一.產品介紹
“桐柏(bo)(bo)香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿”產(chan)自南陽桐柏(bo)(bo),葉厚芽嫩,綠葉紅邊,色(se)如瑪瑙,香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)味濃郁,營養豐富(fu)(fu),被譽(yu)為“山中珍品”。香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿是(shi)桐柏(bo)(bo)的鄉(xiang)土樹種,當地在(zai)(zai)漢代即開始廣泛(fan)種植,香(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)椿在(zai)(zai)可供食用的同時,也是(shi)園林綠化和保持水土的優良樹種,具有良好的生態效(xiao)益、經濟效(xiao)益和社會(hui)效(xiao)益,現(xian)已(yi)成(cheng)為老區農民增(zeng)收致富(fu)(fu)的新渠道。
桐柏縣(xian)(xian)位于千里淮河之源(yuan),桐柏山(shan)腹(fu)地,是我國南北氣(qi)候過渡帶,具(ju)有得天獨厚(hou)的生態(tai)優勢和自(zi)然(ran)條件,適宜發展(zhan)香(xiang)椿(chun)種植(zhi)。近(jin)年(nian)來,隨著市(shi)場需求的不斷(duan)加(jia)大,作為高(gao)效特色(se)經(jing)濟(ji)作物,香(xiang)椿(chun)得到(dao)進(jin)一步保(bao)護和開發,栽培水平和加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)藝不斷(duan)提升,種植(zhi)規模不斷(duan)擴大。該縣(xian)(xian)由淮源(yuan)生態(tai)香(xiang)椿(chun)產業協會(hui)牽頭(tou),對(dui)香(xiang)椿(chun)實施(shi)了標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)種植(zhi),產業化(hua)(hua)加(jia)工(gong),品(pin)牌化(hua)(hua)經(jing)營,已開發出“香(xiang)椿(chun)茶”、“香(xiang)椿(chun)醬”等特色(se)產品(pin)熱銷(xiao)北京、上海(hai)、山(shan)東(dong)等多個省市(shi)。目前,該縣(xian)(xian)已建成(cheng)500畝以上標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)(hua)基地7個,發展(zhan)香(xiang)椿(chun)種植(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)11000余(yu)畝,年(nian)產值達5000多萬元,帶動3000多名老區貧(pin)困農民實現脫貧(pin)致富。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況(kuang):斜貫(guan)全(quan)(quan)境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)桐(tong)(tong)柏(bo)山(shan)是(shi)構成(cheng)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)貌(mao)的(de)(de)(de)骨架,主(zhu)(zhu)脈沿線山(shan)高谷深,溝窄(zhai)坡陡(dou),主(zhu)(zhu)峰太白(bai)頂海拔(ba)1140m,雄偉壯(zhuang)觀。余(yu)脈伸至中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)、北部(bu)(bu)和東(dong)(dong)(dong)北部(bu)(bu),呈指狀放射,形成(cheng)大(da)面積(ji)淺山(shan)和丘陵(ling),800多個山(shan)嶺,700多條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)崗丘相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)接相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)連遍布(bu)(bu)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。地(di)勢東(dong)(dong)(dong)南較高,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)突起(qi),東(dong)(dong)(dong)西兩側漸低,山(shan)、崗、丘、平(ping)交(jiao)錯分(fen)布(bu)(bu),平(ping)均(jun)海拔(ba)500m左右,素有“七(qi)山(shan)一水(shui)(shui)(shui)二(er)分(fen)田(tian)”之(zhi)稱。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)共有3個土(tu)類(lei),9個亞(ya)(ya)類(lei),18個土(tu)屬(shu)(shu),74個土(tu)種(zhong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)面積(ji)最大(da),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)在(zai)低山(shan)、丘陵(ling)、緩(huan)崗,占全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)土(tu)壤(rang)面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)82.8%,是(shi)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)林業土(tu)壤(rang)。成(cheng)土(tu)母巖(yan)為(wei)花崗巖(yan)、片麻巖(yan),包括(kuo)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)、黃(huang)褐(he)(he)土(tu)和粗(cu)骨性(xing)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)、粗(cu)骨性(xing)黃(huang)褐(he)(he)土(tu)4個亞(ya)(ya)類(lei);潮土(tu)類(lei)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)在(zai)三(san)夾河(he)、淮河(he)及其支流(liu)(liu)沿岸,占總(zong) 面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)3.32%;水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)分(fen)布(bu)(bu)在(zai)山(shan)間盆地(di)河(he)流(liu)(liu)兩岸洼地(di),占總(zong)面積(ji)的(de)(de)(de)13.87%,是(shi)種(zhong)植(zhi)業土(tu)壤(rang)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)體。 (2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況(kuang):桐(tong)(tong)柏(bo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)分(fen)屬(shu)(shu)淮河(he)、長(chang)江兩大(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系,以(yi)淮源(yuan)鎮固廟村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)西嶺和大(da)河(he)鎮土(tu)門村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)新坡嶺一線為(wei)分(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺,以(yi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)屬(shu)(shu)淮河(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu),面積(ji)1320km2,以(yi)西屬(shu)(shu)長(chang)江流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu),面積(ji)621km2。