是(shi)(shi)中國少見的(de)集(ji)森林和(he)野(ye)(ye)生動(dong)物型(xing)(xing)、高(gao)原濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)型(xing)(xing)、高(gao)原草甸(dian)(dian)型(xing)(xing)三重功能為一體(ti)的(de)珍(zhen)稀野(ye)(ye)生動(dong)植物自(zi)然(ran)保護區(qu)。土(tu)(tu)壤為高(gao)山草甸(dian)(dian)土(tu)(tu)、灰褐土(tu)(tu)、暗黑色草甸(dian)(dian)土(tu)(tu)、泥(ni)炭土(tu)(tu)和(he)沼澤土(tu)(tu),海拔2900~4400m,高(gao)差1500m,氣候(hou)屬于青(qing)藏高(gao)原濕(shi)(shi)潤氣候(hou)區(qu),冬季漫長(chang),夏季溫涼,是(shi)(shi)避暑納涼休假的(de)理想(xiang)之地(di)(di)。特別值得一提(ti)的(de)是(shi)(shi)位于保護區(qu)西南部的(de)尕(ga)海濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di),尕(ga)海濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)是(shi)(shi)鳥類(lei)遷徙的(de)必經(jing)之路,每(mei)年春秋季有數以萬計的(de)候(hou)鳥到此地(di)(di)歇腳,繁殖后代,享(xiang)有“鳥類(lei)樂園”的(de)美稱。
保護區有脊椎動物5綱、26目、58科、197種。其中獸類(lei)6目,15科,38種;鳥(niao)類(lei)15目,35科,144種;繁(fan)殖鳥(niao)129種,其中夏(xia)候鳥(niao)64種,占繁(fan)殖鳥(niao)的49.6%;兩棲類(lei)2目4科、4種;爬(pa)行類(lei)1目,2科、2種;魚類(lei)1目,2科、9種。
國家保(bao)護(hu)類38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占19.3%,其中Ⅰ類保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),Ⅱ類保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。列入《瀕危野生動植物(wu)公(gong)約(yue)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類27種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占保(bao)護(hu)區鳥、獸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)14.8%,其中:列為公(gong)約(yue)附錄Ⅰ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),附錄Ⅱ的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)19種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);列入中日《保(bao)護(hu)候鳥及其棲息環(huan)境協定》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鳥類31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),占鳥類種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)21.5%。列入甘(gan)肅省重點保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)野生動物(wu)有(you)(you)大白鷺、豹貓、斑(ban)頭雁(yan)、狐、毛冠鹿、雪鴿、灰雁(yan)。重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟(ji)動物(wu)有(you)(you)黃河裸裂尻魚、厚(hou)唇裸重唇魚、藍(lan)馬雞、斑(ban)尾榛雞、雉雞、斑(ban)頭雁(yan)、赤(chi)麻鴨、高原山鶉、林(lin)麝、馬麝、狐、狼、巖羊、高原兔(tu)、旱獺等41種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。按用(yong)途分藥用(yong)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),食用(yong)25種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),皮用(yong)26種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),羽用(yong)20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。
保護區有(you)昆(kun)(kun)蟲10目、59科(ke)、283種(zhong)。捕食和(he)寄(ji)生性天敵昆(kun)(kun)蟲6目、18科(ke)、56種(zhong)。具觀賞價(jia)值的珍稀蝶(die)(die)、蛾類(lei)9科(ke)100種(zhong),特(te)別是絹(juan)(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)類(lei),被列為世(shi)界(jie)知名的珍稀種(zhong)類(lei)。在保護區有(you)白絹(juan)(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)、黃毛白絹(juan)(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)、小紅珠絹(juan)(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)、甘南紅珠蝶(die)(die)、秦嶺紅珠絹(juan)(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)、四川絹(juan)(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)、君主絹(juan)(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)、周氏絹(juan)(juan)(juan)蝶(die)(die)等10種(zhong)。
