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歷史沿革

2001年(nian)成立友好(hao)自然保護區；

2004年被國(guo)家林業局批(pi)準為省（部）級自然保護區；

2006年(nian)被省政府批準(zhun)為(wei)省級(ji)自然保護區(qu)；

2012年晉升為國家級自然保護(hu)區。

2018年2月11日被列入國際重要(yao)濕地。

地理環境

地理位置

黑龍江友好自然保(bao)護(hu)區地(di)處小(xiao)興安嶺(ling)山脈中段，橫跨小(xiao)興安嶺(ling)主脈的南北兩坡，地(di)理坐(zuo)標為東經128°10′15″—128°33′25″，北緯48°13′07″—48°33′15″。

氣候

黑龍江(jiang)友好國家級自然保護(hu)區屬(shu)北(bei)溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)大陸性濕潤(run)季風氣(qi)候區，年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)在0.4℃左右，夏季平(ping)均溫(wen)(wen)度為20℃至22℃，且晝夜溫(wen)(wen)差較大，有6個月的冰封期。

水文

黑龍江友好自(zi)然保護區區域河流充沛，擁(yong)有流域面積廣闊的(de)友好河水系。

自然資源

植物資源

黑龍(long)江友好(hao)國家級自(zi)然保護(hu)(hu)區共有高等植(zhi)物836種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其(qi)中包(bao)括1亞種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，23變種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，3變型(xing)。其(qi)中苔蘚植(zhi)物56科(ke)，100屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，183種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)保護(hu)(hu)區總(zong)科(ke)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)35.22%，占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)24.15%，占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)21.89%；蕨類植(zhi)物41種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于14科(ke)，26屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，分別占(zhan)(zhan)保護(hu)(hu)區總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)4.90%；占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)科(ke)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)8.81%；占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)6.28%；種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)植(zhi)物（裸子(zi)和(he)被子(zi)植(zhi)物）612種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)73.21%，隸屬(shu)(shu)(shu)于89科(ke)，288屬(shu)(shu)(shu)，分別占(zhan)(zhan)保護(hu)(hu)區科(ke)、屬(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)55.97%，69.57%。

動物資源

黑(hei)龍江友好自然保護區動物區系屬古(gu)北(bei)界(jie)、東(dong)北(bei)亞(ya)(ya)界(jie)、東(dong)北(bei)區、長白(bai)山亞(ya)(ya)區小興安嶺(ling)山地(di)(di)省，野(ye)生動物區系介于大興安嶺(ling)和長白(bai)山地(di)(di)之(zhi)間(jian)，其東(dong)部為(wei)三(san)江平原，西部為(wei)松嫩平原。因此，野(ye)生動物區系組成比較豐富。

黑龍江友好(hao)國(guo)家級(ji)自然保護(hu)(hu)區內(nei)現存(cun)的(de)脊椎動物(wu)共有330種(zhong)，其中魚類有5目(mu)11科(ke)43種(zhong)；兩棲類有2目(mu)4科(ke)8種(zhong)；爬(pa)行類共有3目(mu)4科(ke)11種(zhong)；鳥類17目(mu)44科(ke)221種(zhong)；獸類6目(mu)l6科(ke)47種(zhong),國(guo)家Ⅰ級(ji)保護(hu)(hu)動物(wu)6種(zhong)，國(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)保護(hu)(hu)動物(wu)36種(zhong)。此外，還有昆蟲動物(wu)12目(mu)95科(ke)370種(zhong)。

1、魚類

黑龍江友好國家級自(zi)然保護(hu)區(qu)共(gong)有魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)5目11科(ke)(ke)43種(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)黑龍江省魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)105種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)41.0%，占(zhan)(zhan)小興安(an)嶺魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)71種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)63.3%，其(qi)中(zhong)鯉(li)科(ke)(ke)（Cyprinidae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)多(duo)，為27種(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)保護(hu)區(qu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)62.8%；其(qi)次是鰍科(ke)(ke)（Cobitidae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)，有4種(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)保護(hu)區(qu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)9.3%，鮭科(ke)(ke)（Salmonidae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)3種(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)7.0%；鯰科(ke)(ke)（Siluridae）魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)2種(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)保護(hu)區(qu)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)類(lei)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)4.7%；茴(hui)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)（Thymallidae）、胡(hu)瓜魚(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)（Osmeridae）、狗(gou)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)科(ke)(ke)（Esocidae）、塘鱧科(ke)(ke)（Eleotridae）、鲿科(ke)(ke)（Bagridae）、鮨(qi)科(ke)(ke)（Serranidae）、鱈科(ke)(ke)（Gadidae）各(ge)1種(zhong)(zhong)，分別(bie)占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)(zong)數(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)2.3%。