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)內河(he)流(liu)(liu)交(jiao)錯,澗溪(xi)密布(bu)(bu),共有大(da)小河(he)流(liu)(liu)58條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)淮河(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)32條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),長(chang)江流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)26條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。流(liu)(liu)域(yu)(yu)(yu)面積(ji)在(zai)100km2以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)河(he)流(liu)(liu)9條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)淮河(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)(de)5條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)長(chang)江水(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)(de)4條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)內共有中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫79座,總(zong)庫容量11508萬m3。庫容量大(da)于(yu)1000萬m3的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫有趙莊水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫、二(er)郎山(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫,另有水(shui)(shui)(shui)電灌站(zhan)60余(yu)處(chu)。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)總(zong)量年(nian)均(jun)7.56億m3,地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)約(yue)0.5億m3,地(di)表徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)可利(li)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)量約(yue)2.6億m3,現狀利(li)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)量約(yue)1.8億m3,水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)較為(wei)豐(feng)富(fu),灌溉條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)件良好。 (3)氣(qi)候情況(kuang):桐(tong)(tong)柏(bo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)地(di)處(chu)北亞(ya)(ya)熱帶北部(bu)(bu)邊緣,屬(shu)(shu)季風型大(da)陸性(xing)半濕(shi)潤(run)氣(qi)候,兼有亞(ya)(ya)熱帶和暖溫(wen)(wen)帶氣(qi)候特點,四(si)季分(fen)明,溫(wen)(wen)暖濕(shi)潤(run),雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)適中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照時(shi)數2027小時(shi),年(nian)均(jun)太陽總(zong)輻射量112.06千卡/cm2,光合有效輻射54.91千卡/cm2。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)15℃,≥10℃的(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)4811℃,無霜期211--231天(tian),年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量933--1181mm,年(nian)均(jun)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)度74%,對(dui)林木生長(chang)十分(fen)有利(li)。橫貫(guan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)西的(de)(de)(de)桐(tong)(tong)柏(bo)山(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),野(ye)生香(xiang)椿(chun)數不勝(sheng)數。
三.地域范圍
全縣以淺山、丘陵為(wei)主(zhu),地處東(dong)(dong)經113°00′--113°49′,北(bei)緯32°17′--32°43′之間,東(dong)(dong)西長(chang)約(yue)76.1km,南(nan)北(bei)寬約(yue)49.3km,土(tu)地總面積(ji)1915km2。東(dong)(dong)與(yu)信陽(yang)(yang)市平橋區(qu)接(jie)壤,西同(tong)南(nan)陽(yang)(yang)市唐(tang)河縣相(xiang)連,北(bei)和駐馬店的泌陽(yang)(yang)、確山為(wei)鄰(lin),南(nan)與(yu)湖北(bei)省的棗陽(yang)(yang)、隨(sui)州交(jiao)界。桐柏香椿(chun)(Toona sinensis)地域保護(hu)(hu)范(fan)圍包括(kuo)回龍(long)、淮源(yuan)鎮等14個(ge)鄉鎮(園區(qu)),33個(ge)行政村,保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)域面積(ji)10.029萬(wan)畝,年產量1.25萬(wan)噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外(wai)在(zai)感官特征:“桐(tong)柏香(xiang)椿”芽肥葉厚,色澤紫紅,香(xiang)脆可口(kou),氣(qi)味(wei)濃郁(yu)。 (2)內在(zai)品質(zhi)指標(biao):據農業部農產品質(zhi)量監督檢(jian)驗測試中(zhong)心(鄭(zheng)州(zhou))等單位對桐(tong)柏香(xiang)椿的(de)(de)檢(jian)測結果顯示(shi):含蛋白(bai)質(zhi)7.05--7.08g/100g,維生素(su)B10.0286--0.0326mg/100g、維生素(su)C38.2--38.6mg/100g、鉀5.05--5.56*103mg/kg、鈉6.3--6.8mg/kg。 (3)安全要求:產地環境必須符合《無公害農產品 種植業產地環境條(tiao)件(jian)》(NY T 5010-2016)標(biao)準,禁(jin)止(zhi)使用(yong)未(wei)依(yi)法登記和(he)國家(jia)明(ming)令禁(jin)止(zhi)使用(yong)的(de)(de)農業投(tou)入品,推(tui)行(xing)標(biao)準化生產,切實保障香(xiang)椿質(zhi)量安全。
五.特定生產方式
