生平經歷
早年經歷
建武(wu)元年(494年),蕭寶融(rong)受(shou)封(feng)為(wei)隨郡王,食邑二千(qian)戶(hu)。
建(jian)武三年(nian)(496年(nian)),蕭寶融擔(dan)任冠軍將軍,兼領(ling)石頭戍(shu)軍事。
永泰元(yuan)年(498年),蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong)的父親齊明帝蕭(xiao)(xiao)鸞去(qu)世,蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶融(rong)的同母兄(xiong)蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶卷即(ji)位。
永元元年(499年),蕭(xiao)寶卷(juan)改封蕭(xiao)寶融為南(nan)康王(wang),并任命他為持節,都督荊、雍、益、寧(ning)、梁(liang)、南(nan)秦(qin)、北秦(qin)七州軍(jun)事(shi),西(xi)中(zhong)郎(lang)將,荊州刺史(shi)。
勸進帝位
永元(yuan)二年(nian)(nian)(500年(nian)(nian))十(shi)(shi)一(yi)月十(shi)(shi)八日(ri),長史(shi)蕭(xiao)穎胄殺輔國將軍、巴西、梓(zi)潼二郡太守劉山陽(yang),擁戴南康王(wang)蕭(xiao)寶融(rong)舉義。十(shi)(shi)一(yi)月十(shi)(shi)九日(ri),蕭(xiao)寶融(rong)對(dui)(dui)部下(xia)嚴格要(yao)求。又(you)對(dui)(dui)部下(xia)說:“如今我(wo)親自率領(ling)晉(jin)陽(yang)的軍隊前去翦除(chu)朝廷的兇孽,現(xian)在戰(zhan)事吃緊,我(wo)們應該對(dui)(dui)人們多施恩惠,除(chu)了已判斬首之刑(xing)的以外,其余的一(yi)概釋放。原(yuan)(yuan)來有(you)職(zhi)務的,立即恢復原(yuan)(yuan)職(zhi)。將吏提(ti)升(sheng)一(yi)級(ji),現(xian)役人員有(you)家屬的,發給他們官糧(liang)。其他各(ge)種雜役人員現(xian)在各(ge)軍中(zhong)作戰(zhan)士的,事成(cheng)之后,都寬(kuan)免(mian)為民。有(you)關立功獎賞等(deng)辦法(fa),再作其他規定。”
十(shi)一(yi)月二十(shi)日(ri)(ri),任命(ming)(ming)雍州(zhou)刺史蕭(xiao)衍為使持節、都督前(qian)鋒諸軍(jun)(jun)事、左將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)。二十(shi)一(yi)日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)融(rong)任命(ming)(ming)蕭(xiao)穎胄為右將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)、都督行留諸軍(jun)(jun)事。二十(shi)二日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)衍等人上表(biao)勸請蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)融(rong)即皇(huang)帝位。十(shi)二月十(shi)日(ri)(ri),群僚又上表(biao)進行勸進,蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)融(rong)都沒答應。十(shi)二月二十(shi)七日(ri)(ri),驍騎將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)夏(xia)侯亶從(cong)京(jing)師來(lai)到江(jiang)陵(ling),稱(cheng)宣(xuan)德太后(hou)有(you)令:“西中郎將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)、南(nan)(nan)康王蕭(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)融(rong)宜繼承大統,登臨帝位。等待清(qing)初宮內(nei)之(zhi)后(hou),便可施行帝王的號令,如今暫且晉封(feng)為宣(xuan)城、南(nan)(nan)瑯邪、南(nan)(nan)東(dong)(dong)海、東(dong)(dong)陽(yang)、臨海、新安、尋陽(yang)、南(nan)(nan)郡(jun)、竟(jing)陵(ling)、宜都十(shi)郡(jun)為宣(xuan)城王,加封(feng)相國(guo)、荊州(zhou)牧,加黃皞(hao),下面設置臣(chen)屬,遴(lin)選百官,西中郎府和南(nan)(nan)康國(guo)保留原來(lai)建制。軍(jun)(jun)隊所經(jing)之(zhi)處,附近主管官長都必(bi)須依照舊典,備法駕奉迎。”
登基大赦
永元三(san)年(nian)(501年(nian))正(zheng)月(yue)初十日(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融(rong)正(zheng)式接受稱帝(di)的建議,大赦天下,只有(you)梅蟲兒、茹(ru)法珍不予赦免。任(ren)命右(you)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)穎胄(zhou)為(wei)左長史(shi),晉封為(wei)鎮軍(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)。蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍晉封為(wei)征東將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)。正(zheng)月(yue),任(ren)命冠(guan)軍(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)楊公則為(wei)湘州刺(ci)(ci)(ci)史(shi),在(zai)城(cheng)南樹(shu)大旗幕府。