含(han)鈉少,合適(shi)水腫(zhong)病人(ren)食用;血(xue)桃(tao)仁有活血(xue)化淤,潤腸(chang)通便作(zuo)用,可用于閉經(jing)跌打損傷等(deng)幫助治療(liao);血(xue)桃(tao)仁提(ti)取物有抗凝血(xue)作(zuo)用,并能克制咳嗽中(zhong)樞而止咳,同時能使血(xue)壓(ya)降落,可用于高血(xue)壓(ya)病人(ren)的(de)(de)幫助治療(liao)。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
2.1 土(tu)(tu)壤地貌(mao)情況 熊背(bei)地處魯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西南部,位于(yu)伏牛山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東麓與(yu)平(ping)原交界地帶(dai)(dai),地貌(mao)屬(shu)淺(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)到高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的過渡(du)地帶(dai)(dai),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)川縱橫(heng),以中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為主,海拔(ba)(ba)150-620米之間,平(ping)均海拔(ba)(ba)200米。最高(gao)主峰是大(da)(da)(da)石垛,海拔(ba)(ba)620米,最低是龍泉寺(si)瀼(rang)河(he)(he)河(he)(he)底(di),海拔(ba)(ba)150米,整體(ti)地勢西高(gao)東低。土(tu)(tu)壤類(lei)型(xing)包括石質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)和粗骨土(tu)(tu)兩(liang)類(lei),部分淺(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)地帶(dai)(dai)有(you)黃棕壤土(tu)(tu),據縣土(tu)(tu)肥站測定土(tu)(tu)壤有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)0.83%、全氮0.078%、有(you)效(xiao)磷(lin)25.98ppm、速效(xiao)鉀95ppm,pH值5.6-6.8,鐵含量(liang)47.83ppm,土(tu)(tu)壤通透(tou)性(xing)好,無污染源,非常適合血(xue)桃(tao)生長。 2.2 水(shui)文情況 境內水(shui)資源豐富。熊背(bei)鄉屬(shu)魯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣降(jiang)雨中(zhong)心之一,平(ping)均年(nian)降(jiang)雨量(liang)在950mm,全鄉有(you)主要河(he)(he)流(liu)2條,其中(zhong)包括瀼(rang)河(he)(he)、草店河(he)(he),全長29公里,另(ling)有(you)石珂水(shui)庫、陰司溝(gou)水(shui)庫、響潭溝(gou)水(shui)庫、里溝(gou)水(shui)庫總儲水(shui)量(liang)64萬立方米。 2.3 氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情況 魯山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣熊背(bei)鄉屬(shu)暖溫帶(dai)(dai)大(da)(da)(da)陸性(xing)季(ji)風氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),晝夜溫差較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da),年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)溫14.8℃,光照充足(zu),年(nian)均日(ri)(ri)照時數在2068小時左右,日(ri)(ri)照率47%,無霜期(qi)為220天,適合于(yu)桃(tao)樹(shu) 種(zhong)植。冬季(ji)不甚冷, 春季(ji)回(hui)溫快,6、7、8月份氣(qi)(qi)溫較(jiao)高(gao),氣(qi)(qi)溫日(ri)(ri)較(jiao)差大(da)(da)(da),有(you)利于(yu)干(gan)物質(zhi)(zhi)積累(lei),果品品質(zhi)(zhi)優良。
三.地域范圍
“大(da)年溝血(xue)(xue)桃”農產(chan)品地理標志登記地域(yu)保(bao)護,魯山縣(xian)熊(xiong)背鄉大(da)年溝、寶山、南子(zi)營(ying)、大(da)麥王(wang)(wang)、草店、熊(xiong)背、老廟莊、宿(su)王(wang)(wang)店、黃(huang)土(tu)嶺(ling)、月(yue)明(ming)石、桃園溝、交口等12個行(xing)政村,地理坐標為東經112°45′至(zhi)112°49′,北緯(wei)33°36′至(zhi)33°41′,東西寬5.8公里,南北長9.8公里,適(shi)宜血(xue)(xue)桃生產(chan)面積約3.5萬畝,產(chan)量52500噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
4.1 外在感官特征 “大年溝血桃(tao)(tao)”果形圓正,紅(hong)(hong)若丹(dan)霞(xia),果肉(rou)、果核容易分離,富含深紅(hong)(hong)似(si)血的果肉(rou) ,食(shi)之綿軟香甜,回味悠長。 4.2 內在品質指標 據農業(ye)部農產品質量檢(jian)測檢(jian)驗(yan)鑒定中心(鄭州(zhou))檢(jian)測:每(mei)100g “大年溝血桃(tao)(tao)”中可(ke)溶性(xing)固(gu)形物含量為11~13.5g;維生素C 7.24~7.41㎎;鉀(jia)169~190㎎;鈣6.32~7.45mg。
五.特定生產方式
3.1 園(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze) 大(da)(da)年溝(gou)血(xue)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)產地(di)(di)(di)(di)應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)質(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)、粗骨土(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)(he)河(he)谷中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)由山體沖積而(er)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)土(tu)(tu),盡可(ke)能有(you)(you)灌溉條件、環(huan)(huan)境清潔,無(wu)(wu)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)建(jian)(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)。產地(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境符合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)NY5013—2006 無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)食(shi)品(pin)(pin) 林(lin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)類(lei)產品(pin)(pin)產地(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)。 3.2 苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)繁(fan)(fan)育 3.2.1 品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze) 大(da)(da)年溝(gou)血(xue)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)是(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)傳(chuan)統品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)純正、無(wu)(wu)變異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。 3.2.2 砧木(mu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze) 應(ying)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)山上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)毛(mao)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)做(zuo)(zuo)砧木(mu) 。野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)毛(mao)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)根(gen)系發(fa)(fa)達,抗(kang)逆性(xing)(xing)(xing)強,抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),親和(he)(he)(he)力強,是(shi)繁(fan)(fan)育血(xue)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)砧木(mu)。 3.2.3 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 3.2.3.1播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian) 大(da)(da)年溝(gou)血(xue)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)以(yi)(yi)秋(qiu)季(ji)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)春(chun)播(bo)(bo)。秋(qiu)播(bo)(bo)一(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)11月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)(fen)或(huo)(huo)(huo)土(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)結(jie)(jie)凍(dong)(dong)前(qian)(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing),春(chun)播(bo)(bo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)3月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)解凍(dong)(dong)后(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。 3.2.3.2 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa) 秋(qiu)播(bo)(bo)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)純度在(zai)(zai)(zai)95%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),發(fa)(fa)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)率(lv)在(zai)(zai)(zai)90%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)清水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)浸泡(pao)2~3d,按(an)寬行(xing)(xing)(xing)60㎝~80㎝,窄(zhai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)20㎝~25㎝,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)距(ju)15㎝播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),溝(gou)深(shen)4㎝~5㎝左右,播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)覆土(tu)(tu)、耙平(ping)。