本部(bu)分內容主要(yao)表述影(ying)響登(deng)記產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)、特(te)(te)色(se)形成(cheng)和保持(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)(fang)式(shi): (1)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)選擇(ze)(ze)與(yu)特(te)(te)殊內容規定(ding)(ding)(ding):對土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)要(yao)求并(bing)不(bu)(bu)嚴格,除(chu)(chu)過酸或(huo)過堿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)以(yi)外(wai),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)都能種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),但是光照不(bu)(bu)足、易旱(han)易漬(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)(di)不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)栽種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。選擇(ze)(ze)遠離污染(ran)源并(bing)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)可持(chi)續生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區域,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環境(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件符合(he)《無公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin) 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)業(ye)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環境(jing)(jing)條(tiao)件》(NY T 5010-2016)標(biao)準,以(yi)沙質(zhi)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和含腐(fu)植(zhi)質(zhi)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)最好,尤其是地(di)(di)(di)勢平坦、陽光充足、質(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)疏松、便于(yu)(yu)排灌的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)更有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)準使用(yong)工(gong)業(ye)廢棄物、城市垃(la)圾和污泥;不(bu)(bu)得(de)使用(yong)未經發(fa)酵腐(fu)熟(shu)、未達(da)到無害(hai)化(hua)指標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人畜糞便等(deng)(deng)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料,防(fang)止(zhi)污染(ran)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)環境(jing)(jing)。 (2)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選擇(ze)(ze)與(yu)特(te)(te)定(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)求:桐柏香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)主栽品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)“桐柏紅油椿(chun)”植(zhi)株高(gao)(gao)約90--150cm左(zuo)(zuo)右(you),雌雄異株,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)呈偶數羽狀復(fu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)幼嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)是紅褐(he)色(se),具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)濃郁香(xiang)(xiang)味(wei),圓錐花(hua)序,兩性花(hua)白(bai)色(se),果(guo)實(shi)是橢圓形蒴(shuo)果(guo),翅(chi)狀種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子可以(yi)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)。具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)適應(ying)性強、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)高(gao)(gao),抗(kang)(kang)旱(han)、抗(kang)(kang)澇、抗(kang)(kang)風(feng)、抗(kang)(kang)病蟲(chong)能力(li)強等(deng)(deng)特(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)。 (3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)理(li):桐柏香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)包(bao)括整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)、繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)、田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)理(li)、病蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)治、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)等(deng)(deng)步驟。具(ju)(ju)體(ti)如(ru)下(xia): ①整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di) 整(zheng)地(di)(di)(di)要(yao)深耕(geng)、耙平、作(zuo)畦。于(yu)(yu)當年(nian)春(chun)季3月(yue)下(xia)旬--4月(yue)上(shang)旬進行(xing)。一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)應(ying)作(zuo)成(cheng)0.5m--1m寬(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畦,同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開好排灌水溝,便于(yu)(yu)排灌。 ②繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi) 香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)分播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)和矮(ai)化(hua)密(mi)植(zhi)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽培(pei)(pei)(pei):播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由于(yu)(yu)香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子發(fa)芽率較(jiao)低,播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian),要(yao)將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子在(zai)30--35℃溫(wen)水中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)浸泡24小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),撈起(qi)后,置于(yu)(yu)25℃環境(jing)(jing)催芽。