二月(yue)初一日(ri),任(ren)命冠(guan)軍(jun)長史(shi)王(wang)茂先為(wei)江州刺(ci)(ci)(ci)史(shi),冠(guan)軍(jun)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)曹景宗為(wei)郢州刺(ci)(ci)(ci)史(shi),右(you)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)、邵陵(ling)王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)攸為(wei)荊州刺(ci)(ci)(ci)史(shi)。二月(yue)初五日(ri),群臣進(jin)上(shang)皇(huang)帝(di)尊號,設(she)立宗廟及南北郊祭祠(ci)。二月(yue)二十日(ri),梁王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍率大軍(jun)駐扎在(zai)沔(mian)口,郢州刺(ci)(ci)(ci)史(shi)張(zhang)沖(chong)拒(ju)守。三(san)月(yue)初三(san)日(ri),張(zhang)沖(chong)死,驃騎(qi)將(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)薛元嗣等固城(cheng)拒(ju)守。
中(zhong)興元(yuan)年(501年)三月(yue)(yue)十(shi)一日(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)寶(bao)融正式(shi)即(ji)皇帝(di)位,大赦天下(xia),改元(yuan)中(zhong)興。文(wen)武官員賜(si)位二(er)(er)等;鰥寡孤(gu)獨不能自養之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren),每人(ren)(ren)賜(si)給谷五(wu)斛。任命相國長史(shi)(shi)蕭(xiao)穎(ying)胄為(wei)(wei)尚(shang)書令,晉安王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)義為(wei)(wei)司(si)空,廬陵(ling)(ling)王(wang)(wang)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)夤(yin)為(wei)(wei)徐(xu)州刺史(shi)(shi),散(san)騎常侍夏侯詳為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)領(ling)(ling)軍(jun),領(ling)(ling)軍(jun)將軍(jun)蕭(xiao)偉為(wei)(wei)雍州刺史(shi)(shi)。三月(yue)(yue)十(shi)二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri),有(you)關部門奏請封(feng)庶(shu)人(ren)(ren)蕭(xiao)寶(bao)卷為(wei)(wei)零陽侯,蕭(xiao)寶(bao)融下(xia)詔不答應。又(you)奏請封(feng)他(ta)為(wei)(wei)涪陵(ling)(ling)王(wang)(wang),下(xia)詔許可(ke)。之(zhi)(zhi)后,任命尚(shang)書令蕭(xiao)穎(ying)胄行(xing)荊州刺史(shi)(shi),假黃鉞。三月(yue)(yue)十(shi)八日(ri)(ri),任命征虜將軍(jun)柳(liu)惔(yan)為(wei)(wei)益、寧二(er)(er)州刺史(shi)(shi)。三月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十(shi)五(wu)日(ri)(ri),任命冠(guan)(guan)軍(jun)將軍(jun)莊丘(qiu)黑為(wei)(wei)梁、南(nan)秦二(er)(er)州刺史(shi)(shi),冠(guan)(guan)軍(jun)將軍(jun)鄧元(yuan)起(qi)為(wei)(wei)廣州刺史(shi)(shi)。四月(yue)(yue)初(chu)五(wu)日(ri)(ri),下(xia)詔說:“荊、雍是(shi)我們當初(chu)舉義的(de)根本所在,那里的(de)有(you)識(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)士為(wei)(wei)我們謀劃,精細之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)我們出力(li),現在我們應該對他(ta)們進(jin)行(xing)獎賞,只要(yao)(yao)是(shi)跟隨(sui)我東征討伐朝中(zhong)奸惡的(de),都要(yao)(yao)免除勞役。”
平定建康
中(zhong)興(xing)元(yuan)年(501年)五(wu)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融來到(dao)竹(zhu)林寺禪(chan)房,宴會(hui)群臣。巴(ba)西(xi)太守魯休烈(lie)(lie)、巴(ba)東太守蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)惠訓之(zhi)(zhi)子蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)璝(gui)抗拒義師。七(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue),東軍(jun)主帥吳子陽十三軍(jun)救援郢州(zhou)(zhou),兵(bing)駐加(jia)湖。七(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)五(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),被征虜(lu)將(jiang)軍(jun)王茂先(xian)擊破。七(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)十九日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),任(ren)(ren)命(ming)王茂先(xian)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)護軍(jun)。二(er)(er)十五(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),魯山城(cheng)主將(jiang)孫樂祖獻城(cheng)投(tou)(tou)降。