春(chun)播(bo)(bo)要(yao)(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)(qian)100-120d,先(xian)將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)浸泡(pao)2~3d,然后(hou)埋(mai)入含(han)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)率(lv)12%~15%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)沙(sha)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沙(sha)藏(zang),沙(sha)藏(zang)溫度2℃~7℃。播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)同秋(qiu)播(bo)(bo)。 3.2.3.3 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang) 留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)苗(miao)(miao)0.7萬株(zhu)(zhu)/667m2左右,播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)50㎏~60㎏/667㎡。 3.2.4 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)管(guan)理(li)(li) 播(bo)(bo)后(hou)保持(chi)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)疏(shu)(shu)松無(wu)(wu)雜草(cao),結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)追肥(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素6㎏~8㎏/667㎡。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長季(ji)可(ke)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)噴(pen)藥進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)300倍(bei)尿素水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溶液(ye)(ye)2~3次(ci)(ci)。 3.2.5嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie) 3.2.5.1 嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa) 大(da)(da)年溝(gou)血(xue)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)丁字(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)(fa)或(huo)(huo)(huo)帶木(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)(bu) 芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)法(fa)(fa)(fa)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。 3.2.5.2 嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian) 一(yi)(yi)年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)苗(miao)(miao)和(he)(he)(he)二(er)(er)年 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)8月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)(fen)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。 3.2.5.3接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)穗(sui)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze) 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)純正,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長健壯,無(wu)(wu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優質(zhi)(zhi)豐(feng)產樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)作(zuo)采(cai)穗(sui)母株(zhu)(zhu),在(zai)(zai)(zai)母株(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)已木(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當(dang)(dang)年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)新梢(shao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條做(zuo)(zuo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)穗(sui),剪(jian)去(qu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian),留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)下(xia)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)柄,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濕(shi)(shi)布(bu)(bu)包(bao)好備用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 3.2.6 嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)管(guan)理(li)(li) 芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)7~10d檢查成(cheng)活率(lv),未成(cheng)活的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)補接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。一(yi)(yi)年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)成(cheng)活后(hou),及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)剪(jian)砧除(chu)(chu)萌(meng)(meng)。芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)苗(miao)(miao)和(he)(he)(he)二(er)(er)年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)嫁(jia)(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)成(cheng)活苗(miao)(miao)于翌春(chun)發(fa)(fa)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)前(qian)(qian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)上(shang)(shang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)0.5㎝處剪(jian)砧,促其接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)萌(meng)(meng)發(fa)(fa),砧木(mu)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)除(chu)(chu)萌(meng)(meng)。剪(jian)砧后(hou),追施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素15㎏~20㎏/667㎡,并(bing)(bing)及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、松土(tu)(tu)保墑。8~9月(yue)(yue)噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)300倍(bei)磷酸二(er)(er)氫鉀(jia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溶液(ye)(ye)1~2次(ci)(ci)。并(bing)(bing)注意及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、螨(man)(man)類(lei)、潛葉(xie)(xie)(xie)蛾、金龜子(zi)、白粉(fen)(fen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等苗(miao)(miao)木(mu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。 3.3 建(jian)(jian)園(yuan)(yuan) 3.3.1 園(yuan)(yuan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)理(li)(li) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)區內(nei)(nei)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)(ze)土(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)厚,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH值6.0~7.0,排灌良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)或(huo)(huo)(huo)河(he)谷平(ping)地(di)(di)(di)(di)建(jian)(jian)園(yuan)(yuan)。丘陵坡地(di)(di)(di)(di)應(ying)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)梯(ti)田整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)(di),采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)坑客土(tu)(tu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)。 3.3.2 定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)密(mi)度 栽植(zhi)根(gen)據(ju)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)修剪(jian)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)而(er)定(ding)(ding)。一(yi)(yi)般自(zi)然開(kai)(kai)心(xin)型整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽植(zhi)密(mi)度為(wei)株(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)3m×4m,每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)55株(zhu)(zhu);Y字(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽植(zhi)密(mi)度為(wei)3m×2m,每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)110株(zhu)(zhu);主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)型整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽植(zhi)密(mi)度為(wei)2m×1m,每(mei)(mei)畝(mu)330株(zhu)(zhu)。 