一.產品介紹
血(xue)(xue)(xue)桃(tao)外表是(shi)暗紅色(se)毛(mao)毛(mao)糙糙的沒什么看頭。個頭也不大,頭有點尖尖的。可是(shi)一口咬開里頭的瓤是(shi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)絲(si)般的紅,就(jiu)像身體上的紅色(se)血(xue)(xue)(xue)管,一根(gen)根(gen) ,連汁水都是(shi)血(xue)(xue)(xue)紅色(se)。那么的濃烈、沁(qin)入心脾。這(zhe)種桃(tao)子叫做“血(xue)(xue)(xue)桃(tao)”。
形態特征
血桃(tao)為荔(li)波血桃(tao),色澤鮮(xian)(xian)艷、口感(gan)爽脆(cui)、果(guo)肉呈鮮(xian)(xian)紅(hong)(hong)色,品(pin)(pin)德上(shang)乘。紫血桃(tao)月15日(ri)成熟,單果(guo)重250克,最大500克,果(guo)近圓形,果(guo)面紫紅(hong)(hong)色,果(guo)肉鮮(xian)(xian)紅(hong)(hong)色,其汁如血,含糖14%,甜(tian)酸(suan)可口,風味精(jing)美,品(pin)(pin)德上(shang)等,較(jiao)耐儲運,可自(zi)然貯(zhu)存7-10天(tian)。不裂果(guo),豐收性強(qiang)。
營養價值
血(xue)桃的養分價值血(xue)桃有(you)補益(yi)氣血(xue),養陰生津(jin)的作(zuo)用(yong),可(ke)用(yong)于大病之(zhi)后,氣血(xue)虧虛,面黃肌瘦,心悸氣短者;
血(xue)(xue)(xue)桃的(de)含鐵量較高,是缺鐵性貧血(xue)(xue)(xue)病(bing)人的(de)理想幫助(zhu)食(shi)物;血(xue)(xue)(xue)桃含鉀多(duo),含鈉少(shao),合適(shi)水腫病(bing)人食(shi)用(yong);血(xue)(xue)(xue)桃仁有活血(xue)(xue)(xue)化淤,潤腸(chang)通便作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),可用(yong)于閉經跌打損傷等(deng)幫助(zhu)治(zhi)療;血(xue)(xue)(xue)桃仁提取物有抗凝血(xue)(xue)(xue)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),并能(neng)克制(zhi)咳嗽中(zhong)樞而(er)止咳,同時能(neng)使血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓降落,可用(yong)于高血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓病(bing)人的(de)幫助(zhu)治(zhi)療。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
2.1 土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地貌(mao)情(qing)況 熊(xiong)背(bei)(bei)地處魯山(shan)(shan)(shan)西南部,位于(yu)伏牛山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)麓(lu)與平(ping)(ping)原交界地帶,地貌(mao)屬淺山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵到高山(shan)(shan)(shan)的過渡地帶,山(shan)(shan)(shan)川縱橫,以中(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)為主,海拔150-620米(mi)(mi)之(zhi)間,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)海拔200米(mi)(mi)。最高主峰是大(da)石垛,海拔620米(mi)(mi),最低是龍泉(quan)寺瀼河(he)河(he)底,海拔150米(mi)(mi),整體(ti)地勢西高東(dong)低。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類(lei)型(xing)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)石質土(tu)(tu)(tu)和粗骨土(tu)(tu)(tu)兩類(lei),部分淺山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘(qiu)陵地帶有(you)黃棕壤土(tu)(tu)(tu),據縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)肥(fei)站測定土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤有(you)機質含(han)量(liang)(liang)0.83%、全(quan)氮0.078%、有(you)效(xiao)磷25.98ppm、速效(xiao)鉀(jia)95ppm,pH值(zhi)5.6-6.8,鐵含(han)量(liang)(liang)47.83ppm,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤通透性好,無污(wu)染源,非(fei)常適合血桃(tao)(tao)生(sheng)長。 2.2 水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情(qing)況 境內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源豐富。熊(xiong)背(bei)(bei)鄉(xiang)(xiang)屬魯山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)降(jiang)雨中(zhong)心之(zhi)一,平(ping)(ping)均(jun)年降(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)在(zai)950mm,全(quan)鄉(xiang)(xiang)有(you)主要河(he)流2條,其中(zhong)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)瀼河(he)、草店河(he),全(quan)長29公里,另有(you)石珂水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、陰司溝(gou)(gou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、響潭溝(gou)(gou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、里溝(gou)(gou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫總儲(chu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)64萬立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。 2.3 氣(qi)候情(qing)況 魯山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)熊(xiong)背(bei)(bei)鄉(xiang)(xiang)屬暖溫(wen)帶大(da)陸性季風氣(qi)候,晝夜溫(wen)差較大(da),年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)14.8℃,光照充(chong)足,年均(jun)日(ri)照時數在(zai)2068小時左右,日(ri)照率47%,無霜期為220天,適合于(yu)桃(tao)(tao)樹 種植。冬季不甚(shen)冷, 春季回溫(wen)快,6、7、8月份氣(qi)溫(wen)較高,氣(qi)溫(wen)日(ri)較差大(da),有(you)利于(yu)干物質積累,果品品質優良。
三.地域范圍
“大年(nian)溝血(xue)桃(tao)”農產(chan)品地(di)理標志登記地(di)域保護(hu),魯山(shan)縣熊背鄉大年(nian)溝、寶山(shan)、南(nan)(nan)子營(ying)、大麥(mai)王、草店(dian)、熊背、老(lao)廟莊、宿王店(dian)、黃土嶺、月明石、桃(tao)園溝、交口等(deng)12個行政(zheng)村(cun),地(di)理坐標為東經112°45′至(zhi)112°49′,北緯33°36′至(zhi)33°41′,東西寬5.8公(gong)里,南(nan)(nan)北長9.8公(gong)里,適宜血(xue)桃(tao)生(sheng)產(chan)面(mian)積約3.5萬畝,產(chan)量52500噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
4.1 外在感官特征 “大年溝(gou)血桃”果(guo)形圓正,紅(hong)若丹霞,果(guo)肉(rou)(rou)、果(guo)核容易分離,富(fu)含(han)深紅(hong)似血的(de)果(guo)肉(rou)(rou) ,食之(zhi)綿軟香甜,回味(wei)悠長。 4.2 內在品(pin)質指標 據農業部農產品(pin)質量檢(jian)測檢(jian)驗鑒定中心(鄭州)檢(jian)測:每(mei)100g “大年溝(gou)血桃”中可(ke)溶性(xing)固形物(wu)含(han)量為11~13.5g;維生(sheng)素C 7.24~7.41㎎;鉀169~190㎎;鈣6.32~7.45mg。
五.特定生產方式
3.1 園地(di)(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇 大(da)(da)年(nian)溝血桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)應選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇在(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)石質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、粗骨(gu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)河(he)谷(gu)中(zhong)(zhong)由(you)山體沖積而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),盡(jin)可(ke)(ke)能有(you)灌溉條件、環(huan)(huan)境清(qing)(qing)(qing)潔(jie),無(wu)污染(ran)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)建(jian)園。產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境符合(he)(he)(he)(he)NY5013—2006 無(wu)公害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin) 林果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)類產(chan)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。 3.2 苗木(mu)(mu)繁(fan)育(yu) 3.2.1 品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇 大(da)(da)年(nian)溝血桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)是地(di)(di)(di)方(fang)(fang)傳(chuan)統品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),應選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)純正(zheng)(zheng)、無(wu)變異的(de)(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)統品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)。 