七(qi)(qi)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十七(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),郢城(cheng)主將(jiang)薛(xue)元(yuan)嗣投(tou)(tou)降。八月(yue)(yue)十四日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),平西(xi)將(jiang)軍(jun)陳(chen)伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)宣(xuan)布投(tou)(tou)降。不久(jiu),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融任(ren)(ren)命(ming)陳(chen)伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)江州(zhou)(zhou)刺史,任(ren)(ren)命(ming)陳(chen)伯(bo)之(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)子陳(chen)虎牙為(wei)(wei)徐州(zhou)(zhou)刺史。九月(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)四日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),下(xia)詔令蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍如果平定京城(cheng),可以(yi)自行決斷(duan)處置,不必上(shang)奏請旨。十一(yi)月(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)五(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)融任(ren)(ren)命(ming)輔國(guo)將(jiang)軍(jun)李(li)元(yuan)履為(wei)(wei)豫州(zhou)(zhou)刺史。十一(yi)月(yue)(yue)十二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),尚(shang)書令、鎮軍(jun)將(jiang)軍(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)穎胄去世,任(ren)(ren)命(ming)黃門郎蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)澹行荊州(zhou)(zhou)府事。十一(yi)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十七(qi)(qi)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)璝(gui)、魯休烈(lie)(lie)向(xiang)齊軍(jun)投(tou)(tou)降。十二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)六日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),齊軍(jun)平定建康城(cheng)。十二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)初(chu)(chu)九日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),皇太后下(xia)令任(ren)(ren)命(ming)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍為(wei)(wei)大司(si)馬、錄尚(shang)書事、驃騎大將(jiang)軍(jun)、揚州(zhou)(zhou)刺史,并封他為(wei)(wei)建安(an)郡(jun)公,比(bi)照晉(jin)武陵(ling)王司(si)馬遵(zun)的先(xian)例,承制總攬政(zheng)務,文武百(bai)官(guan)向(xiang)其致敬。十二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)十二(er)(er)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),改封建安(an)王蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)夤為(wei)(wei)鄱陽王。十二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)十三日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),任(ren)(ren)命(ming)司(si)徒、揚州(zhou)(zhou)刺史晉(jin)安(an)王蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)義為(wei)(wei)太尉(wei),領(ling)司(si)徒之(zhi)(zhi)職(zhi)。十二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)十四日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),賞賜大司(si)馬蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍錢幣二(er)(er)千(qian)(qian)萬,布絹各(ge)五(wu)千(qian)(qian)匹。十二(er)(er)月(yue)(yue)二(er)(er)十五(wu)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri),任(ren)(ren)命(ming)輔國(guo)將(jiang)軍(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)宏為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)護軍(jun)。
禪位被殺