3.4 整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)修剪(jian) 3.4.1 整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 3.4.1.1 自(zi)然開(kai)(kai)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 干(gan)(gan)(gan)高(gao)50cm-60cm,選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)上(shang)(shang)分布(bu)(bu)錯落(luo)(luo)有(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)向不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)正南;主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度在(zai)(zai)(zai)40o~70o;每(mei)(mei)個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配置2個(ge)(ge)~3個(ge)(ge)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。呈順向排列(lie),側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)(kai)張角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度70o左右。 3.4.1.2 Y字(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 干(gan)(gan)(gan)高(gao)40cm~50cm,選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)2個(ge)(ge)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度60o~90o,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)培(pei)養(yang)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組。 3.4.1.3 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)高(gao)170-200cm,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)基(ji)部(bu)(bu)60cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)分布(bu)(bu)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25-30個(ge)(ge),不(bu)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)側枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組. 3.4.2.1 冬(dong)季(ji)修剪(jian) 對(dui)(dui)于自(zi)然開(kai)(kai)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)Y字(zi)(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing) 重點培(pei)養(yang)骨干(gan)(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),培(pei)養(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)。對(dui)(dui)先(xian)端生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長勢(shi)強,角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度不(bu)開(kai)(kai)張的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),要(yao)(yao)(yao)拉(la)開(kai)(kai)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度,疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)分直(zhi)立(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、競爭(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),延長枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甩放(fang)(fang)不(bu)短裁。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)粗壯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、直(zhi)立(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、密(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)均勻留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)取帶有(you)(you)花(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25-30個(ge)(ge)。 3.4.2.2 夏季(ji)修剪(jian) 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)(li)落(luo)(luo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)剪(jian)除(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、枯(ku)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),抹(mo)除(chu)(chu)根(gen)頸和(he)(he)(he)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)上(shang)(shang)無(wu)(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)萌(meng)(meng)蘗,定(ding)(ding)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)密(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、竟爭(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)枯(ku)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)摘心(xin)、扭梢(shao)、拉(la)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、控(kong)制主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)延長枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)附近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)(he)內(nei)(nei)膛萌(meng)(meng)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徒長枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.5 肥(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)(li) 3.5.1 基(ji)肥(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)收后(hou),結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)事清園(yuan)(yuan)深(shen)翻土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)肥(fei),每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)家(jia)肥(fei)30㎏。 3.5.2 追肥(fei) 分三次(ci)(ci)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)2月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)開(kai)(kai)花(hua)前(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)月(yue)(yue),每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)1㎏;在(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun),對(dui)(dui)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)0.4—0.6㎏; 在(zai)(zai)(zai)8月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)(xun)至下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)每(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)鉀(jia)(硫酸鉀(jia)型)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)0.5-0.8㎏。 3.5.3 葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面噴(pen)肥(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨(peng)大(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)至采(cai)收前(qian)(qian)噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面肥(fei)鈣爾美、磷酸二(er)(er)氫鉀(jia)每(mei)(mei)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)10d噴(pen)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci),提(ti)高(gao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)硬(ying)度、糖(tang)度和(he)(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貯藏(zang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能。 3.6 疏(shu)(shu)花(hua)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 血(xue)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)個(ge)(ge)較小(xiao),為(wei)了保證果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang),必(bi)須進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)花(hua)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),開(kai)(kai)花(hua)前(qian)(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)蕾,每(mei)(mei)節留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)花(hua)蕾,其余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)(shu)去(qu)。