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歷史記載

漢書記載

《漢書·地理志(zhi)》“望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)”下注:“張晏曰：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)北，堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)母(mu)(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)南，登堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)見都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，故(gu)以為(wei)名(ming)。”；《史記，秦(qin)始(shi)皇本紀》載“以攻龍、孤(gu)、慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)”，此文下注《正義》引《括地志(zhi)》云(yun)(yun)：“又(you)定州唐縣(xian)東北五(wu)十(shi)(shi)四里(li)有孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。蓋都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)。《帝(di)王紀》云(yun)(yun)‘堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)母(mu)(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)所居’。張晏云(yun)(yun)‘堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)北，堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)母(mu)(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)南，相去五(wu)十(shi)(shi)里(li)，北登堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，南望(wang)慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)’”。清顧祖禹《讀史方輿紀要》卷十(shi)(shi)二：“（唐山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)）縣(xian)北八里(li)。一名(ming)唐巖(yan)，亦名(ming)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。又(you)縣(xian)東北十(shi)(shi)五(wu)里(li)有孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，四面平坦，不與他山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)相接。一名(ming)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，亦名(ming)亙山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，又(you)謂之望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。張晏曰：都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)縣(xian)南，堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)母(mu)(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)(dou)所居。堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)其北。登堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，故(gu)以望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)為(wei)名(ming)，即此二山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)。”

水經注記載

酈道(dao)元《水經注(zhu)》卷十(shi)(shi)(shi)一滱(kou)(kou)水注(zhu)云：“應(ying)劭《地(di)理(li)風俗(su)記(ji)》曰(yue)(yue)：唐(tang)(tang)(tang)縣(xian)西(xi)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)得中人亭。今(jin)于(yu)此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)取(qu)中人鄉，則四十(shi)(shi)(shi)也。唐(tang)(tang)(tang)水在(zai)(zai)西(xi)北(bei)入滱(kou)(kou)，與應(ying)符合，又(you)言堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)者(zhe)，在(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)則無山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)擬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei)非也。闞駰(yin)《十(shi)(shi)(shi)三州志》曰(yue)(yue)：中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)治(zhi)盧奴(nu)，唐(tang)(tang)(tang)縣(xian)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)國北(bei)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)。駰(yin)所(suo)說北(bei)則非也。《史記(ji)》曰(yue)(yue)：帝(di)(di)嚳氏(shi)沒，帝(di)(di)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)氏(shi)作，始封(feng)于(yu)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)。望(wang)(wang)(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)縣(xian)在(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)，今(jin)此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)對(dui)盧奴(nu)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，自外無城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)應(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。考古知(zhi)今(jin)，事(shi)義全違，俗(su)名望(wang)(wang)(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則八(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)許里(li)(li)(li)(li)，距(ju)中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則七十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，驗途推邑，宜為(wei)(wei)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)去(qu)(qu)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)五(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，與七十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說相符。然則俗(su)謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，即是堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，在(zai)(zai)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)東(dong)北(bei)望(wang)(wang)(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)界。皇甫(fu)謐(mi)曰(yue)(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)亦名豆山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。今(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)如(ru)東(dong)，嶄絕孤峙，虎(hu)牙桀立，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)廟，是即堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)所(suo)登之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)者(zhe)也。《地(di)理(li)志》曰(yue)(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)。今(jin)考此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)，又(you)無山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)以(yi)應(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，是故(gu)先后論者(zhe)，咸以(yi)《地(di)理(li)記(ji)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說為(wei)(wei)失(shi)。又(you)即俗(su)說以(yi)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)望(wang)(wang)(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)者(zhe)，自北(bei)無城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以(yi)擬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，假復有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，途程紆遠，山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)河之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀全乖，古證傳為(wei)(wei)疏罔。是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)北(bei)豆山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)足，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一泉源，東(dong)北(bei)流(liu)徑豆山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)下合蘇(su)水，亂流(liu)轉(zhuan)注(zhu)東(dong)入滱(kou)(kou)，是豈唐(tang)(tang)(tang)水乎？所(suo)未詳也。又(you)于(yu)是城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)如(ru)東(dong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)余里(li)(li)(li)(li)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)一城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，俗(su)謂(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高昌縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，或望(wang)(wang)(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也。縣(xian)在(zai)(zai)唐(tang)(tang)(tang)南(nan)(nan)，皇甫(fu)謐(mi)曰(yue)(yue)：相去(qu)(qu)五(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)(li)(li)。稽(ji)諸城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)，猶十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)里(li)(li)(li)(li)，蓋書誤耳。此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)孤峙，世以(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)不連陵，名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)孤山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，孤、都(dou)(dou)(dou)聲相近，疑(yi)即所(suo)謂(wei)(wei)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也。《帝(di)(di)王世紀》曰(yue)(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)母慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)所(suo)居，故(gu)縣(xian)目曰(yue)(yue)望(wang)(wang)(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)。張晏曰(yue)(yue)：堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)北(bei)，堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)母慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)，登堯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)見都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，故(gu)望(wang)(wang)(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)縣(xian)以(yi)為(wei)(wei)名也。”