2、兩棲類及爬行類

黑龍江友(you)好國家(jia)級自然保護區內兩棲動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)共有(you)9種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)于2目(mu)5科(ke)，占黑龍江省(sheng)兩棲動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的75.0%；爬行動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，隸(li)屬(shu)(shu)于3目(mu)4科(ke)，占黑龍江省(sheng)爬行動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數的62.5%。

保護區內兩棲(qi)類有尾(wei)目中(zhong)以極(ji)北(bei)(bei)鯢（Salamandrella keyserlingii）較常見(jian)，東(dong)北(bei)(bei)小鯢（Hynobius leechii）偶爾可見(jian)。極(ji)北(bei)(bei)鯢每年春夏季在山(shan)溪及(ji)其附近的(de)沼澤中(zhong)常可見(jian)到實體和(he)卵(luan)袋；無尾(wei)目中(zhong)常見(jian)的(de)是黑龍江林(lin)蛙(wa)(wa)（Rana amurensis）、中(zhong)國林(lin)蛙(wa)(wa)（Rana chensinensis）、東(dong)北(bei)(bei)雨蛙(wa)(wa)（Hyla arborea）、中(zhong)華蟾蜍(chu)（Bufo gargarizans）和(he)花(hua)背蟾蜍(chu)（Bufo raddei）。夏季常見(jian)的(de)優勢種(zhong)是東(dong)北(bei)(bei)雨蛙(wa)(wa)，在濕地中(zhong)有相當大的(de)數量。黑斑蛙(wa)(wa)（Rana nigromaculata）在這里是偶見(jian)種(zhong)。

保護區內爬行類龜鱉(bie)目中的(de)(de)(de)鱉(bie)（Trionyx sinensis）偶(ou)爾(er)可(ke)見(jian)，數(shu)量(liang)極(ji)少(shao)。蜥蜴目中的(de)(de)(de)胎生蜥蜴（Lacertavivipara）是(shi)這(zhe)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)常見(jian)種(zhong)，常活動于(yu)林緣(yuan)、路旁(pang)、倒(dao)木(mu)下，其卵胎生的(de)(de)(de)繁殖方式是(shi)適應這(zhe)里(li)極(ji)為寒冷、無霜期短的(de)(de)(de)氣候的(de)(de)(de)很好(hao)方式。黑龍江草蜥（Takydromusamurensis）為常見(jian)種(zhong)。這(zhe)里(li)較(jiao)為常見(jian)的(de)(de)(de)蛇(she)(she)類是(shi)白條錦蛇(she)(she)（Elaphe dione）和烏(wu)蘇里(li)蝮（Gloydius ussuriensis），它們分布(bu)(bu)較(jiao)廣，大多數(shu)山地均可(ke)見(jian)到。體形較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)棕(zong)黑錦蛇(she)(she)（E.schrenckii）在這(zhe)里(li)是(shi)偶(ou)見(jian)種(zhong)。紅點錦蛇(she)(she)（E.rufodorsata）、巖棲蝮（Gloydius saxaticis）和虎斑頸槽蛇(she)(she)（Rhabdophis tigrinus）分布(bu)(bu)于(yu)河流附(fu)近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)濕地和石山上(shang)，數(shu)量(liang)稀少(shao)。

3、鳥類

黑(hei)龍江友(you)好自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)生境類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)型多樣，決定了該(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)資源的(de)(de)(de)多樣性。經(jing)調查及文(wen)獻統(tong)計，保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內共(gong)有鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)17目(mu)(mu)44科221種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)黑(hei)龍江省(sheng)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)60.4%，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)小興安嶺鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)85.30%，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)目(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)分(fen)布有24科113種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)51.1%，雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)目(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)分(fen)布有20科108種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)48.9%。據統(tong)計保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)內夏(xia)(xia)候(hou)(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)多達134種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)60.63%，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)目(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)68種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)夏(xia)(xia)候(hou)(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)50.7%，在雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)目(mu)(mu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)夏(xia)(xia)候(hou)(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)有66種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)夏(xia)(xia)候(hou)(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)49.3%。冬候(hou)(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（W）種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)很少(shao)，僅(jin)分(fen)布有15種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)6.79%，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)目(mu)(mu)僅(jin)有3種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)該(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)冬候(hou)(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)20.0%，雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)目(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)12種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)該(gai)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)冬候(hou)(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)80.0%。保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)共(gong)有留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（R）34種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)15.38%，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)目(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)14種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)41.2%，雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)目(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)有20種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)留(liu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)58.8%。該(gai)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)旅(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（P）共(gong)計38種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)17.20%，其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)非(fei)雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)目(mu)(mu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)28種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)旅(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)73.7%，雀(que)(que)(que)形(xing)目(mu)(mu)旅(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)10種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)全區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)旅(lv)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)26.3%。從鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)系成分(fen)居(ju)留(liu)型來(lai)看，夏(xia)(xia)候(hou)(hou)(hou)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)（S）無論是(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)還是(shi)數(shu)(shu)量均占(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)鳥(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)(niao)類(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)的(de)(de)(de)相當大比例。

