1982年(nian)經甘肅(su)省人民政府批準,成立“天水地區(qu)頭二三灘自然保護區(qu)”。
2006年經國(guo)務院(yuan)辦公廳批準晉升為國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護區,更名為“甘肅甘肅小隴山國(guo)家級自然保(bao)護區”。
甘肅甘肅小隴山國家級自然保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)位于(yu)中(zhong)秦嶺的西(xi)端,地理坐標為東(dong)經106°13′10″~106°33′06″、北(bei)緯33°35′12″~33°45′11″。保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)東(dong)西(xi)長(chang)31.5公里,南北(bei)寬(kuan)18.5公里。
甘肅甘肅小(xiao)隴山(shan)(shan)國家級自然保(bao)護區(qu)屬于典(dian)型的(de)熔巖(yan)地貌,局部地段發育大(da)面(mian)積喀斯(si)特地貌。山(shan)(shan)頂發育的(de)喀斯(si)特漏斗,形(xing)狀仿佛農家使(shi)用的(de)大(da)鍋,當(dang)地人謂(wei)之(zhi)“鍋坑”,小(xiao)的(de)直徑500米左右,大(da)的(de)直徑2000米,彼此連(lian)綿(mian)成群。
甘肅(su)小隴山國家級自然(ran)保護區(qu)有嘉陵(ling)江(jiang)及其支流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)東溝河(he)、瓦窯(yao)溝、云(yun)鳧河(he)、陳(chen)家溝等,水(shui)系呈(cheng)輻散狀分(fen)布(bu),最后向西和(he)西北(bei)匯集,注入嘉陵(ling)江(jiang)。其中嘉陵(ling)江(jiang)是保護區(qu)大(da)的過境(jing)河(he)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),干(gan)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經(jing)保護區(qu)西緣。年(nian)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)總量(liang)8.4×107立(li)方(fang)米,年(nian)平均流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)51.68立(li)方(fang)米/秒,最大(da)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量(liang)9800立(li)方(fang)米/秒(1981年(nian)),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域平均徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)深297.6毫米。
甘肅小隴山國(guo)家級(ji)自然保護(hu)(hu)區(qu)主要保護(hu)(hu)對象是(shi)暖溫帶(dai)—亞熱帶(dai)過渡(du)地區(qu)原始森林生態系統(tong),珍(zhen)稀(xi)瀕危物種,生物多樣性和特殊的自然地理景(jing)觀。
甘肅小(xiao)隴山國家(jia)級自然保護區(qu)有野生動物魚類(lei)3目5科(ke)5亞科(ke)15屬(shu)17種(zhong),兩(liang)棲(qi)類(lei)2目6科(ke)6屬(shu)11種(zhong),爬行動物2目6科(ke)17屬(shu)24種(zhong),鳥類(lei)16目39科(ke)199種(zhong),哺乳類(lei)7目20科(ke)66種(zhong)。
甘肅(su)小隴山國家級自(zi)然保護(hu)區共有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)魚(yu)類17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)(qi)中總東(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)魚(yu)類3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),古北(bei)界(jie)(jie)魚(yu)類4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩界(jie)(jie)共有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)魚(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩棲類11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)(qi)中4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)東(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie),古北(bei)界(jie)(jie)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),共有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)爬行(xing)類24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)(qi)中東(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),純古北(bei)界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),共有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)鳥類199種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),廣(guang)布種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)74種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、古北(bei)界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)69種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)東(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)56種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)哺(bu)乳類,其(qi)(qi)中古北(bei)界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),東(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩界(jie)(jie)共有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