3.2.2 砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)木(mu)(mu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇 應選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇當地(di)(di)(di)山上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)毛桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)做砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)木(mu)(mu) 。野生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)毛桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)根(gen)(gen)(gen)系發(fa)(fa)(fa)達,抗(kang)逆(ni)性(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)(qiang),抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai),親和(he)(he)力強(qiang)(qiang),是繁(fan)育(yu)血桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)苗木(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)必(bi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)木(mu)(mu)。 3.2.3 播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong) 3.2.3.1播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時間(jian)(jian) 大(da)(da)年(nian)溝血桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)以(yi)(yi)秋季播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)春播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。秋播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)一(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)11月(yue)(yue)份(fen)或(huo)(huo)(huo)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)結(jie)(jie)(jie)凍前(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing),春播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)(zai)(zai)在(zai)(zai)(zai)3月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)下旬(xun)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)解(jie)凍后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。 3.2.3.2 播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa) 秋播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)純度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)95%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),發(fa)(fa)(fa)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)率在(zai)(zai)(zai)90%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)清(qing)(qing)(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)浸(jin)泡2~3d,按寬(kuan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)60㎝~80㎝,窄行(xing)(xing)(xing)20㎝~25㎝,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)間(jian)(jian)距(ju)15㎝播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),溝深(shen)4㎝~5㎝左(zuo)右(you),播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、耙平。春播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)要(yao)(yao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)100-120d,先將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)浸(jin)泡2~3d,然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)埋入(ru)含水(shui)(shui)(shui)率12%~15%的(de)(de)(de)(de)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)沙中(zhong)(zhong)沙藏(zang),沙藏(zang)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)2℃~7℃。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)同(tong)秋播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。 3.2.3.3 播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang) 留(liu)(liu)苗0.7萬株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)/667m2左(zuo)右(you),播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)50㎏~60㎏/667㎡。 3.2.4 播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)管理(li) 播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)保(bao)(bao)持(chi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)松無(wu)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)灌水(shui)(shui)(shui)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。施(shi)(shi)尿(niao)(niao)素(su)6㎏~8㎏/667㎡。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季可(ke)(ke)結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)噴(pen)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)300倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)尿(niao)(niao)素(su)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶液(ye)(ye)2~3次。 3.2.5嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie) 3.2.5.1 嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)方(fang)(fang)法(fa) 大(da)(da)年(nian)溝血桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)丁字(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)法(fa)或(huo)(huo)(huo)帶(dai)木(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)部(bu)(bu) 芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)法(fa)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。 3.2.5.2 嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時間(jian)(jian) 一(yi)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗在(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)下旬(xun)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie),芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)苗和(he)(he)二(er)(er)年(nian) 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗在(zai)(zai)(zai)8月(yue)(yue)份(fen)嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。 3.2.5.3接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)穗選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇 選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)純正(zheng)(zheng),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)健壯(zhuang),無(wu)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)豐(feng)產(chan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)作采(cai)(cai)(cai)穗母(mu)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),在(zai)(zai)(zai)母(mu)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)上(shang)(shang)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)已木(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)當年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)新梢中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條做接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)穗,剪(jian)(jian)去葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片,留(liu)(liu)下葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)柄(bing),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)布(bu)(bu)包(bao)(bao)好(hao)備用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。 