保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)植物區(qu)(qu)系(xi)是(shi)(shi)橫斷(duan)山植物區(qu)(qu)系(xi)的(de)一部分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),即川西北(bei)、甘南(nan)和(he)(he)青東南(nan)小區(qu)(qu)。植物區(qu)(qu)系(xi)是(shi)(shi)溫(wen)帶(dai)性(xing)質(zhi),其成分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)很少(shao)。從本地(di)區(qu)(qu)生長的(de)優勢科(ke)(ke)來看,菊(ju)科(ke)(ke)、毛(mao)茛科(ke)(ke)、禾(he)本科(ke)(ke)、薔薇(wei)科(ke)(ke)、玄(xuan)生科(ke)(ke)、豆科(ke)(ke)、莎草科(ke)(ke)都是(shi)(shi)世界性(xing)大科(ke)(ke),又是(shi)(shi)以北(bei)溫(wen)帶(dai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)型號(hao)為主(zhu),從屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)型來看,溫(wen)帶(dai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)型169個,占總屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)79.5%。在29個主(zhu)要屬(shu)(shu)(shu)中,有22個是(shi)(shi)北(bei)溫(wen)帶(dai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)型,北(bei)溫(wen)帶(dai)成分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)中的(de)冷杉屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、云杉屬(shu)(shu)(shu)等(deng)為建群種和(he)(he)優勢種,組成廣闊的(de)寒溫(wen)性(xing)針(zhen)葉林植被,同時,北(bei)溫(wen)帶(dai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)布(bu)(bu)的(de)許(xu)多大屬(shu)(shu)(shu),如杜鵑屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、馬(ma)先蒿(hao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、苔草屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、柳屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、風毛(mao)菊(ju)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、蒿(hao)草屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、龍膽屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、蒿(hao)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)、草熟禾(he)屬(shu)(shu)(shu),在保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)內得到(dao)充分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)發(fa)育和(he)(he)高度(du)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)化。
保(bao)護區(qu)(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)和(he)橫(heng)斷(duan)(duan)山(shan)脈植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)有(you)(you)密切的(de)(de)(de)(de)聯系(xi)(xi)(xi)。從本地區(qu)(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)看特(te)別是中國(guo)特(te)有(you)(you)種(zhong)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)來分(fen)析,本地區(qu)(qu)和(he)橫(heng)斷(duan)(duan)山(shan)地區(qu)(qu)(四川西(xi)北部(bu)、青(qing)海(hai)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)部(bu)、西(xi)藏東(dong)(dong)南(nan)部(bu)、滇西(xi)北部(bu))的(de)(de)(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)相似性很(hen)大(da),在529種(zhong)種(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)中,有(you)(you)175種(zhong)中國(guo)特(te)有(you)(you)種(zhong)和(he)橫(heng)斷(duan)(duan)山(shan)地區(qu)(qu)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)共占(zhan)總數的(de)(de)(de)(de)33%,在高(gao)(gao)山(shan)和(he)亞高(gao)(gao)山(shan)地區(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)以(yi)青(qing)藏高(gao)(gao)原東(dong)(dong)緣(yuan)典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)有(you)(you)成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)岷(min)江(jiang)冷杉(shan)、紫果云杉(shan)及(ji)云杉(shan)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)面積(ji)森林和(he)頭(tou)花杜(du)鵑(juan)、百里香杜(du)