至胚根(gen)露(lu)出米粒大小時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)在(zai)5℃以(yi)上(shang))一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)在(zai)3月(yue)上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬。出苗(miao)(miao)后,2--3片(pian)(pian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao),4--5片(pian)(pian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)苗(miao)(miao),株行(xing)距為(wei)(wei)60x80cm。 矮(ai)化(hua)密(mi)植(zhi)栽培(pei)(pei)(pei):這是近年(nian)來發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽培(pei)(pei)(pei)方(fang)(fang)式(shi),它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)育苗(miao)(miao)方(fang)(fang)法與(yu)普通裁培(pei)(pei)(pei)相同,一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)每666.7m2栽植(zhi)1300株左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。樹(shu)型可按(an)照叢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)型培(pei)(pei)(pei)養,在(zai)苗(miao)(miao)高(gao)(gao)1m左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)即去(qu)頂梢,新發(fa)枝(zhi)只采(cai)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)不(bu)(bu)去(qu)頂芽,待枝(zhi)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)20--30cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)再抹頭。特(te)(te)點(dian)(dian)是樹(shu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)較(jiao)矮(ai),分枝(zhi)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)。 ③田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)理(li) 間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)補苗(miao)(miao):為(wei)(wei)了獲(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)得(de)高(gao)(gao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),田(tian)(tian)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)留(liu)苗(miao)(miao)必須保持(chi)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)度。密(mi)度過大,分枝(zhi)下(xia)部(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)易脫落(luo);密(mi)度過小,基(ji)本苗(miao)(miao)不(bu)(bu)足,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)受(shou)到限制(zhi)。因(yin)此(ci)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)做(zuo)好勻密(mi)補稀工(gong)作(zuo),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)每畝留(liu)苗(miao)(miao)1300株,株行(xing)距為(wei)(wei)60x80cm。 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao):早(zao)(zao)春(chun)氣溫(wen)較(jiao)低,雜草(cao)(cao)(cao)發(fa)芽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),應(ying)抓住(zhu)有(you)(you)利(li)墑情,淺中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)2次(ci)--3次(ci)。近根(gen)部(bu)宜(yi)淺鋤,行(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)可略深些,不(bu)(bu)能傷及干(gan)(gan)(gan)根(gen)。通過中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao),減少土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)水分、養分消(xiao)耗,提(ti)高(gao)(gao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)溫(wen),改善土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)通氣 條(tiao)件,促進生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。頭茬香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)后,淺鋤1遍,清除(chu)(chu)雜草(cao)(cao)(cao),利(li)于(yu)(yu)香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。 施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):每畝用(yong)腐(fu)熟(shu)細碎(sui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)500kg,或(huo)三(san)元復(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)20kg開穴施(shi)(shi)入,使香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)苗(miao)(miao)有(you)(you)足夠養料供應(ying),健(jian)壯生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。分枝(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):立夏前(qian)后,氣溫(wen)上(shang)升,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)速(su)度加快,光合(he)作(zuo)用(yong)旺盛(sheng),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)增多(duo)(duo),枝(zhi)條(tiao)開始(shi)分枝(zhi),應(ying)重(zhong)施(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)次(ci)分枝(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),并(bing)要(yao)氮(dan)、磷、鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)配合(he)施(shi)(shi)用(yong),一(yi)(yi)般(ban)(ban)畝用(yong)優質(zhi)復(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)25kg,雨(yu)(yu)前(qian)行(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)開穴或(huo)開溝施(shi)(shi)入。