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歷史沿革

1982年(nian)經(jing)甘肅省人民政府批準，成立“天水地區(qu)頭二三(san)灘(tan)自然保護區(qu)”。

2006年經國務院辦公廳批準晉升為國家級自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)，更名為“甘肅甘肅小隴山國家級自(zi)然保(bao)護區(qu)”。

地理環境

位置境域

甘(gan)肅甘(gan)肅小隴山國家級自然保護區(qu)(qu)位(wei)于中秦嶺的西(xi)端(duan)，地理坐標(biao)為東經106°13′10″～106°33′06″、北緯33°35′12″～33°45′11″。保護區(qu)(qu)東西(xi)長31.5公(gong)里，南北寬18.5公(gong)里。

地貌

甘(gan)肅甘(gan)肅小隴山國(guo)家(jia)級自然保護區屬于典型的(de)熔巖地貌，局部地段發育大面積喀(ka)斯特地貌。山頂發育的(de)喀(ka)斯特漏(lou)斗(dou)，形狀(zhuang)仿佛農(nong)家(jia)使用的(de)大鍋，當地人謂之(zhi)“鍋坑”，小的(de)直(zhi)(zhi)徑500米(mi)左(zuo)右，大的(de)直(zhi)(zhi)徑2000米(mi)，彼(bi)此連(lian)綿成群。

水文

甘肅小隴山國家級(ji)自然(ran)保護區(qu)有嘉陵(ling)江及其(qi)支流(liu)(liu)東溝(gou)(gou)河(he)、瓦窯溝(gou)(gou)、云鳧河(he)、陳(chen)家溝(gou)(gou)等，水(shui)系呈(cheng)輻散狀分布(bu)，最后向西(xi)和(he)西(xi)北匯集，注入嘉陵(ling)江。其(qi)中嘉陵(ling)江是(shi)保護區(qu)大的過境河(he)流(liu)(liu)，干(gan)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)經保護區(qu)西(xi)緣。年(nian)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)總量(liang)8.4×107立方(fang)米，年(nian)平均(jun)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)51.68立方(fang)米/秒，最大流(liu)(liu)量(liang)9800立方(fang)米/秒(1981年(nian))，流(liu)(liu)域(yu)平均(jun)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)深297.6毫(hao)米。

保護目標

保護對象

甘肅(su)小隴(long)山國家級自(zi)然(ran)保(bao)護區主(zhu)要保(bao)護對象是(shi)暖溫帶—亞熱帶過渡地(di)區原始森林生態(tai)系(xi)統，珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)危物(wu)種，生物(wu)多樣(yang)性和特殊(shu)的自(zi)然(ran)地(di)理景觀。

動物資源

甘(gan)肅小(xiao)隴山(shan)國家級(ji)自然保護區有野生動(dong)物(wu)魚類3目(mu)(mu)(mu)5科(ke)(ke)5亞科(ke)(ke)15屬(shu)17種(zhong)(zhong)，兩棲類2目(mu)(mu)(mu)6科(ke)(ke)6屬(shu)11種(zhong)(zhong)，爬行動(dong)物(wu)2目(mu)(mu)(mu)6科(ke)(ke)17屬(shu)24種(zhong)(zhong)，鳥類16目(mu)(mu)(mu)39科(ke)(ke)199種(zhong)(zhong)，哺乳類7目(mu)(mu)(mu)20科(ke)(ke)66種(zhong)(zhong)。

甘肅小隴(long)山國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護區共(gong)(gong)有魚類(lei)(lei)17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)中總東洋界(jie)(jie)(jie)魚類(lei)(lei)3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，古(gu)(gu)北(bei)界(jie)(jie)(jie)魚類(lei)(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩(liang)界(jie)(jie)(jie)共(gong)(gong)有的魚有10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有兩(liang)棲類(lei)(lei)11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)中4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)東洋界(jie)(jie)(jie)，古(gu)(gu)北(bei)界(jie)(jie)(jie)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，共(gong)(gong)有5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有爬行類(lei)(lei)24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)(qi)中東洋界(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，純古(gu)(gu)北(bei)界(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沒(mei)有，共(gong)(gong)有2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有鳥類(lei)(lei)199種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，廣布(bu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)74種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、古(gu)(gu)北(bei)界(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)69種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和東洋界(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)56種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)哺乳類(lei)(lei)，其(qi)(qi)中古(gu)(gu)北(bei)界(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，東洋界(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，兩(liang)界(jie)(jie)(jie)共(gong)(gong)有的物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。