落(luo)(luo)花(hua)后(hou)15~30d內(nei)(nei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)第一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長形(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、好果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),疏(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)小(xiao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、并(bing)(bing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、無(wu)(wu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、朝天果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)(he)畸形(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)(liang)占座(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)50—60%;花(hua)后(hou)50d進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)第二(er)(er)次(ci)(ci)疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),一(yi)(yi)般長果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)3~4個(ge)(ge),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)2~3個(ge)(ge),短果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)1~2個(ge)(ge) 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 3.7 樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)為(wei)抑制雜草(cao)和(he)(he)(he)提(ti)高(gao)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)機質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang),要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)綠肥(fei)或(huo)(huo)(huo)白三葉(xie)(xie)(xie)草(cao),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤內(nei)(nei)覆蓋作(zuo)物(wu)秸桿(gan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)薄膜(mo)。 3.8 病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.8.1主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)有(you)(you)縮(suo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing),瘡(chuang)(chuang)痂病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、食(shi)心(xin)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),介殼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、紅蜘蛛(zhu)等。 3.8.2 防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原則 堅(jian)持(chi)“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)保方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)針, 綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)采(cai)取農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)(shi),盡可(ke)能不(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)少(shao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化 學(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥只(zhi)有(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)可(ke)能大(da)(da)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)(huo)(huo)大(da)(da)流行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)下(xia)有(you)(you)限制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.8.3 農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 以(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)抗(kang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)良砧建(jian)(jian)園(yuan)(yuan);強化土(tu)(tu)肥(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)理(li)(li),合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)形(xing)(xing)(xing)修剪(jian),保持(chi)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)風透(tou)光(guang)條件,合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)負載,保持(chi)健壯樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)勢(shi),提(ti)高(gao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)體抗(kang)性(xing)(xing)(xing);冬(dong)春(chun)刮(gua)除(chu)(chu)老翹皮、腐爛(lan)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)斑,徹底清園(yuan)(yuan)、減(jian)少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)源(yuan);土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)近(jin)封凍(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)深(shen)翻,凍(dong)(dong)死在(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)越(yue)(yue)冬(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong);早(zao)春(chun)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)膜(mo)覆蓋,阻(zu)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)土(tu)(tu)內(nei)(nei)越(yue)(yue)冬(dong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)出土(tu)(tu)為(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai);晚秋(qiu)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)綁草(cao)環(huan)(huan),誘(you)(you)集(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)藏(zang)身越(yue)(yue)冬(dong)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)燒(shao)毀,減(jian)少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)越(yue)(yue)冬(dong)基(ji)數。 3.8.4 物(wu)理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)據(ju)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)特性(xing)(xing)(xing),在(zai)(zai)(zai)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)4、5月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)(fen)采(cai)取糖(tang)醋(cu)液(ye)(ye)誘(you)(you)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),5月(yue)(yue)份(fen)(fen)(fen)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)采(cai)取黑光(guang)燈誘(you)(you)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)頻振(zhen)式(shi)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)掛豌豆(dou)秧、蓋防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)網(wang)等方(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)誘(you)(you)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)和(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.5 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 通(tong)過保護(hu)(hu)(hu)瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、小(xiao)花(hua)蝽、草(cao)蛉、食(shi)蚜(ya)蠅、捕食(shi)螨(man)(man)等天敵(di)(di),控(kong)制蚜(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)螨(man)(man)、潛葉(xie)(xie)(xie)蛾等自(zi)然天敵(di)(di)人(ren)工引(yin)移、繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)釋(shi)放(fang)(fang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)天敵(di)(di)(生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)導(dao)彈等);果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)(yuan)養(yang)雞或(huo)(huo)(huo)招引(yin)益(yi)鳥(niao)啄(zhuo)食(shi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)益(yi)微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)及(ji)(ji)其代謝物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),如利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)外激素誘(you)(you)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.6 化學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)據(ju)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)(dui)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學(xue)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)(he)為(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)特點,提(ti)倡使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)源(yuan)農(nong)(nong)藥、礦物(wu)源(yuan)農(nong)(nong)藥(如石(shi)硫合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)和(he)(he)(he)硫懸(xuan)浮劑(ji)),禁止使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)(du)、高(gao)毒(du)(du)、高(gao)殘(can)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)致(zhi)(zhi)畸、致(zhi)(zhi)癌、致(zhi)(zhi)突變農(nong)(nong)藥。