歷史
大(da)(da)茂(mao)(mao)山(shan)古稱恒山(shan),其(qi)歷史(shi)可上溯到傳說中(zhong)的(de)三皇五(wu)帝時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi),據《史(shi)記·封禪書》記載,舜曾(ceng)經(jing)到恒山(shan)祭(ji)(ji)祀。漢(han)文帝時(shi)(shi)(shi),因避諱緣故,恒山(shan)曾(ceng)改(gai)名為常山(shan)。漢(han)武(wu)帝時(shi)(shi)(shi),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)河北(bei)(bei)曲(qu)(qu)陽(yang)設(she)立北(bei)(bei)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)祠祭(ji)(ji)祀。漢(han)宣帝神(shen)爵元年(前61年),詔(zhao)封五(wu)岳(yue)(yue)(yue),其(qi)中(zhong)以恒山(shan)為北(bei)(bei)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)。北(bei)(bei)魏宣武(wu)帝時(shi)(shi)(shi),始在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)茂(mao)(mao)山(shan)之(zhi)南(nan)的(de)曲(qu)(qu)陽(yang)縣城建(jian)北(bei)(bei)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao),之(zhi)后歷代多在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)遙祭(ji)(ji)北(bei)(bei)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)。北(bei)(bei)宋時(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi),大(da)(da)茂(mao)(mao)山(shan)一帶(dai)曾(ceng)為宋遼邊(bian)境。1193年,析曲(qu)(qu)陽(yang)縣北(bei)(bei)部以及(ji)其(qi)他縣地置阜平(ping)縣,自此大(da)(da)茂(mao)(mao)山(shan)不再隸屬曲(qu)(qu)陽(yang)縣,但北(bei)(bei)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)廟(miao)仍位于曲(qu)(qu)陽(yang)縣城。明(ming)代中(zhong)后期(qi),出現北(bei)(bei)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)河北(bei)(bei)曲(qu)(qu)陽(yang)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)山(shan)西渾源的(de)爭論,但是(shi)(shi)當時(shi)(shi)(shi)仍將恒山(shan)定在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)河北(bei)(bei)曲(qu)(qu)陽(yang)。直到清(qing)順治十七(qi)年(1660年)七(qi)月,北(bei)(bei)岳(yue)(yue)(yue)改(gai)為山(shan)西渾源境內的(de)恒山(shan)。
景點簡介
大茂(mao)山(shan)(shan)森林(lin)(lin)公園地處河北(bei)省(sheng)唐(tang)縣(xian)西北(bei)75公里處,被譽為“華北(bei)碧珠”。大茂(mao)山(shan)(shan)又名神(shen)仙山(shan)(shan),古為北(bei)岳(yue)恒山(shan)(shan),巍(wei)巍(wei)太(tai)行的主峰之一,海(hai)(hai)拔1898米(mi),雄居于(yu)保定(ding)阜平、唐(tang)縣(xian)、淶源三(san)縣(xian)交界(jie)處。這里林(lin)(lin)濤(tao)云海(hai)(hai),翠峰聳立,樹密(mi)草(cao)豐(feng),響泉飛瀑。有(you)(you)南(nan)方山(shan)(shan)林(lin)(lin)的秀姿,有(you)(you)北(bei)方草(cao)原的野趣,有(you)(you)黃山(shan)(shan)云海(hai)(hai),有(you)(you)南(nan)岳(yue)云霧(wu),是(shi)一個(ge)入(ru)伏(fu)不見(jian)署的清涼世界(jie)。大茂(mao)山(shan)(shan)原始森林(lin)(lin)郁(yu)(yu)郁(yu)(yu)蔥(cong)蔥(cong),遮天蔽日,腳(jiao)下蜿蜒小路被橫(heng)生(sheng)的灌(guan)木擠得(de)模糊(hu)不清。越往上爬,山(shan)(shan)勢越險,山(shan)(shan)林(lin)(lin)越密(mi),腳(jiao)下云來如(ru)霧(wu),林(lin)(lin)海(hai)(hai)生(sheng)煙(yan)。兩萬多(duo)畝山(shan)(shan)林(lin)(lin)中,有(you)(you)油松、白樺、山(shan)(shan)榆、白楊、翠柏(bo)、山(shan)(shan)杏、核桃(tao)等多(duo)種林(lin)(lin)木。濃(nong)陰(yin)下,有(you)(you)人(ren)參(can)、靈芝等中草(cao)藥千余種,黃楊球、野山(shan)(shan)茶等千姿百態(tai)的野花點綴其(qi)間,狍(pao)子、黃羊、小山(shan)(shan)貓的身影(ying)忽(hu)隱(yin)忽(hu)現。