保護對象

(1)沼澤(ze)濕地(di)生態系統。

(2)以(yi)原麝、紫(zi)貂、東方白鸛、金雕、丹頂(ding)鶴以(yi)及紅松、鉆天柳(liu)、黃檗、紫(zi)椴(duan)等(deng)為(wei)代表的珍稀野生動植物資源及其棲息地。

沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)是(shi)友好(hao)自然保(bao)護(hu)區的主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)護(hu)對象，因此有(you)必(bi)要(yao)(yao)對保(bao)護(hu)區內的沼(zhao)澤(ze)濕(shi)地(di)(di)植被(bei)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)及特(te)征加以重點論述。由于(yu)(yu)保(bao)護(hu)區內地(di)(di)勢平緩，河谷平坦寬闊，河曲(qu)發達(da)，牛軛湖(hu)眾多(duo)(duo)(duo)，加上(shang)氣(qi)候冷(leng)濕(shi)，島狀凍(dong)土分布普遍，從而形(xing)成了大面(mian)積的沼(zhao)澤(ze)植被(bei)，且類(lei)(lei)型(xing)繁多(duo)(duo)(duo)。主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)包括(kuo)森林沼(zhao)澤(ze)、灌叢沼(zhao)澤(ze)、草(cao)(cao)本沼(zhao)澤(ze)等(deng)植被(bei)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)。尤其是(shi)森林沼(zhao)澤(ze)面(mian)積大，類(lei)(lei)型(xing)多(duo)(duo)(duo)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)有(you)興安(an)(an)落(luo)(luo)葉(xie)(xie)松－油樺－苔(tai)草(cao)(cao)群落(luo)(luo)和興安(an)(an)落(luo)(luo)葉(xie)(xie)松－窄葉(xie)(xie)杜香－中位泥(ni)炭蘚群落(luo)(luo)及白樺沼(zhao)澤(ze)等(deng)。灌叢沼(zhao)澤(ze)植被(bei)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)油樺－修氏苔(tai)草(cao)(cao)群落(luo)(luo)、油樺－篤斯越桔－蘚類(lei)(lei)群落(luo)(luo)等(deng)，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)分布于(yu)(yu)河灘和階地(di)(di)上(shang)。草(cao)(cao)本沼(zhao)澤(ze)中以苔(tai)草(cao)(cao)類(lei)(lei)型(xing)較多(duo)(duo)(duo)，有(you)草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)形(xing)成的灰脈苔(tai)草(cao)(cao)－修氏苔(tai)草(cao)(cao)群落(luo)(luo)、湖(hu)泊沼(zhao)澤(ze)化形(xing)成的毛果(guo)苔(tai)草(cao)(cao)－泥(ni)炭蘚群落(luo)(luo)等(deng)。

沼澤

根據組(zu)成建群(qun)種(zhong)的不同，可劃(hua)分3個植被亞型，即(ji)：草(cao)本沼澤、灌叢沼澤和森林沼澤。

草本沼澤

草(cao)(cao)本沼澤(ze)從(cong)發(fa)生(sheng)上，大多(duo)由(you)草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)沼澤(ze)化而成，多(duo)發(fa)生(sheng)在河漫灘的(de)洼地(di)，由(you)于(yu)地(di)勢低洼、地(di)下(xia)水(shui)位高，特(te)別(bie)是受河水(shui)泛濫(lan)的(de)影響(xiang)，造成了草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)過分(fen)(fen)(fen)濕潤或水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)滯聚(ju)，土壤的(de)孔隙(xi)被水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)充填，微生(sheng)物活動減(jian)(jian)弱，因而植(zhi)(zhi)物殘體中(zhong)的(de)營養(yang)元素不能礦化。這樣在水(shui)分(fen)(fen)(fen)增(zeng)加(jia)，養(yang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)的(de)情況下(xia)，為植(zhi)(zhi)物的(de)自然演替創造了有利條件(jian)，使一些(xie)根狀莖草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)植(zhi)(zhi)物逐漸(jian)減(jian)(jian)少(shao)，而要求養(yang)分(fen)(fen)(fen)較少(shao)，喜濕的(de)密叢型(xing)沼澤(ze)植(zhi)(zhi)物逐漸(jian)增(zeng)多(duo)。根據組成、結構與分(fen)(fen)(fen)布規律，本植(zhi)(zhi)被亞(ya)型(xing)只有3個群(qun)系組（泥炭蘚沼澤(ze)、草(cao)(cao)甸(dian)沼澤(ze)、莎草(cao)(cao)沼澤(ze)）。

