清江湖濕(shi)地(di)公園地(di)處洪江市(shi)西南部,以清江湖(原托(tuo)口庫(ku)區(qu))為主體,以環湖公路(lu)為邊(bian)界,總面積4.5萬(wan)余(yu)畝,其中(zhong)濕(shi)地(di)面積3.6萬(wan)多畝。濕(shi)地(di)公園規(gui)劃建設5大功能區(qu),即濕(shi)地(di)保育區(qu)、濕(shi)地(di)恢復(fu)重建區(qu)、濕(shi)地(di)宣(xuan)教展(zhan)示區(qu)、合理(li)利用區(qu)、管理(li)服務區(qu)。
地處(chu)湖南(nan)省(sheng)西(xi)部,洪江市境內西(xi)南(nan)角;云貴高原向江南(nan)丘陵過(guo)渡地帶;湘西(xi)與黔東南(nan)交界地。該(gai)區(qu)域(yu),在全國生態(tai)(tai)功(gong)能區(qu)劃中,定位為典(dian)型(xing)亞熱帶生物多樣型(xing)保(bao)護區(qu),長(chang)江流(liu)域(yu)水土保(bao)質,水源涵養及生態(tai)(tai)安全屏障功(gong)能區(qu)。其生態(tai)(tai)區(qu)位十(shi)分重要。濕地公園(yuan)建(jian)設(she)也是(shi)大湘西(xi)生態(tai)(tai)文化(hua)(hua)旅(lv)游圈發展(zhan)的(de)重點(dian)內容之一(yi),對于弘揚(yang)濕地文化(hua)(hua),建(jian)設(she)生態(tai)(tai)文明具有顯(xian)著意義(yi)。
清(qing)江湖(hu),又稱“小洞庭”,環(huan)境優美,資(zi)源(yuan)豐富,是沅江上(shang)游及湘西南(nan)較大(da)的(de)人工湖(hu)和(he)飲用水源(yuan)地(di),為懷化地(di)區(qu)乃至湖(hu)南(nan)用水安全提(ti)供重要保障。
濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)以清江湖(hu)(hu)(hu)為(wei)(wei)主體(ti),以環(huan)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)公(gong)路為(wei)(wei)邊境,地(di)(di)理坐(zuo)標為(wei)(wei)東經109°31′49″—109°40′53″,北緯27°04′39″—27°09′28″,東西長14.95千(qian)米(mi),南北寬8.92千(qian)米(mi),擬(ni)建湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南洪(hong)江清江湖(hu)(hu)(hu)國家濕(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)。總面積3006.5公(gong)頃,其中濕(shi)地(di)(di)面積2458.4公(gong)頃,濕(shi)地(di)(di)率81.77%。分布(bu)有(you)河流濕(shi)地(di)(di)和人(ren)工濕(shi)地(di)(di)兩個(ge)(ge)濕(shi)地(di)(di)類(lei),永(yong)久性河流,洪(hong)泛型(xing)濕(shi)地(di)(di),庫(ku)塘(tang)和稻田四個(ge)(ge)濕(shi)地(di)(di)型(xing),其主體(ti)為(wei)(wei)庫(ku)塘(tang),是典型(xing)的庫(ku)塘(tang)型(xing)濕(shi)地(di)(di)。
濕地(di)(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)處于沅(yuan)水與渠水交界處,是湖南第(di)二大(da)水系沅(yuan)水上游,水量充沛,濕地(di)(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)內(nei)生(sheng)物資源豐富,有維管植物161科535屬(shu)815種(zhong)(zhong),其中濕地(di)(di)植物77科182屬(shu)235種(zhong)(zhong),有國(guo)家(jia)二級重點(dian)保護(hu)(hu)植物6種(zhong)(zhong);濕地(di)(di)現集中有野生(sheng)脊椎動(dong)物5綱27目(mu)74科199種(zhong)(zhong),其中魚類4目(mu)9科40種(zhong)(zhong),鳥類13目(mu)38科102種(zhong)(zhong),有國(guo)家(jia)二級重點(dian)保護(hu)(hu)動(dong)物10種(zhong)(zhong),列(lie)入《瀕臨(lin)動(dong)植物種(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)際貿易公約》的物種(zhong)(zhong)有18種(zhong)(zhong)。
濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)內山水(shui)(shui)(shui)相依,水(shui)(shui)(shui)天(tian)一(yi)(yi)色,歷(li)史文(wen)化源(yuan)(yuan)遠流長(chang),航(hang)運與稻都文(wen)化底(di)蘊深厚。濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)所(suo)在(zai)地(di)千年古鎮(zhen)--托口鎮(zhen),自古以(yi)來也是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)西部地(di)區(qu)進入大西南的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)陸交通咽(yan)喉,上達云貴,下通洞庭,長(chang)江;公(gong)園(yuan)下游有全國(guo)保存較(jiao)為完好的(de)明(ming)清(qing)古城(cheng)之一(yi)(yi)黔陽古城(cheng),唐(tang)代(dai)詩人王昌齡曾在(zai)城(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)芙蓉樓留下了“一(yi)(yi)片冰心在(zai)玉壺”的(de)千古絕唱;濕(shi)(shi)地(di)公(gong)園(yuan)周邊,作為中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)稻都文(wen)化的(de)發(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di)之一(yi)(yi),其(qi)野生香米曾被(bei)列入薦京貢品還是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)秈型(xing)雜交水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻發(fa)源(yuan)(yuan)地(di),袁隆平曾在(zai)此成功研制出(chu)秈型(xing)雜交水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻。
“五(wu)十里水亞(ya)洞(dong)庭,春(chun)暖花開觀清江,千年古鎮隱湖底,芙蓉樓下送辛(xin)漸。”豐富(fu)的資源,優美的景(jing)觀,深厚的文化,為濕地公(gong)園的建(jian)設打(da)下了(le)堅實的基礎。
濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園建設將以(yi)(yi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)與(yu)恢復為主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)目標,同時,積(ji)(ji)極開(kai)展科(ke)學研究,科(ke)普教育(yu)(yu)和(he)(he)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan),實(shi)現濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)與(yu)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)協調(diao)統(tong)一(yi),較大(da)限度的(de)發(fa)(fa)揮濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)所(suo)具(ju)有(you)的(de)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai),社會(hui)和(he)(he)經濟效(xiao)益(yi),實(shi)現人與(yu)自然的(de)和(he)(he)諧相(xiang)處(chu),共(gong)同發(fa)(fa)展。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園總(zong)體(ti)規劃以(yi)(yi)“保(bao)護(hu)(hu)優(you)(you)先,科(ke)學修復,適度開(kai)發(fa)(fa),合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)”為原則,劃分為保(bao)育(yu)(yu)區(qu),恢復重建區(qu),宣教展示區(qu),合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)區(qu)和(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)區(qu)五個功能(neng)區(qu)。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)育(yu)(yu)區(qu)面積(ji)(ji)2532.5公(gong)頃(qing),占(zhan)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園總(zong)面積(ji)(ji)的(de)84.23%,主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)包括清江湖主(zhu)體(ti)水(shui)(shui)面,是濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)公(gong)園的(de)核心及(ji)(ji)主(zhu)體(ti),重點開(kai)展水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)質保(bao)護(hu)(hu);水(shui)(shui)岸生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)保(bao)護(hu)(hu),野(ye)生(sheng)動(dong)植物及(ji)(ji)其棲息(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)保(bao)護(hu)(hu),豐植放流,濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)文化(hua)保(bao)護(hu)(hu),科(ke)學檢測;保(bao)護(hu)(hu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)建設活(huo)(huo)動(dong)等。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)恢復重建區(qu)面積(ji)(ji)247.0公(gong)頃(qing),以(yi)(yi)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)植被恢復,水(shui)(shui)體(ti)恢復為只要(yao)(yao)(yao)目的(de)。濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)宣教展示區(qu)面積(ji)(ji)16.8公(gong)頃(qing),位(wei)于(yu)公(gong)園南部,頻臨(lin)托口(kou)新(xin)鎮,主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)功能(neng)以(yi)(yi)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)及(ji)(ji)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)文化(hua)展示,科(ke)普教育(yu)(yu)為主(zhu);合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)區(qu)面積(ji)(ji)207.8公(gong)頃(qing),位(wei)于(yu)渠水(shui)(shui)大(da)橋西側,交通便捷,環境優(you)(you)美(mei);利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)該區(qu)優(you)(you)美(mei)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形和(he)(he)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)條件,不破壞(huai)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境前提下,開(kai)展濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)觀光游覽(lan),清水(shui)(shui)休閑游戲,農(nong)俗文化(hua)體(ti)驗活(huo)(huo)動(dong),打造合(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)(li)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)示范(fan)基礎。管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)區(qu)面積(ji)(ji)2.4公(gong)頃(qing),位(wei)于(yu)公(gong)園南部,連接濕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)宣教展示區(qu),根據保(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao),建設相(xiang)應的(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)設施,配置相(xiang)應的(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)設備,實(shi)現良好的(de)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li),保(bao)護(hu)(hu),服(fu)(fu)務(wu)功能(neng)。
“萬丈思湖(hu)一(yi)(yi)見(jian)開,地(di)波蕩漾(yang)撲面來(lai)。”洪(hong)(hong)江(jiang)市(shi)市(shi)委,市(shi)政府(fu)及當地(di)群(qun)眾迫切希望(wang)建(jian)設湖(hu)南洪(hong)(hong)江(jiang)清江(jiang)湖(hu)國家濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)(yuan),從而推進(jin)“生(sheng)態洪(hong)(hong)江(jiang),美麗黔陽”建(jian)設。相信不久的(de)(de)將來(lai),在各地(di)政府(fu)的(de)(de)高度(du)重視和大(da)(da)力支持以及當地(di)人(ren)民群(qun)眾的(de)(de)共同努力下(xia),湖(hu)南洪(hong)(hong)江(jiang)清江(jiang)湖(hu)國家濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)(yi)定會建(jian)設成(cheng)(cheng)為湘楚大(da)(da)地(di)上一(yi)(yi)顆璀璨的(de)(de)明珠,成(cheng)(cheng)為庫塘型濕(shi)地(di)公園(yuan)(yuan)建(jian)設的(de)(de)典(dian)范。