猜測

保定唐縣、完(wan)縣、望都三縣所謂帝堯“生(sheng)域(yu)”這一(yi)帶，有(you)堯山(shan)(shan)和(he)慶(qing)(qing)都山(shan)(shan)，分(fen)別以堯和(he)堯母慶(qing)(qing)都的名字命名；堯山(shan)(shan)在北(bei)，堯母慶(qing)(qing)都山(shan)(shan)在南，北(bei)登堯山(shan)(shan)望見慶(qing)(qing)都山(shan)(shan)，望都縣由此(ci)而得名；堯山(shan)(shan)和(he)慶(qing)(qing)都山(shan)(shan)之間有(you)一(yi)定距(ju)離。

中國歷史地圖集記載

按：據(ju)《中國歷史地(di)(di)(di)圖集》載(zai)，春秋(qiu)時期，境內已有(you)(you)左人邑(yi)(yi)(yi)（今(jin)(jin)周(zhou)雹水(shui)、北(bei)雹水(shui)）、中人邑(yi)(yi)(yi)（今(jin)(jin)都亭）、孤(gu)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)（今(jin)(jin)北(bei)高(gao)昌(chang)，亦稱慶(qing)都邑(yi)(yi)(yi)），陽邑(yi)(yi)(yi)（亦稱唐(tang)邑(yi)(yi)(yi)，今(jin)(jin)固(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)），屬燕地(di)(di)(di)、中山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)。又據(ju)望(wang)都縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)記載(zai)：慶(qing)都縣(xian)(xian)原治所自西(xi)漢至北(bei)宋，在(zai)唐(tang)縣(xian)(xian)固(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、高(gao)昌(chang)一帶(dai)。故酈(li)道元《水(shui)經注(zhu)》對陽邑(yi)(yi)(yi)（按即唐(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)）、慶(qing)都縣(xian)(xian)舊治，考察極為清(qing)晰：今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)“南(nan)北(bei)固(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”，就(jiu)是(shi)所謂帝堯史封(feng)之(zhi)“唐(tang)”，而“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)南(nan)如東(dong)十(shi)(shi)余里(li)，有(you)(you)一城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，俗謂之(zhi)高(gao)昌(chang)縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，或望(wang)都之(zhi)故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也。縣(xian)(xian)在(zai)唐(tang)南(nan)”，“稽諸(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)，猶十(shi)(shi)五里(li)，蓋書誤(wu)耳”，酈(li)道元作了實地(di)(di)(di)考察，唐(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與高(gao)昌(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)間，相距大約十(shi)(shi)五華里(li)，所以皇甫謐說相距五十(shi)(shi)里(li)，大概是(shi)書寫(xie)之(zhi)誤(wu)。而《漢書，地(di)(di)(di)理志(zhi)》說，“堯山(shan)(shan)在(zai)南(nan)”，而唐(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)南(nan)并沒(mei)有(you)(you)這樣一座“堯山(shan)(shan)”，但“唐(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)去(qu)堯山(shan)(shan)五里(li)”，城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)卻恰恰有(you)(you)這么一座“堯山(shan)(shan)”，這座距北(bei)固(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)五里(li)的(de)所謂“堯山(shan)(shan)”，即是(shi)位于順平縣(xian)(xian)境內的(de)“伊(yi)祁(qi)山(shan)(shan)”，也就(jiu)是(shi)《完縣(xian)(xian)新志(zhi)》所載(zai)帝堯出生之(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)，由此(ci)可(ke)知，堯山(shan)(shan)就(jiu)是(shi)伊(yi)祁(qi)山(shan)(shan)。

