1982年(nian)經(jing)甘肅省(sheng)人(ren)民(min)政府(fu)批(pi)準,成(cheng)立“天(tian)水地區(qu)頭(tou)二三(san)灘自(zi)然保護區(qu)”。
2006年經(jing)國(guo)務院辦(ban)公廳批準(zhun)晉升(sheng)為國(guo)家級自(zi)然(ran)保護區,更名為“甘肅(su)甘肅(su)小隴山國(guo)家級自(zi)然(ran)保護區”。
甘肅甘肅小隴山國家級自(zi)然保護(hu)區位于中秦(qin)嶺的西(xi)端,地理坐標(biao)為東經106°13′10″~106°33′06″、北緯33°35′12″~33°45′11″。保護(hu)區東西(xi)長31.5公里,南北寬(kuan)18.5公里。
甘肅甘肅小隴山國家(jia)級自然保護區(qu)屬于典型的(de)熔巖地(di)(di)貌,局部地(di)(di)段發(fa)育大(da)面(mian)積(ji)喀(ka)斯特地(di)(di)貌。山頂發(fa)育的(de)喀(ka)斯特漏(lou)斗(dou),形狀(zhuang)仿佛(fo)農家(jia)使用的(de)大(da)鍋,當(dang)地(di)(di)人謂(wei)之(zhi)“鍋坑”,小的(de)直徑(jing)500米(mi)左右,大(da)的(de)直徑(jing)2000米(mi),彼此連綿成(cheng)群。
甘(gan)肅小隴山國家級自然保護區(qu)有嘉(jia)陵(ling)江(jiang)及其(qi)支流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)東溝(gou)河、瓦窯溝(gou)、云(yun)鳧河、陳家溝(gou)等,水(shui)系呈輻散狀分布,最后向西(xi)和(he)西(xi)北匯(hui)集,注入(ru)嘉(jia)陵(ling)江(jiang)。其(qi)中嘉(jia)陵(ling)江(jiang)是(shi)保護區(qu)大的過(guo)境河流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),干流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經保護區(qu)西(xi)緣。年徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)總量8.4×107立(li)方米,年平均(jun)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量51.68立(li)方米/秒,最大流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)量9800立(li)方米/秒(1981年),流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)域平均(jun)徑流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)深(shen)297.6毫(hao)米。
甘肅小(xiao)隴山國(guo)家級(ji)自然保護區主(zhu)要保護對象是暖溫帶—亞熱帶過渡地區原始森林生態系統,珍稀(xi)瀕(bin)危物種,生物多樣性和特殊的自然地理景觀。
甘(gan)肅小(xiao)隴山國(guo)家級自然保護區有(you)野生動物(wu)魚類(lei)3目(mu)(mu)5科5亞科15屬17種(zhong),兩棲類(lei)2目(mu)(mu)6科6屬11種(zhong),爬(pa)行動物(wu)2目(mu)(mu)6科17屬24種(zhong),鳥類(lei)16目(mu)(mu)39科199種(zhong),哺乳(ru)類(lei)7目(mu)(mu)20科66種(zhong)。
甘肅小(xiao)隴(long)山國家(jia)級自然(ran)保護區共有(you)(you)(you)(you)魚類17種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中總東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)(jie)魚類3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),古北(bei)(bei)界(jie)(jie)(jie)魚類4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩(liang)界(jie)(jie)(jie)共有(you)(you)(you)(you)的魚有(you)(you)(you)(you)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)兩(liang)棲類11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)屬東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)(jie),古北(bei)(bei)界(jie)(jie)(jie)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),共有(you)(you)(you)(you)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)爬行(xing)類24種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),其(qi)中東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)22種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),純古北(bei)(bei)界(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you),共有(you)(you)(you)(you)2種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)鳥類199種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),廣布種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)74種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、古北(bei)(bei)界(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)69種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)56種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。有(you)(you)(you)(you)66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)哺乳類,其(qi)中古北(bei)(bei)界(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)30種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),東(dong)(dong)洋(yang)界(jie)(jie)(jie)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),兩(liang)界(jie)(jie)(jie)共有(you)(you)(you)(you)的物種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
甘肅小隴山(shan)國家(jia)(jia)級自然(ran)保護區(qu)共有(you)(you)國家(jia)(jia)一級保護物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)5種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),國家(jia)(jia)二(er)級保護物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。