鵑(juan)、黃毛杜(du)鵑(juan)、山(shan)生柳、窄葉(xie)鮮(xian)卑花組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)灌叢;在洮河源頭(tou),西(xi)傾山(shan)、尕(ga)海(hai)地區(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)以(yi)青(qing)藏高(gao)(gao)原成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)高(gao)(gao)山(shan)蒿草(cao)(cao)和(he)以(yi)中國(guo)——喜馬拉雅成(cheng)(cheng)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圓穗蓼組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)寒草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)。
保(bao)護區植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)資(zi)源(yuan)豐富,是寶(bao)貴的基因庫。區內種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)有(you)61科,213屬,529種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(包括8亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),48變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),7變(bian)型),其中裸子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)3科,5屬,11種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(包括1變(bian)型),被子植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)58科,208屬,518種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(包括8亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),48變(bian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),6變(bian)型。)食用植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),藥(yao)用植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)128種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),牧(mu)草106種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(其中優質牧(mu)草43種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),良(liang)好牧(mu)草32種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),中等牧(mu)草31種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)),保(bao)護和(he)改造環境植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質資(zi)源(yuan)植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)類9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。國家和(he)省(sheng)重(zhong)點保(bao)護植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)(wu)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):
(1)列入第一(yi)批中(zhong)國珍稀(xi)瀕危植物保護名錄的有(you):星葉(xie)草、桃兒(er)七、黃(huang)耆(qi)。
(2)列入第(di)二(er)批中國珍(zhen)稀瀕危保護植物名錄的有:黨(dang)參、西藏沙棘、掌(zhang)葉(xie)大黃、細穗玄參、馬尿泡。
(3)列入國(guo)家保護野生植物(wu)名(ming)錄(lu)的有(you):冬蟲夏草、中麻黃、中國(guo)沙棘、羽(yu)葉點地梅、山(shan)茛菪。
(4)列入甘肅省重點保(bao)護植物名錄(lu)的有:紫果云杉、方枝柏(bo)(bo)、祁連圓柏(bo)(bo)。
自然保護(hu)區的(de)大(da)型真菌(jun)有8目、23科、42屬、68種(zhong),其中(zhong)食用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)43種(zhong),食用(yong)(yong)兼藥用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)27種(zhong),純(chun)藥用(yong)(yong)菌(jun)17種(zhong),毒菌(jun)3種(zhong)。珍貴(gui)的(de)種(zhong)類有冬(dong)蟲夏(xia)草、羊肚菌(jun)、尖(jian)頂羊肚菌(jun)和(he)粗(cu)柄羊肚菌(jun),是山中(zhong)珍品,售價(jia)昂貴(gui)。