大茂(mao)山(shan)有數以百(bai)計的(de)(de)天然(ran)景觀。北溝山(shan)泉汩(gu)汩(gu),溪水瀑(pu)布隨(sui)處(chu)可見(jian)。南端有一眼(yan)黃龍洞(dong),洞(dong)中碧水常年(nian)不斷。頂峰南側有數百(bai)畝(mu)的(de)(de)開闊地,碧草如(ru)毯,是(shi)十(shi)足的(de)(de)草原(yuan)風光。如(ru)遇下雨,雨后在山(shan)頂遙(yao)看升騰的(de)(de)云霧,猶如(ru)軒身仙境。每逢冬(dong)春,山(shan)頂積雪數日不化,“恒(heng)山(shan)積雪”成為(wei)著名的(de)(de)唐縣(xian)古八景之一。除觀光外,因大茂(mao)山(shan)野生植物(wu)眾(zhong)多,還適(shi)宜野生植物(wu)考察。阜平境內一帶(dai),還有戰(zhan)爭年(nian)代(dai)八路軍活動的(de)(de)遺跡,流傳著許(xu)多鮮為(wei)人知的(de)(de)感人故(gu)事。
地理位置
大(da)茂山(shan)(shan)森林(lin)公(gong)(gong)園,是2005年12月(yue)被國家(jia)林(lin)業局批準設立(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)國家(jia)級森林(lin)公(gong)(gong)園,位于(yu)唐縣西(xi)北部,是通(tong)(tong)天(tian)河(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發源地,距縣城(cheng)75公(gong)(gong)里(li),距北京、天(tian)津、石(shi)家(jia)莊分別為250公(gong)(gong)里(li)、300公(gong)(gong)里(li)、150公(gong)(gong)里(li),公(gong)(gong)路直(zhi)通(tong)(tong)山(shan)(shan)腳(jiao)下(xia)。興(xing)建(jian)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)張高速在縣城(cheng)留有(you)(you)出口,大(da)茂山(shan)(shan)距保阜高速引(yin)線40公(gong)(gong)里(li),交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)便(bian)利,水、電(dian)、通(tong)(tong)訊條件良好。總面積1353.33公(gong)(gong)頃。這里(li)林(lin)濤云海,翠(cui)(cui)峰聳立(li)(li),樹(shu)密草(cao)(cao)豐(feng),響泉飛瀑,山(shan)(shan)頂草(cao)(cao)原環抱道觀,崖上(shang)(shang)溶洞秘藏林(lin)間,冬春(chun)積雪皚(ai)皚(ai),夏秋紫氣升騰,勝似(si)人間仙(xian)境。大(da)茂山(shan)(shan)海拔(ba)1898米,由(you)于(yu)山(shan)(shan)高林(lin)密,動(dong)植(zhi)物資源豐(feng)富(fu)。原始次生(sheng)林(lin)郁郁蔥(cong)蔥(cong),遮天(tian)蔽(bi)日(ri),森林(lin)覆蓋率達56.6%,山(shan)(shan)場上(shang)(shang)長(chang)滿(man)了(le)松、柏、楊、樺等樹(shu)木,特別是那萬畝翠(cui)(cui)綠的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)松,以(yi)它特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)挺拔(ba)剛健之姿,給人以(yi)生(sheng)生(sheng)不(bu)息(xi)、欣(xin)欣(xin)向(xiang)榮之感。南山(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang),有(you)(you)數(shu)百(bai)畝山(shan)(shan)桃,每當初(chu)春(chun),那串(chuan)串(chuan)粉紅(hong)色的(de)(de)(de)(de)花蕾(lei),在春(chun)風的(de)(de)(de)(de)撫摸下(xia),由(you)山(shan)(shan)下(xia)向(xiang)山(shan)(shan)上(shang)(shang)逐層開放(fang),花期(qi)持續20多天(tian)。從春(chun)到夏,漫山(shan)(shan)遍野的(de)(de)(de)(de)野花野草(cao)(cao),萬紫千紅(hong),競相斗(dou)艷,宛如(ru)一片花海。
在(zai)頂(ding)峰南(nan)側的(de)跑(pao)馬梁上(shang),有數百畝(mu)開闊地(di)。據傳,這(zhe)是楊六郎的(de)練兵場。每(mei)到溫熱季節,這(zhe)里綠(lv)草如茵,繁花似錦(jin),徜徉其間,仿佛(fo)到了塞(sai)外草原。草地(di)上(shang)搭建有五彩六色的(de)帳(zhang)篷,在(zai)這(zhe)里野宿,清晨(chen)可以(yi)觀日出。
風景介紹
大茂(mao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)乃唐河支(zhi)流通天河的(de)(de)發源(yuan)地,山(shan)(shan)(shan)內泉水(shui)汩(gu)汩(gu),流水(shui)潺(chan)潺(chan),高山(shan)(shan)(shan)瀑布飛流直(zhi)下(xia)(xia),霧氣蒸騰,十分壯觀。石人溝內的(de)(de)溪流,清澈(che)見底(di),成(cheng)群(qun)結隊的(de)(de)魚兒往來嬉游(you)(you),即可(ke)休(xiu)憩(qi)觀賞,又可(ke)持竿垂釣。“恒山(shan)(shan)(shan)積(ji)雪(xue)”為(wei)大茂(mao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)奇景(jing)之一。