一.產品介紹
“桐(tong)柏(bo)香(xiang)椿(chun)”產自南陽桐(tong)柏(bo),葉(xie)厚芽嫩,綠葉(xie)紅邊,色(se)如瑪瑙,香(xiang)味濃郁,營(ying)養豐(feng)富,被譽為“山(shan)中珍(zhen)品”。香(xiang)椿(chun)是桐(tong)柏(bo)的(de)鄉土樹種(zhong),當地在漢代即(ji)開始廣(guang)泛種(zhong)植,香(xiang)椿(chun)在可供食用的(de)同(tong)時,也是園林綠化(hua)和(he)(he)保持水土的(de)優良樹種(zhong),具有良好的(de)生(sheng)態效(xiao)益(yi)、經濟(ji)效(xiao)益(yi)和(he)(he)社會效(xiao)益(yi),現已成為老區農民增收致(zhi)富的(de)新渠(qu)道。
桐柏(bo)縣位于千里淮(huai)(huai)河之(zhi)源,桐柏(bo)山(shan)腹地,是我國南(nan)北氣候過渡帶,具有得(de)天獨厚(hou)的生態優勢和自(zi)然條件,適宜發展香椿(chun)(chun)種植。近年(nian)來,隨著(zhu)市(shi)場需求(qiu)的不斷(duan)加大(da)(da),作為高效特(te)色(se)經濟作物,香椿(chun)(chun)得(de)到(dao)進一步保護和開(kai)發,栽培水平(ping)和加工工藝不斷(duan)提升,種植規模(mo)不斷(duan)擴大(da)(da)。該(gai)縣由淮(huai)(huai)源生態香椿(chun)(chun)產(chan)(chan)業協會牽(qian)頭,對香椿(chun)(chun)實(shi)(shi)施了標準(zhun)化種植,產(chan)(chan)業化加工,品(pin)牌化經營,已開(kai)發出“香椿(chun)(chun)茶”、“香椿(chun)(chun)醬”等特(te)色(se)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)熱銷北京、上海(hai)、山(shan)東等多個省市(shi)。目前,該(gai)縣已建成(cheng)500畝以上標準(zhun)化基地7個,發展香椿(chun)(chun)種植面積(ji)11000余畝,年(nian)產(chan)(chan)值達5000多萬元,帶動3000多名老區貧(pin)困農民實(shi)(shi)現脫貧(pin)致富。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
(1)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)地貌情(qing)況:斜貫(guan)全境的(de)(de)(de)(de)桐柏(bo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)是構成全縣地貌的(de)(de)(de)(de)骨(gu)架,主脈沿(yan)線(xian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)高(gao)谷深,溝窄(zhai)坡陡,主峰太白頂海拔1140m,雄偉壯觀。余(yu)脈伸至中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部、北(bei)部和(he)(he)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)部,呈指狀(zhuang)放射,形成大(da)(da)(da)面(mian)積淺山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)丘陵,800多個(ge)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling),700多條崗(gang)丘相(xiang)接相(xiang)連遍布(bu)(bu)全縣。地勢東(dong)(dong)南較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部突(tu)起,東(dong)(dong)西兩側漸低,山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、崗(gang)、丘、平(ping)交錯(cuo)分(fen)布(bu)(bu),平(ping)均(jun)海拔500m左右,素(su)有(you)(you)(you)(you)“七(qi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)一水(shui)(shui)(shui)二(er)分(fen)田”之稱。全縣共(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)3個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)類,9個(ge)亞類,18個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)屬(shu),74個(ge)土(tu)(tu)(tu)種。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)黃(huang)(huang)棕(zong)(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)面(mian)積最大(da)(da)(da),主要分(fen)布(bu)(bu)在低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、丘陵、緩(huan)崗(gang),占全縣土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)82.8%,是主要的(de)(de)(de)(de)林業土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)。成土(tu)(tu)(tu)母巖為花崗(gang)巖、片麻(ma)巖,包(bao)括黃(huang)(huang)棕(zong)(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)、黃(huang)(huang)褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)(he)粗(cu)骨(gu)性黃(huang)(huang)棕(zong)(zong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)、粗(cu)骨(gu)性黃(huang)(huang)褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)4個(ge)亞類;潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)類主要分(fen)布(bu)(bu)在三(san)夾河(he)(he)(he)(he)、淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)及其支流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)沿(yan)岸,占總(zong)(zong)(zong) 面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)3.32%;水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)主要分(fen)布(bu)(bu)在山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)間盆地河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)兩岸洼(wa)地,占總(zong)(zong)(zong)面(mian)積的(de)(de)(de)(de)13.87%,是種植業土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主體(ti)。 (2)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情(qing)況:桐柏(bo)縣分(fen)屬(shu)淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)、長(chang)(chang)江兩大(da)(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系,以(yi)(yi)淮(huai)(huai)源鎮固廟村的(de)(de)(de)(de)西嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)和(he)(he)大(da)(da)(da)河(he)(he)(he)(he)鎮土(tu)(tu)(tu)門村的(de)(de)(de)(de)新坡嶺(ling)(ling)(ling)一線(xian)為分(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺(ling)(ling)(ling),以(yi)(yi)東(dong)(dong)屬(shu)淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域,面(mian)積1320km2,以(yi)(yi)西屬(shu)長(chang)(chang)江流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域,面(mian)積621km2。