3.2.6 嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)管理(li) 芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)7~10d檢查成(cheng)活(huo)率,未(wei)成(cheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)補接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)。一(yi)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)成(cheng)活(huo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時剪(jian)(jian)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)除(chu)(chu)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)。芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)苗和(he)(he)二(er)(er)年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗嫁(jia)(jia)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)成(cheng)活(huo)苗于翌春發(fa)(fa)(fa)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)前(qian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)上(shang)(shang)方(fang)(fang)0.5㎝處剪(jian)(jian)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),促(cu)其(qi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)發(fa)(fa)(fa),砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)木(mu)(mu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時除(chu)(chu)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)。剪(jian)(jian)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),追施(shi)(shi)尿(niao)(niao)素(su)15㎏~20㎏/667㎡,并及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)、松土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)保(bao)(bao)墑。8~9月(yue)(yue)噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)300倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)磷酸二(er)(er)氫鉀水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶液(ye)(ye)1~2次。并注意及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、螨(man)類、潛葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)蛾(e)、金龜子(zi)(zi)(zi)、白粉(fen)(fen)病(bing)(bing)等(deng)苗木(mu)(mu)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)。 3.3 建(jian)園 3.3.1 園地(di)(di)(di)整理(li) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)內(nei)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)pH值6.0~7.0,排(pai)灌良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)坡地(di)(di)(di)或(huo)(huo)(huo)河(he)谷(gu)平地(di)(di)(di)建(jian)園。丘陵坡地(di)(di)(di)應進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平梯田整地(di)(di)(di),采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)大(da)(da)坑客(ke)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)定植(zhi)(zhi)。 3.3.2 定植(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du) 栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)修剪(jian)(jian)方(fang)(fang)式而定。一(yi)般自(zi)然開(kai)(kai)心(xin)型(xing)整枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)距(ju)3m×4m,每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝55株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu);Y字(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)整枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)3m×2m,每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝110株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu);主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干型(xing)整枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)2m×1m,每(mei)(mei)(mei)畝330株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。 3.4 整形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)修剪(jian)(jian) 3.4.1 整形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 3.4.1.1 自(zi)然開(kai)(kai)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 干高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)50cm-60cm,選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)3個主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干上(shang)(shang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)錯落(luo)有(you)致(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)向不(bu)要(yao)(yao)正(zheng)(zheng)南(nan);主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)40o~70o;每(mei)(mei)(mei)個主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)置2個~3個側(ce)(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。呈(cheng)順向排(pai)列(lie),側(ce)(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開(kai)(kai)張角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)70o左(zuo)右(you)。 3.4.1.2 Y字(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 干高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)40cm~50cm,選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)2個主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)60o~90o,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)直接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)培養(yang)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)。 3.4.1.3 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)170-200cm,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干基部(bu)(bu)60cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25-30個,不(bu)留(liu)(liu)側(ce)(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu). 3.4.2.1 冬季修剪(jian)(jian) 對(dui)于自(zi)然開(kai)(kai)心(xin)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)Y字(zi)(zi)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 重點培養(yang)骨(gu)干枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),培養(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。