嚴冬時(shi)節,山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰多為(wei)積(ji)雪(xue)覆(fu)蓋,至五月(yue)份(fen)才融化。春季游(you)(you)覽,山(shan)(shan)(shan)頂白(bai)雪(xue)皚皚,山(shan)(shan)(shan)下(xia)(xia)流水(shui)淙(cong)淙(cong),山(shan)(shan)(shan)間山(shan)(shan)(shan)花爛(lan)漫(man)。此時(shi)的(de)(de)大茂(mao)山(shan)(shan)(shan),既(ji)展示著(zhu)嚴冬雪(xue)峰的(de)(de)晶(jing)瑩與(yu)(yu)肅穆(mu),又流淌著(zhu)春天的(de)(de)柔(rou)情與(yu)(yu)溫(wen)馨。置身其(qi)間,深感神受,是一種奇妙無比的(de)(de)享(xiang)受。由于歷(li)史上的(de)(de)種種原因,到(dao)清代順治十七年(公元1660年),祭祀北岳由曲陽北岳廟移(yi)至山(shan)(shan)(shan)西渾源(yuan),但是大茂(mao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)仍是這方生民心目中的(de)(de)北岳,到(dao)大茂(mao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)朝山(shan)(shan)(shan)進香者歷(li)來不絕(jue),如(ru)今這里更以其(qi)優美的(de)(de)自然景(jing)觀和相應的(de)(de)服務設施,吸引眾多的(de)(de)游(you)(you)客。
大茂山野(ye)生(sheng)植物(wu)眾多,一年(nian)四(si)季月(yue)月(yue)有花(hua)開,適宜游覽、休閑、避暑和(he)野(ye)生(sheng)植物(wu)考(kao)察。
四大特點
山勢高、雄渾偉奇
這(zhe)是華北(bei)平(ping)原北(bei)部與太(tai)行山交接處,距保定120公(gong)里范圍內最高的一座山。有民俗“神(shen)仙(xian)山40里,山頂有一米,一天滾一寸(cun),幾年滾到底(di)”之說,形容山勢之高。它陡峭(qiao)、巍峨、挺拔;最高處太(tai)乙峰1890米,上有奶奶廟(即三霄圣母廟),香(xiang)火(huo)不斷。橫亙的數百畝的開闊(kuo)地就叫(jiao)跑(pao)馬梁,顧名思(si)義,平(ping)坦開闊(kuo)。
自然景觀多,充滿神秘感
山(shan)中有(you)數(shu)不(bu)盡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)景觀(guan);尤(you)以石(shi)(shi)窟(ku)(ku)(ku)、溶洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)為最甚。南端四面(mian)(mian)懸(xuan)崖絕(jue)壁上有(you)無數(shu)神(shen)秘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)窟(ku)(ku)(ku),僅(jin)有(you)神(shen)話傳(chuan)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)有(you)黃龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、黑龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、無底(di)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、老君洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、白虎洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、野馬洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等。黃龍(long)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)內碧水(shui)常(chang)年不(bu)斷,盛夏冰涼刺骨(gu),洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)深無底(di),流出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)中伴有(you)菜(cai)葉、菜(cai)根等雜物(wu),不(bu)知源發何處。石(shi)(shi)窟(ku)(ku)(ku)最大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要數(shu)石(shi)(shi)城院村外山(shan)上石(shi)(shi)窟(ku)(ku)(ku)了,3丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)寬、1丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)、10丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)深。最大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)老君洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)可(ke)容納(na)200多人(ren),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這些(xie)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)窟(ku)(ku)(ku)中,抗日(ri)戰爭時(shi)期曾作過兵工廠(chang),住過八(ba)路(lu)軍三(san)個(ge)團,三(san)個(ge)干休(所)院。