縣內河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)交錯(cuo),澗溪密布(bu)(bu),共(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)58條,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域32條,長(chang)(chang)江流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域26條。流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域面(mian)積在100km2以(yi)(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)9條,屬(shu)于淮(huai)(huai)河(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)5條,屬(shu)于長(chang)(chang)江水(shui)(shui)(shui)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)4條。縣內共(gong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小(xiao)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)79座,總(zong)(zong)(zong)庫(ku)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)11508萬(wan)m3。庫(ku)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)于1000萬(wan)m3的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)有(you)(you)(you)(you)趙莊水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)、二(er)郎山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku),另有(you)(you)(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)灌(guan)站60余(yu)處。全縣地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)總(zong)(zong)(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)年(nian)均(jun)7.56億m3,地下水(shui)(shui)(shui)約(yue)0.5億m3,地表徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)可利用水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)約(yue)2.6億m3,現狀(zhuang)利用水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)約(yue)1.8億m3,水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源較(jiao)(jiao)為豐富,灌(guan)溉條件(jian)良好。 (3)氣候情(qing)況:桐柏(bo)縣地處北(bei)亞熱(re)帶(dai)北(bei)部邊緣,屬(shu)季風(feng)型(xing)大(da)(da)(da)陸性半濕(shi)潤氣候,兼有(you)(you)(you)(you)亞熱(re)帶(dai)和(he)(he)暖溫帶(dai)氣候特點,四季分(fen)明(ming),溫暖濕(shi)潤,雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)適中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)時數(shu)(shu)(shu)2027小(xiao)時,年(nian)均(jun)太陽總(zong)(zong)(zong)輻射量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)112.06千(qian)卡(ka)/cm2,光(guang)合有(you)(you)(you)(you)效輻射54.91千(qian)卡(ka)/cm2。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫15℃,≥10℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)活動積溫4811℃,無霜期(qi)211--231天,年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)933--1181mm,年(nian)均(jun)相(xiang)對(dui)濕(shi)度74%,對(dui)林木(mu)生長(chang)(chang)十分(fen)有(you)(you)(you)(you)利。橫貫(guan)東(dong)(dong)西的(de)(de)(de)(de)桐柏(bo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),野生香椿數(shu)(shu)(shu)不勝(sheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)。
三.地域范圍
全(quan)縣(xian)以(yi)淺山、丘陵為(wei)主,地處(chu)東(dong)經(jing)113°00′--113°49′,北(bei)(bei)緯32°17′--32°43′之間,東(dong)西長約76.1km,南北(bei)(bei)寬約49.3km,土地總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積1915km2。東(dong)與信陽市平橋區(qu)接壤(rang),西同南陽市唐河縣(xian)相連,北(bei)(bei)和駐(zhu)馬店的(de)泌(mi)陽、確山為(wei)鄰,南與湖北(bei)(bei)省(sheng)的(de)棗陽、隨州交(jiao)界。桐柏香(xiang)椿(Toona sinensis)地域(yu)保護(hu)范圍包括回龍、淮源鎮(zhen)等14個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(園(yuan)區(qu)),33個(ge)行政村,保護(hu)區(qu)域(yu)面(mian)(mian)積10.029萬畝,年產量1.25萬噸。
四.產品品質特性特征
(1)外在感官(guan)特征:“桐(tong)(tong)柏(bo)香椿”芽肥(fei)葉厚,色(se)澤紫紅,香脆可口,氣味(wei)濃郁。 (2)內(nei)在品質指(zhi)標:據農(nong)業部農(nong)產(chan)品質量監(jian)督檢(jian)驗測試中(zhong)心(鄭州(zhou))等單位對桐(tong)(tong)柏(bo)香椿的檢(jian)測結果顯示:含蛋白質7.05--7.08g/100g,維生素B10.0286--0.0326mg/100g、維生素C38.2--38.6mg/100g、鉀5.05--5.56*103mg/kg、鈉6.3--6.8mg/kg。 (3)安(an)(an)全(quan)要求:產(chan)地環境(jing)必須符合《無公害農(nong)產(chan)品 種(zhong)植業產(chan)地環境(jing)條(tiao)件》(NY T 5010-2016)標準,禁止使用(yong)未依法登記和(he)國家明(ming)令禁止使用(yong)的農(nong)業投入品,推行標準化(hua)生產(chan),切實保障香椿質量安(an)(an)全(quan)。
五.特定生產方式