對(dui)先端生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)勢強(qiang)(qiang),角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)開(kai)(kai)張的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),要(yao)(yao)拉開(kai)(kai)角度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)直立(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、競爭(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),延(yan)長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)甩(shuai)放(fang)(fang)不(bu)短(duan)裁。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)粗壯(zhuang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、直立(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、密(mi)(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)均(jun)勻留(liu)(liu)取(qu)(qu)帶(dai)有(you)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)25-30個。 3.4.2.2 夏季修剪(jian)(jian) 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)落(luo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)剪(jian)(jian)除(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),抹除(chu)(chu)根(gen)(gen)(gen)頸和(he)(he)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干上(shang)(shang)無(wu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)蘗(bo),定果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)密(mi)(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、竟(jing)爭(zheng)(zheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、旺枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、病(bing)(bing)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),以(yi)(yi)摘(zhai)心(xin)、扭梢、拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、控(kong)制(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)延(yan)長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)附近的(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)(he)內(nei)膛萌(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)徒長(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.5 肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管理(li) 3.5.1 基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),結(jie)(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)(he)(he)農(nong)(nong)事清(qing)(qing)(qing)園深(shen)翻土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)施(shi)(shi)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)30㎏。 3.5.2 追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)三(san)次進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。 在(zai)(zai)(zai)2月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)開(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)一(yi)個月(yue)(yue),每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)1㎏;在(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun),對(dui)結(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu),每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)0.4—0.6㎏; 在(zai)(zai)(zai)8月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)至下旬(xun)每(mei)(mei)(mei)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)(shi)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)鉀(硫(liu)酸鉀型(xing))復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)0.5-0.8㎏。 3.5.3 葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面噴(pen)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)膨大(da)(da)期(qi)至采(cai)(cai)(cai)收前(qian)噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)面肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)鈣(gai)爾(er)美、磷酸二(er)(er)氫鉀每(mei)(mei)(mei)隔(ge)10d噴(pen)一(yi)次,提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)硬度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、糖度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)貯藏(zang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)能。 3.6 疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo) 血桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)個較小,為(wei)了保(bao)(bao)證果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang),必(bi)須進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),開(kai)(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)蕾,每(mei)(mei)(mei)節留(liu)(liu)一(yi)個花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蕾,其(qi)余的(de)(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)去。落(luo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)15~30d內(nei)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)第一(yi)次疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)上(shang)(shang)部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長(chang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、好(hao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)除(chu)(chu)小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、并生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、無(wu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、朝天(tian)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)畸形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)(liang)占座果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)50—60%;花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)50d進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)第二(er)(er)次疏(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),一(yi)般長(chang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)3~4個,中(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)2~3個,短(duan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)1~2個 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 3.7 樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)間(jian)(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)為(wei)抑制(zhi)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)和(he)(he)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)(liang),要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)(huo)(huo)白三(san)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)盤(pan)內(nei)覆(fu)蓋(gai)作物(wu)秸桿(gan)或(huo)(huo)(huo)薄膜。 3.8 病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.8.1主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類有(you)縮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing),瘡(chuang)痂(jia)病(bing)(bing)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、食(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),介殼(ke)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、紅蜘蛛等(deng)。 