使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化學(xue)農(nong)(nong)藥時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴格按(an)照《GB/T 8321 (所(suo)有(you)(you)部(bu)(bu)分)農(nong)(nong)藥合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準則》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)。 3.8.7 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)化學(xue)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.8.7.1 桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)瘡(chuang)(chuang)痂病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing) 從萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)收前(qian)(qian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多菌(jun)靈可(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)500倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)15d. 3.8.7.2 桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)縮(suo)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing) 從萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1.5%多抗(kang)霉(mei)素可(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)300倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)21d;或(huo)(huo)(huo)70%甲基(ji)托布(bu)(bu)津可(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)100倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)30d。 3.8.7.3 桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)蚜(ya) 從萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至幼(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)套袋(dai)前(qian)(qian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.36%苦參堿(jian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑(ji)1000倍(bei)~2000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)15d。10%吡(bi)(bi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉(lin)可(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)3000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye),安(an)(an)全(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)25d。 3.8.7.4 葉(xie)(xie)(xie)螨(man)(man) 從萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)收前(qian)(qian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.9%或(huo)(huo)(huo)1.8%蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)螨(man)(man)克水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)劑(ji)5000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)1.8%阿維菌(jun)素5000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)21d或(huo)(huo)(huo)14d。 3.8.7.5 蚧(jie)殼蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong) 謝花(hua)后(hou)10d~15d,防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)白蚧(jie)、朝鮮(xian)(xian)球堅(jian)蚧(jie) 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%吡(bi)(bi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉(lin)可(ke)濕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)3000倍(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安(an)(an)全(quan)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)隔(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)15d;或(huo)(huo)(huo)0.2°Be~0.3°Be石(shi)硫合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),如嚴重發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),應(ying)在(zai)(zai)(zai)7d后(hou)再噴(pen)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)5月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)桑白蚧(jie)若(ruo)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)孵化期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),可(ke)噴(pen)布(bu)(bu)撲虱靈、氯氰菊酯(zhi)等殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji),兼(jian)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝鮮(xian)(xian)球堅(jian)蚧(jie)。 3.8.7.6 食(shi)心(xin)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong) 從落(luo)(luo)花(hua)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)(shi)至果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨(peng)大(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)剪(jian)除(chu)(chu)被害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)梢(shao),同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)噴(pen)布(bu)(bu)氯氰菊酯(zhi)、溴氰菊酯(zhi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.9 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)收和(he)(he)(he)采(cai)后(hou)處理(li)(li) 根(gen)據(ju)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成(cheng)熟度、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途和(he)(he)(he)市場需求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)綜合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)確定(ding)(ding)采(cai)收適期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。成(cheng)熟期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)不(bu)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)分期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)采(cai)收。采(cai)收時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),輕(qing)(qing)拿輕(qing)(qing)放(fang)(fang)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采(cai)后(hou)立(li)即按(an)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)挑選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、包(bao)裝,包(bao)裝物(wu)應(ying)清潔、牢固、無(wu)(wu)污(wu)染(ran)(ran)、無(wu)(wu)異味,包(bao)裝物(wu)應(ying)符合(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)國家(jia)有(you)(you)關標準和(he)(he)(he)規定(ding)(ding),編上(shang)(shang)標記(ji),及(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)組織調運至銷售市場或(huo)(huo)(huo)貯存地(di)(di)(di)(di)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
包裝(zhuang)主要采用箱式包裝(zhuang),包裝(zhuang)材料必(bi)須符合國家強制(zhi)性(xing)技術規(gui)范要求。產(chan)品有(you)明確標簽(qian),內容(rong)包括: 產(chan)品名稱、商標、產(chan)品執行標準、生產(chan)者及詳細地址、凈含(han)量及包裝(zhuang)日期,字跡清晰、完整、準確。