本部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)內容主要表(biao)述影響登(deng)記(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品品質(zhi)、特(te)色形(xing)成和保持(chi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)定(ding)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)方(fang)式(shi)(shi): (1)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)選擇(ze)與特(te)殊內容規定(ding):對土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)要求并(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)嚴格,除(chu)過(guo)(guo)(guo)酸或(huo)過(guo)(guo)(guo)堿的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)以外,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)都能(neng)(neng)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),但是光照(zhao)不(bu)(bu)足(zu)、易旱(han)易漬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)地(di)不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)栽(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。選擇(ze)遠離污染(ran)源并(bing)(bing)具(ju)有(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能(neng)(neng)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)區(qu)域(yu),產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環境條件符(fu)合(he)(he)《無(wu)(wu)公害(hai)(hai)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)業產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環境條件》(NY T 5010-2016)標(biao)準(zhun),以沙質(zhi)壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)、壤(rang)土(tu)(tu)和含腐(fu)(fu)植(zhi)質(zhi)多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)最好(hao),尤(you)其(qi)是地(di)勢平坦(tan)、陽(yang)光充(chong)(chong)足(zu)、質(zhi)地(di)疏松、便(bian)于排(pai)灌(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)更有(you)(you)利(li)(li)于生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)(bu)準(zhun)使(shi)用工業廢棄物、城市垃圾和污泥;不(bu)(bu)得使(shi)用未(wei)經發(fa)(fa)酵(jiao)腐(fu)(fu)熟、未(wei)達到無(wu)(wu)害(hai)(hai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)指標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)畜糞便(bian)等(deng)(deng)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料,防(fang)(fang)(fang)止污染(ran)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環境。 (2)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選擇(ze)與特(te)定(ding)要求:桐柏香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)主栽(zai)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)“桐柏紅油椿(chun)(chun)”植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)高約(yue)90--150cm左右,雌雄異株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)呈偶數(shu)羽狀(zhuang)復(fu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)幼嫩(nen)(nen)是紅褐色,具(ju)有(you)(you)濃(nong)郁(yu)香(xiang)(xiang)味,圓錐花(hua)序(xu),兩性花(hua)白(bai)(bai)色,果實是橢圓形(xing)蒴(shuo)果,翅狀(zhuang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子,種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子可(ke)(ke)以繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)。具(ju)有(you)(you)適(shi)應性強、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量高,抗(kang)(kang)旱(han)、抗(kang)(kang)澇、抗(kang)(kang)風(feng)、抗(kang)(kang)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)能(neng)(neng)力強等(deng)(deng)特(te)點(dian)。 (3)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程管(guan)(guan)理(li):桐柏香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程包(bao)括整地(di)、繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)、田(tian)間(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)、病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品收(shou)獲等(deng)(deng)步驟(zou)。具(ju)體如下(xia): ①整地(di) 整地(di)要深耕(geng)、耙平、作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)畦(qi)。于當年春季3月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)--4月(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)進行(xing)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)應作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成0.5m--1m寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)畦(qi),同時(shi)(shi)(shi)開好(hao)排(pai)灌(guan)水(shui)溝,便(bian)于排(pai)灌(guan)。 ②繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi) 香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)和矮化(hua)(hua)(hua)密(mi)(mi)植(zhi)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei):播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁(fan)(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)由于香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子發(fa)(fa)芽率較低,播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)(qian),要將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)30--35℃溫(wen)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)浸泡24小時(shi)(shi)(shi),撈起后(hou),置(zhi)于25℃環境催(cui)芽。至胚(pei)根露(lu)出米粒大小時(shi)(shi)(shi)播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(播(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)溫(wen)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)5℃以上(shang))一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)3月(yue)(yue)上(shang)中(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)。