保護區(qu)境內(nei)地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)和地下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)都相(xiang)當(dang)豐(feng)富,碌曲的意思(si)就(jiu)是(shi)龍水(shui)(shui)(shui)與(yu)神(shen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。全區(qu)年平(ping)均(jun)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為36.43億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)。地表水(shui)(shui)(shui)年總徑流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)31.11億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(洮河(he)(he)(he)(he)境內(nei)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)18公(gong)里(li),年徑流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)20.1億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);黑河(he)(he)(he)(he)境內(nei)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)27公(gong)里(li),匯(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積111平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li),年平(ping)均(jun)總徑流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)10.6億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),年平(ping)均(jun)徑流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)33.6立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒。白龍江是(shi)嘉陵江的一級(ji)支流(liu)(liu),發源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)本縣郎(lang)木寺鄉西面的結格雜干瘦山(shan)南麓,境內(nei)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)14公(gong)里(li),匯(hui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積81平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里(li),年平(ping)均(jun)總徑流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)0.411億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),年平(ping)均(jun)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1.32立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)/秒),其中入境水(shui)(shui)(shui)24.11億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),本區(qu)洮河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)自(zi)產(chan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)6.60億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(周可(ke)河(he)(he)(he)(he)發源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)尕海,流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)56公(gong)里(li),在紅科匯(hui)入洮河(he)(he)(he)(he),年徑流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)約(yue)3.1億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi);貢(gong)去乎河(he)(he)(he)(he)發源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)貢(gong)巴、阿尼(ni)庫和華蓋,流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)38~63公(gong)里(li),在貢(gong)去乎匯(hui)入洮河(he)(he)(he)(he),年徑流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)約(yue)3.5億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)),占全流(liu)(liu)域(yu)自(zi)產(chan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)51.5億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的13.6%,占甘肅省黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)自(zi)產(chan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)129億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的0.6%。地下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)年總徑流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)5.53億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi),占本省黃(huang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)地下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)74.0億(yi)立(li)(li)方(fang)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)的7.19%。不(bu)但水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)豐(feng)富,而(er)且水(shui)(shui)(shui)質優良。