中興二年(nian)(502年(nian))正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)初(chu)九日(ri)(ri),宣(xuan)德(de)太(tai)后臨朝(chao)(chao)稱制,入(ru)居皇宮內殿。并且解除大(da)司馬(ma)蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)的承制。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)初(chu)十(shi)日(ri)(ri),任(ren)命(ming)(ming)寧朔將軍(jun)蕭(xiao)(xiao)昺監管南(nan)兗州。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)十(shi)三(san)日(ri)(ri),任(ren)命(ming)(ming)大(da)司馬(ma)蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)為都督中外諸軍(jun)事,加殊禮(li)。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)二十(shi)日(ri)(ri),任(ren)命(ming)(ming)大(da)司馬(ma)長(chang)史王(wang)(wang)亮為守尚書令。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)二十(shi)五日(ri)(ri),詔令大(da)司馬(ma)蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)進位(wei)相(xiang)國(guo),總(zong)攝朝(chao)(chao)廷一切政務,并兼任(ren)揚(yang)州牧(mu),封十(shi)郡(jun)為梁公,配備(bei)九錫之(zhi)禮(li),加遠游冠,位(wei)在諸王(wang)(wang)上,加相(xiang)國(guo)綠(lv)騑綬,此舉(ju)大(da)大(da)增加了蕭(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)的勢(shi)力。正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)月(yue)(yue)三(san)十(shi)日(ri)(ri),任(ren)命(ming)(ming)新授職(zhi)的右將軍(jun)曹景宗為郢州刺史。
二月(yue)初三(san)(san)日(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)融誅殺湘(xiang)東(dong)王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)晊。二月(yue)初九(jiu)日(ri),下詔梁公蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)晉封為梁王(wang),增封十(shi)郡。三(san)(san)月(yue)初七日(ri),皇太(tai)后下令(ling)賜梁王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)錢五百萬,布五千匹(pi)。三(san)(san)月(yue)十(shi)三(san)(san)日(ri),鄱陽王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)寅投(tou)奔北魏,誅殺邵陵王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)攸、晉熙王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)嵩、桂陽王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)貞。之后命梁王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)冠冕可用十(shi)二旒(liu),建天子旌旗(qi),出行時警戒(jie)清道(dao),禁(jin)止行人,乘金銀馬車,可駕六馬,其余形制也(ye)同天子一般,朝廷蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan)一手遮天,朝廷大權(quan)盡入他人之手。三(san)(san)月(yue)二十(shi)二日(ri),任命冠軍長史(shi)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)秀為南徐州(zhou)刺史(shi),新授職(zhi)的中(zhong)領軍蔡道(dao)恭為司州(zhou)刺史(shi)。蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)融東(dong)回到姑熟。三(san)(san)月(yue)二十(shi)八日(ri),蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)寶(bao)(bao)(bao)融被迫(po)禪位(wei)給梁王(wang)蕭(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)衍(yan),南朝齊滅亡。
四月初三日(ri),禪位詔書下達,皇太后退居外(wai)宮(gong)。四月初九(jiu)日(ri),蕭(xiao)衍(yan)封(feng)蕭(xiao)寶融為(wei)巴(ba)陵王,王宮(gong)設在姑熟,仍然使用齊(qi)朝的歷(li)法,一切照先例進行。當(dang)時,蕭(xiao)衍(yan)想以南海郡為(wei)巴(ba)陵國,遷蕭(xiao)寶融前(qian)(qian)去居住,可是(shi),沈約(yue)卻(que)對(dui)蕭(xiao)衍(yan)說:“古今(jin)不同,當(dang)年(nian)魏武帝(di)曹(cao)操曾經說過:‘不可以慕虛名而受實禍。’”蕭(xiao)衍(yan)聽(ting)后點頭同意,于四月初十派遣親信鄭(zheng)伯(bo)禽(qin)到姑孰,把生金子給(gei)蕭(xiao)寶融,讓他吞(tun)下去,蕭(xiao)寶融說:“我死(si)不須用金子,有(you)醇(chun)酒(jiu)就足夠(gou)。”于是(shi),就給(gei)他飲酒(jiu),喝(he)的爛醉,鄭(zheng)伯(bo)禽(qin)上前(qian)(qian)將其殺死(si)。時年(nian)十五歲。追謚為(wei)齊(qi)和(he)帝(di),葬于恭(gong)安陵。巴(ba)陵王爵(jue)位由其兄長蕭(xiao)寶義繼承(cheng)。
歷史評價
蕭(xiao)子顯《南齊書》:“和帝(di)晚隆,掃難清(qing)宮。達機睹運(yun),高頌永終。”