位置

再說(shuo)慶(qing)都(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)的(de)位置。《史記正義》引(yin)“張晏云‘堯(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)北，堯(yao)母慶(qing)都(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)南，相去五(wu)(wu)十(shi)里(li)(li)(li)，北登堯(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，南望慶(qing)都(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)’”。按(an)酈道元《水(shui)經注，滱水(shui)注》云：（唐(tang)(tang)）“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)南如(ru)東十(shi)余里(li)(li)(li)，有(you)一城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，俗謂(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)昌(chang)縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，或(huo)望都(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)(ye)”，而(er)“唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北去堯(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)”，又(you)云“此(ci)(ci)(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)（高(gao)(gao)昌(chang)）之(zhi)(zhi)東，有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)孤(gu)(gu)(gu)峙，世以(yi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)不(bu)連陵，名(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)曰孤(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，孤(gu)(gu)(gu)、都(dou)聲相近，疑(yi)即(ji)所(suo)謂(wei)都(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)(ye)”，由此(ci)(ci)(ci)可知，唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大(da)(da)(da)約距(ju)(ju)離高(gao)(gao)昌(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“十(shi)余里(li)(li)(li)”，而(er)唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北距(ju)(ju)堯(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)，高(gao)(gao)昌(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)東即(ji)是(shi)“孤(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”，故(gu)“堯(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”南距(ju)(ju)“孤(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”恰好大(da)(da)(da)約十(shi)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)左右(you)。所(suo)以(yi)，酈道元指出，“稽諸(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地，猶(you)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)，蓋書誤耳”，這雖然是(shi)指唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)高(gao)(gao)昌(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)大(da)(da)(da)致距(ju)(ju)離，但我(wo)們由此(ci)(ci)(ci)亦可知堯(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)都(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)相距(ju)(ju)也(ye)(ye)應大(da)(da)(da)致如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)，而(er)張晏所(suo)謂(wei)兩山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)“相去五(wu)(wu)十(shi)里(li)(li)(li)”，皇甫(fu)謐說(shuo)唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)高(gao)(gao)昌(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“相去五(wu)(wu)十(shi)里(li)(li)(li)”，如(ru)此(ci)(ci)(ci)巧(qiao)合，當是(shi)十(shi)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)(li)書寫之(zhi)(zhi)誤無疑(yi)。故(gu)由此(ci)(ci)(ci)可知，所(suo)謂(wei)慶(qing)都(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)，就是(shi)現在(zai)(zai)在(zai)(zai)順平(ping)縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)通(tong)往唐(tang)(tang)縣縣城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)公(gong)路旁，唐(tang)(tang)縣高(gao)(gao)昌(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東、望都(dou)郭(guo)村(cun)村(cun)北的(de)“孤(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”，當地人俗稱(cheng)“小孤(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)”。孤(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)面積0、1平(ping)方公(gong)里(li)(li)(li)，海拔111、9米，因(yin)(yin)為四周皆是(shi)平(ping)原，無山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈相連，故(gu)名(ming)(ming)。因(yin)(yin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)體結構是(shi)“麻片巖”，石(shi)質尖脆，便于開采，近些(xie)年當地人過度開采石(shi)頭，已經基本快炸平(ping)了。據本地老人們說(shuo)，孤(gu)(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上(shang)曾經有(you)塔和(he)(he)廟 , 后因(yin)(yin)開山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)取石(shi)，今(jin)(jin)天廟、塔今(jin)(jin)已蕩然無存。