出苗(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou),2--3片(pian)(pian)(pian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),4--5片(pian)(pian)(pian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)定(ding)苗(miao)(miao)(miao),株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)距(ju)為(wei)60x80cm。 矮化(hua)(hua)(hua)密(mi)(mi)植(zhi)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei):這是近年來(lai)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)方(fang)式(shi)(shi),它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)方(fang)法與普通裁培(pei)(pei)相同,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)每(mei)666.7m2栽(zai)植(zhi)1300株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)左右。樹型(xing)(xing)可(ke)(ke)按照(zhao)叢生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)型(xing)(xing)培(pei)(pei)養(yang),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)高1m左右時(shi)(shi)(shi)即(ji)去(qu)頂(ding)(ding)梢,新發(fa)(fa)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)只采(cai)嫩(nen)(nen)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)不(bu)(bu)去(qu)頂(ding)(ding)芽,待枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)長(chang)(chang)20--30cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)再(zai)抹頭(tou)。特(te)點(dian)是樹干較矮,分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較多(duo)。 ③田(tian)間(jian)(jian)管(guan)(guan)理(li) 間(jian)(jian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)補苗(miao)(miao)(miao):為(wei)了獲得高產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),田(tian)間(jian)(jian)留苗(miao)(miao)(miao)必須保持(chi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)。密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)大,分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)下(xia)部(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)易脫落;密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)過(guo)(guo)(guo)小,基本苗(miao)(miao)(miao)不(bu)(bu)足(zu),產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量受(shou)到限制(zhi)。因此一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)要做(zuo)好(hao)勻密(mi)(mi)補稀工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)留苗(miao)(miao)(miao)1300株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)距(ju)為(wei)60x80cm。 中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)草:早春氣(qi)溫(wen)較低,雜(za)草發(fa)(fa)芽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang),應抓住有(you)(you)利(li)(li)墑情,淺中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)草2次--3次。近根部(bu)(bu)宜(yi)淺鋤(chu),行(xing)間(jian)(jian)可(ke)(ke)略深些,不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)傷(shang)及干根。通過(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)除(chu)草,減(jian)少土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)、養(yang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)消耗,提(ti)高土(tu)(tu)溫(wen),改善土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)通氣(qi) 條件,促(cu)(cu)進生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。頭(tou)茬香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)收(shou)獲后(hou),淺鋤(chu)1遍,清除(chu)雜(za)草,利(li)(li)于香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。 施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)用腐(fu)(fu)熟細碎的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)500kg,或(huo)三元(yuan)復(fu)合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)20kg開穴施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入,使(shi)香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)有(you)(you)足(zu)夠(gou)養(yang)料供(gong)應,健壯生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei):立夏前(qian)(qian)后(hou),氣(qi)溫(wen)上(shang)升,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)速(su)度(du)(du)加快,光合(he)(he)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用旺盛,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)增多(duo),枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條開始分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),應重施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),并(bing)(bing)要氮、磷、鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)配合(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般(ban)畝(mu)(mu)用優(you)質(zhi)復(fu)合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)25kg,雨(yu)前(qian)(qian)行(xing)間(jian)(jian)開穴或(huo)開溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入。