甘肅小(xiao)隴(long)山國(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)(ji)自然保護(hu)區共(gong)有(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)一級(ji)(ji)保護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，國(guo)家(jia)(jia)二(er)級(ji)(ji)保護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其(qi)中國(guo)家(jia)(jia)二(er)級(ji)(ji)兩棲爬(pa)行動(dong)物(wu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)；鳥類(lei)中有(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)一級(ji)(ji)保護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即金雕；國(guo)家(jia)(jia)二(er)級(ji)(ji)保護(hu)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，即鳶 、蒼鷹、雀鷹、松(song)雀鷹、普通鵟、紅(hong)隼、燕隼、紅(hong)腳隼、紅(hong)腹角雉、勺雞、紅(hong)腹錦雞、灰鶴、紅(hong)角鸮(xiao)、雕鸮(xiao)、領鵂(xiu)鹠(liu)、斑(ban)頭鵂(xiu)鹠(liu)、短(duan)耳鸮(xiao)、灰林鸮(xiao)；保護(hu)區有(you)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)一級(ji)(ji)保護(hu)哺乳類(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，為(wei)羚(ling)牛秦(qin)嶺亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、云(yun)豹(bao)、豹(bao)、林麝， 二(er)級(ji)(ji)保護(hu)哺乳類(lei)有(you)大靈貓、果子貍秦(qin)巴亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、狼北部亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、赤狐蒙新亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、野豬(zhu)川西亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、林麝、小(xiao)麂指名亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、毛冠鹿(lu)指名亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、羚(ling)牛秦(qin)嶺亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鬣羚(ling)、斑(ban)羚(ling)等10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。  （以(yi)上數據截止2014年）

植物資源

物種(zhong)基本組成：保護(hu)區共(gong)有種(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物123科(ke)(ke)、561屬、1258種(zhong)（含種(zhong)以下等級）。其中裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物6科(ke)(ke)12屬18種(zhong)；被(bei)子植(zhi)(zhi)物中的雙子葉植(zhi)(zhi)物105科(ke)(ke)448屬1057種(zhong)，單子葉植(zhi)(zhi)物12科(ke)(ke)101屬183種(zhong)。

區系(xi)地理成分：保(bao)護(hu)區的(de)(de)植(zhi)物地理成分復雜(za)，具有(you)中(zhong)國所有(you)的(de)(de)15個(ge)分布(bu)區類型(xing)，其(qi)中(zhong)屬于世界分布(bu)的(de)(de)有(you)56個(ge)屬，屬于熱帶或以熱帶為(wei)中(zhong)心(xin)分布(bu)的(de)(de)類型(xing)有(you)128屬、244種(zhong)，分別占總數的(de)(de)22.9%、19.4%；屬于溫(wen)帶性質(zhi)的(de)(de)類型(xing)有(you)376屬、806種(zhong)，分別占總數的(de)(de)67.2%、64.5%。顯然北溫(wen)帶分布(bu)的(de)(de)屬數、種(zhong)數多，溫(wen)帶屬性是保(bao)護(hu)區植(zhi)物區系(xi)的(de)(de)基(ji)本特點(dian)。

從(cong)科(ke)(ke)屬(shu)(shu)的分(fen)布型(xing)統計(ji)看，屬(shu)(shu)于世界廣布型(xing)的有34科(ke)(ke)56屬(shu)(shu)202種(zhong)，分(fen)別(bie)(bie)占自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區總(zong)的科(ke)(ke)屬(shu)(shu)種(zhong)的27.6%、10%和16.1%；屬(shu)(shu)于熱(re)帶(dai)分(fen)布型(xing)的有55科(ke)(ke)128屬(shu)(shu)244種(zhong)，分(fen)別(bie)(bie)占自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區總(zong)的科(ke)(ke)屬(shu)(shu)種(zhong)的44.7%、22.9%和19.5%；而屬(shu)(shu)于溫帶(dai)分(fen)布型(xing)的有86科(ke)(ke)375屬(shu)(shu)807種(zhong)，分(fen)別(bie)(bie)占自(zi)然保(bao)護(hu)區總(zong)的科(ke)(ke)屬(shu)(shu)種(zhong)的69.9%、67%64.4%。（以(yi)上(shang)數據截止2014年）

區域范圍

保護區(qu)總面(mian)積(ji)31938平方(fang)(fang)米，核心(xin)區(qu)面(mian)積(ji)10 256平方(fang)(fang)米，緩沖(chong)區(qu)面(mian)積(ji)10158平方(fang)(fang)米，實驗(yan)區(qu)面(mian)積(ji)11524平方(fang)(fang)米。

旅游景區

云幈寺

云(yun)(yun)幈寺座落于云(yun)(yun)幈鄉北(bei)端(duan)，占地約(yue)兩畝，有大(da)殿(dian)、經室、廂房、齋(zhai)院和山門(men)。大(da)殿(dian)中供(gong)奉著(zhu)如來佛、觀世音菩薩等眾神像，山門(men)中面目猙獰的靈官塑(su)像，山門(men)上(shang)有一幅隸書(shu)對聯，上(shang)聯是“存(cun)心邪僻 任爾(er)燒香無點益”，下(xia)聯是“持身正大(da) 見吾不拜有何妨”。

古峽棧道

在觀(guan)音峽(xia)峽(xia)谷左面(mian)的峭壁上，留(liu)有古棧道(dao)遺跡(ji)十余處，據說漢劉邦當年(nian)退出咸陽入漢中(zhong)時，為向項羽表(biao)明自(zi)己無心奪中(zhong)原而火燒棧道(dao)，燒的就是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)條棧道(dao)。后來韓信明修棧道(dao)，暗渡陳倉，佯裝修復的也是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)條棧道(dao)。1949年(nian)7月，寶(bao)雞(ji)解放(fang)后，戰敗的國(guo)民黨(dang)胡宗南殘部214師(shi)也是(shi)(shi)取此道(dao)南逃四(si)川的。