總之(zhi),尕海(hai)(hai)——則(ze)岔自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護(hu)(hu)區水源豐富,河流縱橫,泉溪(xi)鑲(xiang)嵌(qian),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)黃河水的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要補給源區,甘肅中東部地區生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態用水的(de)(de)(de)(de)命(ming)(ming)脈之(zhi)一(yi);定西人民稱(cheng)為救命(ming)(ming)工程、希望(wang)工程——引洮工工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)(ming)線之(zhi)一(yi)。物種豐富,特有(you)種類(lei)多,國(guo)家(jia)保護(hu)(hu)物種分布集中,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物群落典型(xing)特有(you),保存完整,這(zhe)(zhe)在生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物多樣性保護(hu)(hu)方(fang)面具有(you)全球重要意義。林(lin)茂草豐,山(shan)花(hua)爛漫,鳥語花(hua)香(xiang),既有(you)層巒(luan)疊嶂,千(qian)山(shan)疊翠的(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)峰(feng),又有(you)碧綠(lv)如茵,一(yi)望(wang)無際的(de)(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)(ran)草原(yuan)(yuan)。波光(guang)粼粼的(de)(de)(de)(de)高原(yuan)(yuan)明(ming)珠(zhu)——尕海(hai)(hai)湖,像一(yi)塊(kuai)天然(ran)(ran)翡(fei)翠鑲(xiang)嵌(qian)其中,更是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)錦(jin)上添(tian)花(hua),如詩如畫,美不(bu)勝收(shou)。青山(shan)、藍(lan)天、碧水、白云(yun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境的(de)(de)(de)(de)真實寫照。尕海(hai)(hai)——則(ze)岔自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保護(hu)(hu)區是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農業可持續發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)研、教(jiao)學基地,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態文明(ming)建設的(de)(de)(de)(de)天然(ran)(ran)課堂,回歸大自(zi)然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)去處(chu),在這(zhe)(zhe)里(li)你會真正(zheng)領悟(wu)到大自(zi)然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寬廣和諧。
旅游資源(yuan)相當豐富(fu),得天獨(du)厚。東部石(shi)林奇景冠西北,南部郎木仙境美如畫,西南尕(ga)海碧湖(hu)更富(fu)麗(li),草原(yuan)美景讓人醉,藏(zang)族生活淳(chun)樸又(you)多彩,藏(zang)傳佛教文(wen)化更燦爛。
此(ci)(ci)景(jing)區距(ju)碌曲(qu)縣50km,面積200多(duo)km2,系三迭紀(ji)石(shi)灰(hui)巖經流(liu)(liu)水沿(yan)裂隙溶(rong)蝕(shi)而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)喀(ka)斯(si)特(te)地貌景(jing)觀。峰林(lin)、峰叢、溶(rong)洞(dong)等溶(rong)蝕(shi)地貌廣泛分布,以“野、秀、奇(qi)、險”著稱(cheng)。是(shi)西北罕(han)見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)典型(xing)石(shi)林(lin)景(jing)觀。景(jing)區山勢陡峭,峰巒疊嶂,林(lin)木參天(tian)(tian),流(liu)(liu)水潺潺、水流(liu)(liu)湍(tuan)急、清澈(che)可(ke)鑒(jian)、魚(yu)兒弄影,千姿百態的(de)(de)(de)怪石(shi)奇(qi)景(jing)從半(ban)山到谷(gu)底(di)隨(sui)處可(ke)見(jian),同(tong)時大(da)片的(de)(de)(de)云杉在懸崖(ya)峭壁石(shi)縫中,盤根錯節(jie),蒼(cang)勁挺拔,生長(chang)茂(mao)盛(sheng),更(geng)顯奇(qi)特(te)。主要(yao)景(jing)點有“青天(tian)(tian)一(yi)(yi)線、靈猿(yuan)望月(yue)、將軍峰”等數百個,栩栩如生,惟妙惟肖。不少景(jing)點還流(liu)(liu)傳著藏族英雄格薩爾王的(de)(de)(de)神奇(qi)故事(shi)。此(ci)(ci)處蘊(yun)藏著豐富的(de)(de)(de)民族歷史遺產(chan),是(shi)藏族人(ren)民燦爛文化的(de)(de)(de)發源地之一(yi)(yi),是(shi)唐蕃會(hui)盟(meng)之地,也是(shi)蒙元殘部同(tong)明軍會(hui)戰的(de)(de)(de)古(gu)戰場之一(yi)(yi)。可(ke)以說自然(ran)(ran)景(jing)觀和神話(hua)傳說交相輝映。這里(li)生態環境(jing)原始(shi)自然(ran)(ran),沒有絲(si)毫(hao)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)為雕琢的(de)(de)(de)痕跡,你會(hui)真正(zheng)領略到大(da)自然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)和諧(xie)完美,體(ti)驗到回歸自然(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)完美感覺(jue)。