此(ci)(ci)外,小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道觀(guan)遺跡,在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)陽面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)褶(zhe)皺(zhou)處隨(sui)(sui)處可(ke)見(jian)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)狹(xia)谷和(he)峭壁之上,橫空著古老的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)松(song)柏和(he)那飛流直下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)瀑布,特別是(shi)(shi)那萬(wan)丈(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)崖之上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)跑馬梁,更增加了山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豁達和(he)險遠(yuan)之后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)詳(xiang)。這數(shu)百畝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)山(shan)頂(ding)大(da)(da)草原相傳(chuan)是(shi)(shi)楊六郎馴馬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地方。此(ci)(ci)外,神(shen)仙(xian)(xian)山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)秘還在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)于博大(da)(da)變(bian)幻,讓人(ren)難(nan)識真面(mian)(mian)目。有(you)兩層意思:一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)說從山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)同方向(xiang)登山(shan),只能看(kan)(kan)到山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)側,就(jiu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般意義講,都市(shi)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)一(yi)(yi)(yi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)是(shi)(shi)登不(bu)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),所以大(da)(da)部分(fen)人(ren)很難(nan)站在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)山(shan)頂(ding)觀(guan)到整個(ge)山(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)目;二是(shi)(shi)說在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)不(bu)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)、時(shi)段內,大(da)(da)山(shan)時(shi)隱時(shi)現,變(bian)幻莫測。日(ri)出日(ri)落時(shi),隨(sui)(sui)著溫度變(bian)化,遠(yuan)看(kan)(kan)其貌,霧(wu)靄彌(mi)漫,紫(zi)氣籠罩;放(fang)射著仙(xian)(xian)氣靈(ling)光;陰天(tian)(tian)(tian)看(kan)(kan)其狀,是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)座黑黝(you)黝(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)黛青色(se)屏障,陰森恐(kong)怖(bu);最好看(kan)(kan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)雨過天(tian)(tian)(tian)晴,滿山(shan)如洗,殘陽如血(xue);在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)平時(shi)大(da)(da)部分(fen)時(shi)間(jian)里,神(shen)仙(xian)(xian)山(shan)頂(ding)部都被云霧(wu)包裹(guo)著,與天(tian)(tian)(tian)相連,威嚴而神(shen)秘。
多雨,氣候濕涼,空氣新鮮