化(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)要露(lu)水(shui)干后(hou)或(huo)雨(yu)前(qian)(qian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang)無(wu)(wu)水(shui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用,以防(fang)(fang)(fang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料粘到葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian)上(shang),灼傷(shang)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)(pian),不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)單純重施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)氮素化(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),以防(fang)(fang)(fang)莖葉(xie)(xie)(xie)徒長(chang)(chang),影響嫩(nen)(nen)芽產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)量。速(su)效(xiao)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)宜(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)嫩(nen)(nen)芽收(shou)獲前(qian)(qian)15--20d施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。 水(shui)份(fen)管(guan)(guan)理(li):香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)嫩(nen)(nen)芽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)需要充(chong)(chong)足(zu)水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),如遇天旱(han),土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)干燥,嫩(nen)(nen)芽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)緩慢(man),須采(cai)取(qu)澆水(shui)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。澆水(shui)宜(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)早、晚進行(xing),做(zuo)到無(wu)(wu)積(ji)水(shui)為(wei)宜(yi)。 摘(zhai)心(xin):植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)稀疏,密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)足(zu),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)5月(yue)(yue)份(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)午(wu)晴天摘(zhai)去(qu)頂(ding)(ding)心(xin),從頂(ding)(ding)上(shang)二層幼葉(xie)(xie)(xie)摘(zhai)去(qu),并(bing)(bing)追施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)1次速(su)效(xiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),促(cu)(cu)進新芽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。 ④病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治:香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)有(you)(you)香(xiang)(xiang)椿(chun)(chun)毛蟲(chong)(chong)、云(yun)斑天牛、草履介(jie)殼蟲(chong)(chong)等(deng)(deng),可(ke)(ke)用滅(mie)幼脲(niao)等(deng)(deng)農(nong)藥防(fang)(fang)(fang)治;病(bing)害(hai)(hai)有(you)(you)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)銹(xiu)病(bing)、白(bai)(bai)粉病(bing)等(deng)(deng),可(ke)(ke)用波爾多(duo)液、石硫合(he)(he)劑等(deng)(deng)藥劑防(fang)(fang)(fang)治。防(fang)(fang)(fang)治方(fang)法貫徹預防(fang)(fang)(fang)為(wei)主、綜合(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原則。 (4)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品收(shou)獲及產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)后(hou)處(chu)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding):選晴天上(shang)午(wu)10時(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)(qian)--下(xia)午(wu)3時(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)采(cai)收(shou)。徒手(shou)掰下(xia)嫩(nen)(nen)芽,15--20個嫩(nen)(nen)芽集中(zhong)(zhong)扎成小把(ba),捆(kun)扎時(shi)(shi)(shi)基部(bu)(bu)對齊(qi),不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)暴曬(shai)。忌雨(yu)淋和夜(ye)露(lu),外加包(bao)裝(zhuang)貯(zhu)運,放(fang)陰涼(liang)干燥處(chu),防(fang)(fang)(fang)受(shou)潮發(fa)(fa)霉(mei)。 (5)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記(ji)錄要求:在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)整個生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),設專(zhuan)人(ren)做(zuo)好(hao)以下(xia)記(ji)錄:生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)點(dian)、農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品名稱,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)名稱、方(fang)式(shi)(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量,施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用農(nong)藥名稱、方(fang)式(shi)(shi)、時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用藥量,產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品收(shou)獲、倉儲、銷(xiao)售等(deng)(deng)項目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)日期(qi)、方(fang)式(shi)(shi)、數(shu)量等(deng)(deng)。