保護(hu)區內約20萬公(gong)頃(qing)的(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)然草(cao)(cao)場(chang)是中國典型的(de)(de)高(gao)原天(tian)(tian)然灌叢(cong)草(cao)(cao)原和草(cao)(cao)甸草(cao)(cao)原。徜徉其間,若大個草(cao)(cao)場(chang)幽深而(er)秀麗(li),寧靜(jing)而(er)安詳,寬闊(kuo)而(er)雄渾,如一塊未曾(ceng)雕琢的(de)(de)翡翠(cui),像天(tian)(tian)公(gong)傾潑下來的(de)(de)濃(nong)墨,融匯成碧綠的(de)(de)波濤,直(zhi)向高(gao)高(gao)的(de)(de)天(tian)(tian)空奔運而(er)去。草(cao)(cao)原上(shang)生長著各種(zhong)植物,長短相間,高(gao)矮交錯(cuo),一簇(cu)連一簇(cu),一叢(cong)挨一叢(cong),把地表蓋得(de)嚴嚴實實。那(nei)(nei)些紅(hong)彤(tong)彤(tong)、粉(fen)嘟嘟、黃澄(cheng)澄(cheng)、紫(zi)英(ying)英(ying)、白(bai)晶(jing)晶(jing)、藍滲(shen)滲(shen)的(de)(de)嬌艷野花,盛開在(zai)這(zhe)“百(bai)里草(cao)(cao)原”的(de)(de)萬綠叢(cong)中,像織不完的(de)(de)錦那(nei)(nei)么綿延,像飄(piao)落(luo)的(de)(de)彩霞那(nei)(nei)么絢爛,像在(zai)綠色緞面上(shang)的(de)(de)彩色圖案(an)那(nei)(nei)么美麗(li)。彩蝶飛舞,蜜蜂奔忙,昆(kun)蟲(chong)吟唱,鮮花飄(piao)香,溪水淙淙,清風(feng)徐徐、白(bai)云朵(duo)朵(duo),藍天(tian)(tian)朗朗,將草(cao)(cao)原裝扮得(de)格(ge)外(wai)妖嬈,使人仿佛置身于人間仙境,忘掉(diao)了世俗(su)的(de)(de)許多紛擾和憂愁,只覺(jue)得(de)生命的(de)(de)壯美和可愛;黑(hei)白(bai)相間的(de)(de)牛(niu)羊、蘑(mo)菇似的(de)(de)帳篷隨處可見,奶茶飄(piao)香,羊肉肥美更是你(ni)的(de)(de)向往。
保護區(qu)內禽(qin)鳥集中的(de)大(da)面(mian)積(ji)尕海濕(shi)地(di)(di),一望(wang)無際,蒼蒼茫(mang)茫(mang),浩(hao)浩(hao)蕩(dang)(dang)蕩(dang)(dang),像(xiang)綠色(se)的(de)海洋,微風(feng)輕拂(fu),碧(bi)波蕩(dang)(dang)漾,蔚為(wei)壯(zhuang)觀,美(mei)麗的(de)蘑菇圈一圈接(jie)一圈,沼澤(ze)地(di)(di)里群蛙鼓噪;尕海湖中魚(yu)兒弄影,鶴鷺共舞,雁鴨和鳴,天鵝(e)歡唱。山(shan)花爛漫,水草豐美(mei),天藍(lan)、水碧(bi)、天水相連(lian),陽光、溪流、湖泊、鳥禽(qin)、青山(shan)、群群牛羊(yang)構成(cheng)(cheng)一幅空氣清新、景(jing)觀迷人(ren)的(de)壯(zhuang)麗畫(hua)面(mian),如詩(shi)如畫(hua),更給保護區(qu)增添了無窮(qiong)的(de)魅力。每(mei)年春秋(qiu),不同種類、不同顏色(se)、大(da)小不一、叫(jiao)聲不同的(de)鷹、雁、鵝(e)、雕、鷗、隼、鷗、鴨等珍貴(gui)、稀(xi)有(you)、瀕(bin)危的(de)候鳥、留鳥在尕海濕(shi)地(di)(di)結(jie)集成(cheng)(cheng)成(cheng)(cheng)千上萬(wan)的(de)群體,總數以萬(wan)計(ji),飛(fei)上翻下,起伏(fu)此彼,如飛(fei)花、似落葉,密(mi)密(mi)層(ceng)層(ceng),鋪天蓋地(di)(di),悠揚高亢的(de)鳴叫(jiao)聲,悅耳動聽,讓人(ren)大(da)飽耳福。
則(ze)(ze)岔溝溝口海拔2900m,高處(華(hua)蓋山)海拔4300m,高差(cha)1400m。沿(yan)則(ze)(ze)岔西(xi)溝熱吾曲(qu)(熱吾曲(qu)河水蜿(wan)蜒形成(cheng)十(shi)八道(dao)河曲(qu),故當(dang)地(di)群(qun)眾稱謂十(shi)八道(dao)彎)逆流(liu)而上(shang),谷底(di)云(yun)杉(shan)、柳樹(shu)、柏木(mu)(mu)(mu)等(deng)生長茂密,樹(shu)種(zhong)組成(cheng)復雜,森(sen)林(lin)(lin)遮(zhe)天蔽日,大(da)樹(shu)參天,再向上(shang)行(xing),紫果(guo)云(yun)杉(shan)、冷(leng)杉(shan)混交(jiao)林(lin)(lin)出(chu)現,林(lin)(lin)相整齊(qi),林(lin)(lin)下(xia)天然更新(xin)良好,郁郁蔥蔥,樹(shu)種(zhong)單純(chun),地(di)被物(wu)(wu)苔鮮和苔草很發達,繼續前行(xing)就(jiu)(jiu)會出(chu)現中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)特有(you),國(guo)內罕見的紫果(guo)云(yun)杉(shan)純(chun)林(lin)(lin),下(xia)木(mu)(mu)(mu)為金背杜(du)鵑、頭花(hua)杜(du)鵑等(deng),它能讓(rang)青城山含羞,只有(you)熱曲(qu)峽谷才是天下(xia)之幽(you)。國(guo)家重點保(bao)護動(dong)物(wu)(wu)藍(lan)馬雞、斑尾榛雞、麝(she)、蘇(su)門羚、血雉等(deng)幾十(shi)種(zhong)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)在這(zhe)里出(chu)沒。初(chu)夏百花(hua)爭(zheng)艷(yan),色艷(yan)氣香(xiang),多姿多彩。林(lin)(lin)緣以(yi)外是寒(han)溫性灌木(mu)(mu)(mu)林(lin)(lin)和亞高山灌叢草甸等(deng)植物(wu)(wu)群(qun)落(luo),主(zhu)要樹(shu)種(zhong)有(you)千里香(xiang)杜(du)鵑、狹(xia)窄(zhai)鮮卑花(hua)等(deng)灌木(mu)(mu)(mu),再上(shang)就(jiu)(jiu)是草甸草原,在這(zhe)時能看(kan)到集中(zhong)(zhong)動(dong)植物(wu)(wu)于(yu)一(yi)身的冬蟲(chong)夏草、水母雪(xue)蓮(lian)等(deng)名貴(gui)中(zhong)(zhong)藥,如(ru)你有(you)幸(xing)還能看(kan)見巖羊、青鼬、石貂、藏(zang)雪(xue)雞、雪(xue)鶉、盤羊、兔猻、雪(xue)豹等(deng)珍貴(gui)野生動(dong)物(wu)(wu)。秋季全景(jing)(jing)區(qu)萬(wan)紫千紅(hong),層林(lin)(lin)盡染,野果(guo)飄(piao)香(xiang),景(jing)(jing)色迷人,美麗如(ru)畫,讓(rang)人向往(wang)。