3.8.2 防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原則(ze) 堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)“預防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)保(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)針, 綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)(shi),盡(jin)可(ke)(ke)能不(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)少用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua) 學農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)只有(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)可(ke)(ke)能大(da)(da)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)(huo)(huo)大(da)(da)流(liu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下有(you)限制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.8.3 農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 以(yi)(yi)對(dui)當地(di)(di)(di)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)抗(kang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)強(qiang)(qiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)良(liang)砧(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)建(jian)園;強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管理(li),合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)整形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)修剪(jian)(jian),保(bao)(bao)持(chi)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)通風透光條件,合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)負載,保(bao)(bao)持(chi)健壯(zhuang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)勢,提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)體抗(kang)性(xing)(xing)(xing);冬春刮(gua)除(chu)(chu)老翹皮、腐(fu)爛病(bing)(bing)斑,徹底(di)清(qing)(qing)(qing)園、減(jian)少病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)源;土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)近封凍時深(shen)翻,凍死在(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)(zhong)越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬的(de)(de)(de)(de)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong);早(zao)春實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)地(di)(di)(di)膜覆(fu)蓋(gai),阻隔(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)內(nei)越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)出土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai);晚秋樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)干綁(bang)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)環(huan)(huan),誘(you)(you)集病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)藏(zang)身越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬集中(zhong)(zhong)燒毀(hui),減(jian)少病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)越(yue)(yue)(yue)冬基數。 3.8.4 物(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing),在(zai)(zai)(zai)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)4、5月(yue)(yue)份(fen)采(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)糖醋(cu)液(ye)(ye)誘(you)(you)殺(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),5月(yue)(yue)份(fen)以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)采(cai)(cai)(cai)取(qu)(qu)黑光燈誘(you)(you)殺(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)頻振(zhen)式殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)燈、樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)干掛豌豆秧、蓋(gai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)網等(deng)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)誘(you)(you)殺(sha)和(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.5 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 通過保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)瓢蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、小花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蝽、草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)蛉、食(shi)(shi)(shi)蚜(ya)(ya)蠅、捕食(shi)(shi)(shi)螨(man)等(deng)天(tian)敵(di),控(kong)制(zhi)蚜(ya)(ya)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)螨(man)、潛葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)蛾(e)等(deng)自(zi)然天(tian)敵(di)人工引移(yi)、繁(fan)殖釋放(fang)(fang)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)天(tian)敵(di)(生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)導彈等(deng));果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園養(yang)雞或(huo)(huo)(huo)招引益鳥啄食(shi)(shi)(shi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)或(huo)(huo)(huo)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)益微(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)其(qi)代謝(xie)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong),如(ru)(ru)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)昆蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)外激素(su)誘(you)(you)殺(sha)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)。 3.8.6 化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)對(dui)象的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)學特(te)(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)為(wei)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)特(te)(te)點,提(ti)倡使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)源農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)、礦(kuang)物(wu)源農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(如(ru)(ru)石硫(liu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)(ji)和(he)(he)硫(liu)懸浮劑(ji)(ji)),禁止使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)劇毒(du)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)毒(du)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)殘留(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)致(zhi)畸、致(zhi)癌、致(zhi)突變農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)化(hua)學農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)時嚴格按照《GB/T 8321 (所(suo)有(you)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen))農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)合(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)則(ze)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)。 