其中國家(jia)(jia)二(er)級兩棲爬行動物(wu)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);鳥類中有(you)(you)國家(jia)(jia)一級保護物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)1種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),即金(jin)雕(diao);國家(jia)(jia)二(er)級保護物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),即鳶 、蒼鷹、雀(que)鷹、松(song)雀(que)鷹、普(pu)通鵟、紅(hong)(hong)隼(sun)、燕隼(sun)、紅(hong)(hong)腳隼(sun)、紅(hong)(hong)腹角雉(zhi)、勺雞、紅(hong)(hong)腹錦雞、灰鶴、紅(hong)(hong)角鸮(xiao)、雕(diao)鸮(xiao)、領(ling)鵂(xiu)鹠(liu)、斑(ban)頭(tou)鵂(xiu)鹠(liu)、短耳鸮(xiao)、灰林鸮(xiao);保護區(qu)有(you)(you)國家(jia)(jia)一級保護哺乳(ru)(ru)類4種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),為羚牛(niu)秦(qin)嶺(ling)亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、云豹(bao)、豹(bao)、林麝(she), 二(er)級保護哺乳(ru)(ru)類有(you)(you)大靈貓、果(guo)子(zi)貍秦(qin)巴亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、狼(lang)北部亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、赤(chi)狐蒙(meng)新亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、野豬川(chuan)西亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、林麝(she)、小麂指名(ming)(ming)亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、毛冠鹿(lu)指名(ming)(ming)亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、羚牛(niu)秦(qin)嶺(ling)亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、鬣羚、斑(ban)羚等10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。 (以上數據截止2014年)
物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)種基本組成:保護區(qu)共有種子(zi)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)123科、561屬、1258種(含種以下等級)。其中裸子(zi)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)6科12屬18種;被子(zi)植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)中的雙子(zi)葉植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)105科448屬1057種,單子(zi)葉植物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)12科101屬183種。
區系地(di)理成分(fen)(fen)(fen):保護區的(de)(de)(de)(de)植物地(di)理成分(fen)(fen)(fen)復雜(za),具有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)國所有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)15個(ge)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布區類(lei)型(xing),其中(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)于世(shi)界分(fen)(fen)(fen)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)56個(ge)屬(shu),屬(shu)于熱帶(dai)(dai)(dai)或以熱帶(dai)(dai)(dai)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)類(lei)型(xing)有(you)128屬(shu)、244種,分(fen)(fen)(fen)別占(zhan)總數的(de)(de)(de)(de)22.9%、19.4%;屬(shu)于溫(wen)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)性質的(de)(de)(de)(de)類(lei)型(xing)有(you)376屬(shu)、806種,分(fen)(fen)(fen)別占(zhan)總數的(de)(de)(de)(de)67.2%、64.5%。顯然北溫(wen)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)布的(de)(de)(de)(de)屬(shu)數、種數多,溫(wen)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)屬(shu)性是(shi)保護區植物區系的(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)特點。
從科(ke)(ke)(ke)屬(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)分布(bu)型統(tong)計(ji)看,屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)世(shi)界廣(guang)布(bu)型的(de)(de)(de)有(you)34科(ke)(ke)(ke)56屬(shu)(shu)202種(zhong)(zhong),分別占(zhan)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)總的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)屬(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)27.6%、10%和16.1%;屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)熱帶(dai)(dai)分布(bu)型的(de)(de)(de)有(you)55科(ke)(ke)(ke)128屬(shu)(shu)244種(zhong)(zhong),分別占(zhan)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)總的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)屬(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)44.7%、22.9%和19.5%;而屬(shu)(shu)于(yu)溫(wen)帶(dai)(dai)分布(bu)型的(de)(de)(de)有(you)86科(ke)(ke)(ke)375屬(shu)(shu)807種(zhong)(zhong),分別占(zhan)自然(ran)(ran)(ran)保護(hu)區(qu)總的(de)(de)(de)科(ke)(ke)(ke)屬(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)69.9%、67%64.4%。(以上(shang)數據截止2014年)
保護區(qu)總面積31938平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米,核心(xin)區(qu)面積10 256平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米,緩沖區(qu)面積10158平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米,實驗(yan)區(qu)面積11524平(ping)方(fang)(fang)(fang)米。
云幈寺座落于(yu)云幈鄉北端,占地約(yue)兩畝,有(you)(you)大殿(dian)、經室、廂房(fang)、齋院和山門(men)。大殿(dian)中供奉著(zhu)如(ru)來佛、觀(guan)世(shi)音(yin)菩薩等(deng)眾(zhong)神像,山門(men)中面目猙獰的靈官塑像,山門(men)上有(you)(you)一幅隸書(shu)對(dui)聯(lian),上聯(lian)是“存(cun)心邪(xie)僻 任爾燒(shao)香無點益”,下聯(lian)是“持身正大 見吾不(bu)拜有(you)(you)何妨”。
在(zai)觀音(yin)峽峽谷左面的(de)峭壁上,留有古棧道遺(yi)跡十(shi)余處,據說漢劉(liu)邦當年(nian)退出咸陽入漢中時,為向(xiang)項羽表明(ming)自己無心奪(duo)中原而火燒棧道,燒的(de)就(jiu)是這(zhe)條(tiao)棧道。后(hou)來韓信明(ming)修棧道,暗渡(du)陳倉,佯(yang)裝修復的(de)也是這(zhe)條(tiao)棧道。1949年(nian)7月(yue),寶雞解放后(hou),戰敗(bai)的(de)國民(min)黨胡(hu)宗(zong)南(nan)殘(can)部214師(shi)也是取此道南(nan)逃四川的(de)。