化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)要(yao)露(lu)水干(gan)(gan)(gan)后或(huo)雨(yu)(yu)前(qian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)上(shang)無水時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)用(yong),以(yi)防(fang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料粘到葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)上(shang),灼傷葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian),不(bu)(bu)能單純重(zhong)施(shi)(shi)氮(dan)素(su)化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),以(yi)防(fang)莖葉(xie)(xie)(xie)徒長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang),影(ying)響嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)芽產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)。速(su)效肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)宜(yi)在(zai)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)芽收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)前(qian)15--20d施(shi)(shi)。 水份管(guan)理(li):香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)芽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)期需(xu)要(yao)充足水分,如(ru)遇天(tian)旱(han),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥,嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)芽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)緩慢,須采(cai)取澆水措施(shi)(shi)。澆水宜(yi)在(zai)早(zao)(zao)、晚進行(xing),做(zuo)到無積水為(wei)(wei)宜(yi)。 摘(zhai)心(xin):植(zhi)株稀疏,密(mi)度不(bu)(bu)足,在(zai)5月(yue)份中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)午(wu)晴天(tian)摘(zhai)去(qu)頂心(xin),從頂上(shang)二(er)層幼葉(xie)(xie)(xie)摘(zhai)去(qu),并(bing)追施(shi)(shi)1次(ci)速(su)效化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),促進新芽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)(chang)。 ④病蟲(chong)害(hai)防(fang)治:香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)蟲(chong)害(hai)有(you)(you)香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)毛蟲(chong)、云斑天(tian)牛、草(cao)(cao)(cao)履介殼蟲(chong)等(deng)(deng),可用(yong)滅幼脲(niao)等(deng)(deng)農(nong)藥(yao)防(fang)治;病害(hai)有(you)(you)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)銹病、白(bai)粉病等(deng)(deng),可用(yong)波爾多(duo)(duo)液、石硫合(he)劑(ji)(ji)等(deng)(deng)藥(yao)劑(ji)(ji)防(fang)治。防(fang)治方(fang)(fang)法貫徹預防(fang)為(wei)(wei)主、綜合(he)防(fang)治的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則。 (4)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)及產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)后處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)(ding):選晴天(tian)上(shang)午(wu)10時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)--下(xia)午(wu)3時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。徒手(shou)掰下(xia)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)芽,15--20個(ge)嫩(nen)(nen)(nen)芽集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)扎成(cheng)小把,捆扎時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基(ji)部(bu)對齊,不(bu)(bu)可暴(bao)曬(shai)。忌雨(yu)(yu)淋和夜(ye)露(lu),外(wai)加包(bao)裝貯運(yun),放陰(yin)涼干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥處,防(fang)受(shou)潮發(fa)霉。 (5)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄(lu)要(yao)求:在(zai)整(zheng)個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),設專人做(zuo)好以(yi)下(xia)記錄(lu):生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)點(dian)(dian)、農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)名(ming)稱(cheng),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)耕(geng)作(zuo),施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)名(ming)稱(cheng)、方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang),施(shi)(shi)用(yong)農(nong)藥(yao)名(ming)稱(cheng)、方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)用(yong)藥(yao)量(liang),產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收(shou)(shou)(shou)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)、倉(cang)儲、銷售等(deng)(deng)項目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日期、方(fang)(fang)式(shi)、數量(liang)等(deng)(deng)。