3.8.7 主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 3.8.7.1 桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)瘡(chuang)痂(jia)病(bing)(bing) 從(cong)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收前(qian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)50%多菌(jun)靈可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)500倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安全(quan)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)15d. 3.8.7.2 桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)縮葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)病(bing)(bing) 從(cong)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)1.5%多抗(kang)霉素(su)可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)300倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安全(quan)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)21d;或(huo)(huo)(huo)70%甲基托布(bu)(bu)津可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)100倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安全(quan)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)30d。 3.8.7.3 桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)蚜(ya)(ya) 從(cong)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)套袋(dai)前(qian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.36%苦參堿水(shui)(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)1000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)~2000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安全(quan)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)15d。10%吡(bi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye),安全(quan)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)25d。 3.8.7.4 葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)螨(man) 從(cong)萌(meng)(meng)(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)期(qi)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)至果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收前(qian),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)0.9%或(huo)(huo)(huo)1.8%蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)螨(man)克水(shui)(shui)(shui)劑(ji)(ji)5000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)或(huo)(huo)(huo)1.8%阿(a)維菌(jun)素(su)5000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安全(quan)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)21d或(huo)(huo)(huo)14d。 3.8.7.5 蚧殼(ke)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong) 謝(xie)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)10d~15d,防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)白蚧、朝鮮球堅(jian)(jian)蚧 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)10%吡(bi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)啉可(ke)(ke)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)粉(fen)(fen)劑(ji)(ji)3000倍(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)液(ye)(ye)噴(pen)霧防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),安全(quan)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期(qi)15d;或(huo)(huo)(huo)0.2°Be~0.3°Be石硫(liu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)劑(ji)(ji)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),如(ru)(ru)嚴重發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),應在(zai)(zai)(zai)7d后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)再噴(pen)一(yi)次。在(zai)(zai)(zai)5月(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)下旬(xun)桑白蚧若蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)孵化(hua)期(qi),可(ke)(ke)噴(pen)布(bu)(bu)撲虱(shi)靈、氯(lv)(lv)氰(qing)(qing)菊酯(zhi)等(deng)殺(sha)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)劑(ji)(ji),兼治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)朝鮮球堅(jian)(jian)蚧。 3.8.7.6 食(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong) 從(cong)落(luo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)開(kai)(kai)始(shi)至果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)膨大(da)(da)期(qi),及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時剪(jian)(jian)除(chu)(chu)被害(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)梢,同(tong)時噴(pen)布(bu)(bu)氯(lv)(lv)氰(qing)(qing)菊酯(zhi)、溴氰(qing)(qing)菊酯(zhi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。 3.9 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收和(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)處理(li) 根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)成(cheng)熟度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)和(he)(he)市(shi)場需求(qiu)綜(zong)(zong)(zong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)確定采(cai)(cai)(cai)收適期(qi)。成(cheng)熟期(qi)不(bu)一(yi)致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)期(qi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)收。采(cai)(cai)(cai)收時,輕(qing)拿輕(qing)放(fang)(fang)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)立(li)即按要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)挑選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)、包(bao)(bao)裝,包(bao)(bao)裝物(wu)應清(qing)(qing)(qing)潔(jie)、牢固、無(wu)污染(ran)、無(wu)異味,包(bao)(bao)裝物(wu)應符合(he)(he)(he)(he)國家有(you)關標準(zhun)和(he)(he)規定,編上(shang)(shang)標記(ji),及(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)時組(zu)織調運至銷售市(shi)場或(huo)(huo)(huo)貯存地(di)(di)(di)。
六.包裝標識相關規定
包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)主要(yao)采用箱式包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang),包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)材料必須(xu)符合國家強制(zhi)性技術(shu)規范(fan)要(yao)求。產(chan)品有(you)明確標(biao)簽,內容包(bao)(bao)括: 產(chan)品名稱、商標(biao)、產(chan)品執(zhi)行標(biao)準、生產(chan)者及詳細(xi)地址(zhi)、凈含量及包(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)日期,字跡清晰、完(wan)整、準確。