甘肅(su)小隴(long)山(shan)國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然(ran)保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)共有(you)國(guo)家(jia)一級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國(guo)家(jia)二(er)(er)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中(zhong)國(guo)家(jia)二(er)(er)級(ji)兩棲爬(pa)行(xing)動物(wu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);鳥(niao)類(lei)中(zhong)有(you)國(guo)家(jia)一級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),即金雕(diao);國(guo)家(jia)二(er)(er)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),即鳶 、蒼鷹、雀鷹、松雀鷹、普通(tong)鵟、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)隼、燕隼、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)腳隼、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)腹角(jiao)雉、勺雞、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)腹錦雞、灰鶴、紅(hong)(hong)(hong)角(jiao)鸮(xiao)、雕(diao)鸮(xiao)、領鵂鹠(liu)(liu)、斑頭鵂鹠(liu)(liu)、短耳(er)鸮(xiao)、灰林鸮(xiao);保(bao)(bao)護區(qu)有(you)國(guo)家(jia)一級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護哺乳類(lei)4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),為羚(ling)(ling)牛秦(qin)嶺(ling)亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、云豹、豹、林麝(she), 二(er)(er)級(ji)保(bao)(bao)護哺乳類(lei)有(you)大靈貓(mao)、果(guo)子貍秦(qin)巴亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、狼北部亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、赤狐蒙新亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、野豬川西亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、林麝(she)、小麂指(zhi)名亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、毛冠鹿指(zhi)名亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、羚(ling)(ling)牛秦(qin)嶺(ling)亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鬣羚(ling)(ling)、斑羚(ling)(ling)等10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 (以上數據截止2014年)
物種(zhong)基本組成(cheng):保護區共有(you)種(zhong)子(zi)植物123科(ke)、561屬(shu)、1258種(zhong)(含種(zhong)以下等(deng)級)。其中(zhong)裸子(zi)植物6科(ke)12屬(shu)18種(zhong);被子(zi)植物中(zhong)的雙子(zi)葉(xie)植物105科(ke)448屬(shu)1057種(zhong),單(dan)子(zi)葉(xie)植物12科(ke)101屬(shu)183種(zhong)。
區系(xi)地(di)理(li)成(cheng)分:保(bao)護區的(de)植物地(di)理(li)成(cheng)分復雜,具(ju)有(you)中(zhong)國所有(you)的(de)15個分布(bu)區類(lei)(lei)型,其中(zhong)屬(shu)于世界分布(bu)的(de)有(you)56個屬(shu),屬(shu)于熱帶(dai)或以熱帶(dai)為中(zhong)心分布(bu)的(de)類(lei)(lei)型有(you)128屬(shu)、244種(zhong),分別占總數的(de)22.9%、19.4%;屬(shu)于溫帶(dai)性質(zhi)的(de)類(lei)(lei)型有(you)376屬(shu)、806種(zhong),分別占總數的(de)67.2%、64.5%。顯然北溫帶(dai)分布(bu)的(de)屬(shu)數、種(zhong)數多,溫帶(dai)屬(shu)性是保(bao)護區植物區系(xi)的(de)基本特點。
從科(ke)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)分(fen)布型(xing)統計看,屬(shu)(shu)于世(shi)界廣布型(xing)的(de)有34科(ke)56屬(shu)(shu)202種,分(fen)別(bie)占(zhan)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區總的(de)科(ke)屬(shu)(shu)種的(de)27.6%、10%和16.1%;屬(shu)(shu)于熱帶(dai)分(fen)布型(xing)的(de)有55科(ke)128屬(shu)(shu)244種,分(fen)別(bie)占(zhan)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區總的(de)科(ke)屬(shu)(shu)種的(de)44.7%、22.9%和19.5%;而屬(shu)(shu)于溫帶(dai)分(fen)布型(xing)的(de)有86科(ke)375屬(shu)(shu)807種,分(fen)別(bie)占(zhan)自然保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區總的(de)科(ke)屬(shu)(shu)種的(de)69.9%、67%64.4%。(以上數據截止2014年)
保護(hu)區(qu)(qu)總面積(ji)(ji)(ji)31938平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),核心區(qu)(qu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)10 256平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),緩沖區(qu)(qu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)10158平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),實(shi)驗(yan)區(qu)(qu)面積(ji)(ji)(ji)11524平(ping)(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)。
云幈寺座(zuo)落于(yu)云幈鄉北(bei)端,占地約兩畝,有(you)大殿、經室(shi)、廂房、齋院和(he)山(shan)門(men)。大殿中供奉著如來佛(fo)、觀世音菩薩等(deng)眾(zhong)神像,山(shan)門(men)中面目猙獰(ning)的(de)靈官塑像,山(shan)門(men)上有(you)一(yi)幅隸書(shu)對聯(lian),上聯(lian)是(shi)“存心邪僻 任爾燒香無(wu)點(dian)益”,下聯(lian)是(shi)“持(chi)身正大 見吾(wu)不拜有(you)何妨”。
在(zai)觀音峽峽谷(gu)左面的(de)(de)峭壁(bi)上,留有古棧(zhan)道(dao)遺跡十余處,據說(shuo)漢劉(liu)邦當年退出(chu)咸陽入漢中時,為向項(xiang)羽表(biao)明自己(ji)無心奪中原(yuan)而火燒棧(zhan)道(dao),燒的(de)(de)就是(shi)這條棧(zhan)道(dao)。后(hou)來韓信明修(xiu)棧(zhan)道(dao),暗渡陳倉,佯裝修(xiu)復(fu)的(de)(de)也(ye)是(shi)這條棧(zhan)道(dao)。1949年7月,寶雞解放后(hou),戰敗的(de)(de)國民黨胡宗南(nan)殘部214師(shi)也(ye)是(shi)取此道(dao)南(nan)逃四川的(de)(de)。