灌叢沼澤

灌(guan)叢沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)系(xi)指在(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)表過(guo)濕(shi)或(huo)積(ji)水(shui)(shui)的(de)地(di)(di)段上，以喜濕(shi)的(de)灌(guan)木(mu)為(wei)(wei)主所組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)植物群(qun)落(luo)。在(zai)(zai)保(bao)護區內，分布地(di)(di)域較廣，面(mian)積(ji)也較大，多發(fa)生(sheng)平坦溝谷和(he)河漫(man)灘這些地(di)(di)段，地(di)(di)勢(shi)低洼，平坦，地(di)(di)下水(shui)(shui)位(wei)高(gao)，水(shui)(shui)分容(rong)易集聚的(de)地(di)(di)方，由于(yu)土(tu)質(zhi)粘(zhan)重，又(you)有永凍(dong)層形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)隔水(shui)(shui)板(ban)，造成(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)表過(guo)濕(shi)或(huo)積(ji)水(shui)(shui)，引起沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)植物不(bu)斷侵(qin)入。首(shou)先侵(qin)入的(de)是(shi)喜濕(shi)的(de)密叢苔(tai)草和(he)淺根系(xi)的(de)柴樺（Betula fruticosa），隨(sui)后是(shi)提(ti)燈蘚(xian)（Mnium cuspidatum）等蘚(xian)類(lei)，這些植物侵(qin)入后，死(si)亡的(de)植物殘(can)體在(zai)(zai)土(tu)壤嫌氣條件下，逐漸(jian)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)泥炭，營(ying)養貧乏，樹木(mu)開始生(sheng)長不(bu)良(liang)，并逐漸(jian)遞(di)減，森林演(yan)變(bian)為(wei)(wei)沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)現有的(de)各(ge)類(lei)灌(guan)叢沼(zhao)澤(ze)(ze)。

森林沼澤

森林沼澤(ze)從(cong)外貌(mao)上(shang)(shang)具有森林的(de)特征，是以喬木組(zu)成(cheng)上(shang)(shang)層林冠(guan)，并生(sheng)長在地(di)表(biao)過(guo)濕(shi)或積水的(de)地(di)段上(shang)(shang)，以濕(shi)生(sheng)植物、沼生(sheng)植物為(wei)主(zhu)所組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)森林沼澤(ze)植物群落(luo)(luo)。該沼澤(ze)植被是由耐冷濕(shi)條件的(de)針葉(xie)樹(shu)種(zhong)――云冷杉(shan)、興安落(luo)(luo)葉(xie)松和(he)落(luo)(luo)葉(xie)闊葉(xie)喬木樹(shu)種(zhong)白樺和(he)毛赤(chi)楊（Alnus sibirica）為(wei)建群種(zhong)，伴生(sheng)著濕(shi)生(sheng)和(he)中濕(shi)生(sheng)灌(guan)木和(he)草本(ben)植物組(zu)成(cheng)的(de)垮帶隱域性森林植被。

價值地位

保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)是(shi)以保(bao)護(hu)(hu)珍稀(xi)野生生物(wu)資源及其(qi)生境和森(sen)林(lin)沼澤生態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)為宗旨，集資源保(bao)護(hu)(hu)、科學(xue)(xue)(xue)研究和生態(tai)(tai)旅(lv)游于一體的(de)自然保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)。主(zhu)要保(bao)護(hu)(hu)對象為東(dong)北林(lin)區(qu)(qu)森(sen)林(lin)沼澤生態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)和珍稀(xi)野生動(dong)植物(wu)資源及其(qi)棲息地。豐富(fu)的(de)生物(wu)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性和生態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)多(duo)(duo)樣(yang)性顯示(shi)了(le)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)巨大的(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)價值(zhi)和科學(xue)(xue)(xue)研究價值(zhi)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)內森(sen)林(lin)茂密，河(he)流縱橫(heng)，濕地面(mian)積廣闊，生態(tai)(tai)系統(tong)保(bao)存完(wan)好(hao)。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)在提高水(shui)源涵養、控(kong)制(zhi)水(shui)土流失(shi)、防止干(gan)旱(han)和洪澇災害、調節氣候等方(fang)面(mian)具有非常(chang)重要的(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)意(yi)義和科學(xue)(xue)(xue)價值(zhi)。