青藏高原特(te)有(you)鳥類黑(hei)頸鶴(he)(he),當地居(ju)民視為“神鳥”,稱為“格薩(sa)爾達字”,它(ta)(ta)具有(you)優雅(ya)(ya)柔和(he)的曲(qu)線(xian),是吉祥、長壽、高雅(ya)(ya)、華貴的象(xiang)征(zheng),遠(yuan)遠(yuan)望去,漆黑(hei)的羽毛從(cong)頭部一(yi)直披到細長的脖(bo)頸,形成了它(ta)(ta)特(te)有(you)的標志——黑(hei)頸,鶴(he)(he)也因此(ci)而得名。黑(hei)頸鶴(he)(he)活動始終成雙(shuang)(shuang)成對,溫情脈(mo)脈(mo),雙(shuang)(shuang)雙(shuang)(shuang)歡歌(ge)起舞,給人一(yi)種(zhong)美好、祥和(he)、甜蜜的感覺。它(ta)(ta)那(nei)嬌(jiao)姿(zi)神態優美,令人贊(zan)嘆(tan)不已(yi)。
絹蝶(die)是(shi)我國蝶(die)類各科中(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)珍(zhen)貴的種類。絹蝶(die)翅形渾圓(yuan)、鱗(lin)片(pian)稀疏,翅膜(mo)無(wu)色(se)半透明,狀似絲絹,而得名,翅面(mian)常有黑色(se)、紅色(se)和藍色(se)斑紋或斑點,體態淡雅而華貴,耐(nai)寒性(xing)能極強。西(xi)傾山(shan)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國主要(yao)絹蝶(die)產區之一,到尕海(hai)你可欣賞到這一美麗奇特的蝶(die)類。
距綠曲(qu)縣城(cheng)80多公里,是(shi)甘(gan)(gan)、川兩省的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)界,此(ci)(ci)地有一(yi)石洞,洞內(nei)有一(yi)酷(ku)似(si)美(mei)女(nv)的(de)(de)(de)巖石,藏語為“郎木(mu)(mu)”,郎木(mu)(mu)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)由(you)此(ci)(ci)而名。郎木(mu)(mu)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)四山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)環抱(bao),松柏(bo)相(xiang)映,青山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)峻秀,林茂水(shui)碧,景色秀麗。郎木(mu)(mu)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)寺(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)是(shi)一(yi)座(zuo)藏傳(chuan)佛(fo)教格魯(lu)派著(zhu)名寺(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan),依山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)傍水(shui)建成,寺(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)經(jing)殿與僧舍相(xiang)連,沿山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)拾級而上,層層疊(die)疊(die),規模宏大(da)(da),建筑(zhu)雄偉,雕梁畫(hua)柱(zhu),金碧輝煌(huang)。四川格爾底寺(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)群落與甘(gan)(gan)肅賽赤寺(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)群落,隔江相(xiang)望,法鼓相(xiang)鳴,螺音(yin)相(xiang)映。寺(si)(si)(si)(si)院(yuan)也是(shi)一(yi)個巨大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)藝術博(bo)物館,由(you)金、銀、珊(shan)瑚、拉白等各種珍(zhen)寶精心裝飾,且(qie)歷史悠久(jiu)、造型(xing)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)佛(fo)像(xiang)達400多尊,其(qi)(qi)中大(da)(da)者有二層樓高(gao);以金汁寫成的(de)(de)(de)《甘(gan)(gan)珠爾》經(jing)卷及(ji)其(qi)(qi)它多部佛(fo)教經(jing)曲(qu)和大(da)(da)量的(de)(de)(de)唐卡、堆(dui)秀、壁(bi)畫(hua)等藝術品頗具觀(guan)賞價值和學術研(yan)究價值。
藏(zang)族民居獨樹一幟,以郎木寺沓(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)房(fang)(fang)和(he)籬笆(ba)屋(wu)具特色(se)。沓(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)房(fang)(fang)因(yin)屋(wu)頂用木板(ban)(ban)疊制而得(de)名,籬笆(ba)屋(wu)則是沓(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)房(fang)(fang)中較特殊的一種,用木條編織的籬笆(ba)罩在沓(ta)(ta)板(ban)(ban)房(fang)(fang)周圍而成。房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)依地(di)勢而建,高(gao)低錯落有致(zhi),同周圍的環境(jing)互相融(rong)合。它古樸美觀,極富地(di)方(fang)民族特色(se),頗(po)有觀賞價(jia)值。
藏族人民熱情(qing)好客,淳樸豪放,生(sheng)活(huo)習俗、節(jie)會活(huo)動豐(feng)(feng)富多彩。香浪節(jie)、插箭節(jie)、法會別具一格,各有特(te)點;鍋莊(zhuang)舞(wu)歡快而富有節(jie)奏;藏族婚俗歡心(xin)淳樸,情(qing)趣(qu)盎(ang)然;飲食風味獨特(te),蕨麻板、酸奶、酥油茶(cha)等(deng)營(ying)養豐(feng)(feng)富。