大(da)茂山是東(dong)南暖濕氣流(liu)橫跨(kua)華北平原(yuan)通(tong)向西(xi)北山地的(de)(de)第一座屏(ping)障,由于海拔的(de)(de)抬高,暖濕氣流(liu)釋熱(re)而降雨,又由于西(xi)北部太行環繞,海拔2000米以上的(de)(de)大(da)山從淶源到(dao)阜(fu)平成(cheng)半環狀(zhuang)排(pai)列,形(xing)成(cheng)天(tian)(tian)然屏(ping)障,阻擋了冬(dong)季來自西(xi)北的(de)(de)寒流(liu),所以在山周圍(wei)形(xing)成(cheng)了一個夏天(tian)(tian)多雨濕涼,冬(dong)季出現逆溫,空氣流(liu)動滯遲(chi),溫度相對(dui)較高的(de)(de)特殊山地小氣侯。在山中憑空生云(yun),有云(yun)即雨,這(zhe)就是民間為(wei)什么將神仙山跑(pao)馬梁說成(cheng)是王母娘娘的(de)(de)后花(hua)(hua)園(yuan),一年(nian)72場澆花(hua)(hua)雨的(de)(de)真正(zheng)原(yuan)因。這(zhe)里的(de)(de)空氣是被霧靄過(guo)濾過(guo)的(de)(de),清新、濕潤、沒(mei)有塵埃。
鳥語花香,生物繁多
神仙山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)側是(shi)(shi)唐縣林(lin)場,北側是(shi)(shi)淶源林(lin)場,西南側是(shi)(shi)阜平東(dong)風林(lin)場,在這兩(liang)萬五千多(duo)畝的林(lin)場上,它針葉林(lin)、闊葉林(lin)混交;灌木叢生(sheng)、花草遍布;林(lin)草豐茂,比(bi)如(ru)櫨(lu)、白樺、油松、翠柏、楓樹(shu)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)榆、白楊、山(shan)(shan)(shan)杏、核桃、山(shan)(shan)(shan)神木、葡萄、人參、靈芝、黃芹、黨參;滿山(shan)(shan)(shan)遍野飛禽(qin)走獸、野雉、山(shan)(shan)(shan)鷹、青(qing)羊、狍子、土(tu)豹、狼、狐貍、野雞、野兔、小松鼠、紅嘴鳥、鴉等(deng)野生(sheng)動物隨處可見(jian)。它集太(tai)行(xing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)所(suo)有動植物資源于(yu)一體,呈現了生(sheng)物的多(duo)樣性,是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)物鏈保護(hu)較好(hao)的一個生(sheng)物王國。
景區組成
大(da)(da)茂(mao)山(shan)不僅具有(you)山(shan)清水秀之(zhi)神(shen)韻,更有(you)雄偉奇(qi)(qi)險(xian)之(zhi)氣(qi)勢。大(da)(da)茂(mao)山(shan)由20多(duo)座山(shan)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)組成,站在(zai)崖頂,就可看到那(nei)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)連峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)擁(yong)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)壓峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)爭先的(de)壯(zhuang)觀景象。其主(zhu)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)太乙(yi)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),似群(qun)(qun)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)祖,爺(ye)爺(ye)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、奶(nai)奶(nai)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、媳婦峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、母子峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)、貞女峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)諸峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環列,登峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)極目遠眺,天(tian)地蒼茫(mang),那(nei)連綿起伏的(de)群(qun)(qun)山(shan)像(xiang)波濤(tao)洶涌的(de)大(da)(da)海漸漸遠去。 在(zai)群(qun)(qun)山(shan)之(zhi)中(zhong),隱藏著很多(duo)極具觀賞價值(zhi)的(de)天(tian)然洞(dong)穴(xue)。在(zai)云(yun)遮霧障的(de)西坡絕壁上(shang),有(you)神(shen)秘莫測的(de)黃龍(long)洞(dong)和黑(hei)龍(long)洞(dong),洞(dong)穴(xue)幽(you)深(shen)彎(wan)曲,洞(dong)內(nei)有(you)洞(dong),洞(dong)內(nei)碧水常年不斷。這里還隱藏著被稱為無(wu)底(di)洞(dong)的(de)幾十(shi)座洞(dong)穴(xue),都是天(tian)然形(xing)成的(de),深(shen)不見底(di)。還有(you)那(nei)些奇(qi)(qi)峰(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)異石(shi)和附會(hui)著美麗傳說的(de)石(shi)景,如石(shi)人溝、長壽(shou)石(shi)、老佛石(shi)堂、菩薩山(shan)、棒槌山(shan)等,也都具有(you)較高的(de)觀賞價值(zhi)。