歷史記載
漢書記載
《漢書·地(di)理(li)志(zhi)》“望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)”下注:“張晏(yan)曰:堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在北(bei),堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在南,登堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)見(jian)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為名(ming)。”;《史記,秦(qin)始皇本紀(ji)》載“以(yi)(yi)(yi)攻龍(long)、孤(gu)、慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)”,此文下注《正義》引《括地(di)志(zhi)》云(yun):“又(you)定州唐縣(xian)東(dong)北(bei)五(wu)十(shi)四(si)里有孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。蓋都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也。《帝王紀(ji)》云(yun)‘堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)所居’。張晏(yan)云(yun)‘堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在北(bei),堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在南,相去五(wu)十(shi)里,北(bei)登堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),南望(wang)慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也’”。清(qing)顧祖禹《讀史方(fang)輿紀(ji)要(yao)》卷十(shi)二:“(唐山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan))縣(xian)北(bei)八(ba)里。一(yi)名(ming)唐巖,亦名(ming)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。又(you)縣(xian)東(dong)北(bei)十(shi)五(wu)里有孤(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),四(si)面平(ping)坦,不與他山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)相接(jie)。一(yi)名(ming)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),亦名(ming)亙山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),又(you)謂之望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。張晏(yan)曰:都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)縣(xian)南,堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母慶(qing)(qing)都(dou)(dou)(dou)所居。堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在其北(bei)。登堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),故(gu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)望(wang)都(dou)(dou)(dou)為名(ming),即此二山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也。”
水經注記載
酈道元《水(shui)經注》卷十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一滱(kou)水(shui)注云:“應(ying)劭《地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)風(feng)俗(su)記(ji)(ji)》曰(yue)(yue):唐縣(xian)(xian)西(xi)(xi)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)得中人(ren)(ren)亭(ting)。今于(yu)(yu)此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)取中人(ren)(ren)鄉,則(ze)四(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也(ye)。唐水(shui)在(zai)(zai)(zai)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)入(ru)滱(kou),與應(ying)符合,又言堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)者,在(zai)(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)則(ze)無(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)以擬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)非也(ye)。闞駰(yin)《十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)州志》曰(yue)(yue):中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)治(zhi)盧奴(nu),唐縣(xian)(xian)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)。駰(yin)所(suo)(suo)說北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)則(ze)非也(ye)。《史記(ji)(ji)》曰(yue)(yue):帝(di)嚳(ku)氏(shi)沒(mei),帝(di)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)氏(shi)作,始封于(yu)(yu)唐。望(wang)都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)(nan),今此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南(nan)(nan)(nan)對(dui)盧奴(nu)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),自外無(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以應(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。考古知(zhi)今,事義全(quan)違,俗(su)名望(wang)都(dou)(dou)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則(ze)八(ba)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)許里(li)(li),距中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)則(ze)七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li),驗途推邑,宜為(wei)唐城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)去堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li),與七(qi)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說相符。然(ran)則(ze)俗(su)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),即(ji)是(shi)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),在(zai)(zai)(zai)唐東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)望(wang)都(dou)(dou)界(jie)。皇甫謐曰(yue)(yue):堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)亦名豆(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。今山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)于(yu)(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)如東,嶄絕孤(gu)(gu)峙(zhi),虎牙桀(jie)立(li),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)南(nan)(nan)(nan)有(you)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)廟,是(shi)即(ji)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)所(suo)(suo)登(deng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)者也(ye)。《地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)志》曰(yue)(yue):堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)。今考此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)(nan),又無(wu)(wu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)以應(ying)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),是(shi)故(gu)先后論者,咸(xian)以《地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)記(ji)(ji)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說為(wei)失(shi)。又即(ji)俗(su)說以唐城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)望(wang)都(dou)(dou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)者,自北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)無(wu)(wu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)以擬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),假復有(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),途程紆(yu)遠(yuan),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)河之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)狀全(quan)乖,古證(zheng)傳為(wei)疏罔。是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)西(xi)(xi)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)豆(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)足(zu),有(you)一泉(quan)源,東北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei)流徑豆(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)下合蘇水(shui),亂流轉注東入(ru)滱(kou),是(shi)豈唐水(shui)乎?所(suo)(suo)未詳也(ye)。又于(yu)(yu)是(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)(nan)(nan)如東十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)余里(li)(li),有(you)一城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),俗(su)謂之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高昌縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),或望(wang)都(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)。縣(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)唐南(nan)(nan)(nan),皇甫謐曰(yue)(yue):相去五(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)里(li)(li)。稽諸城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)(di),猶十(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)里(li)(li),蓋書誤耳。此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東,有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)孤(gu)(gu)峙(zhi),世以山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)不連陵,名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)(yue)孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),孤(gu)(gu)、都(dou)(dou)聲相近,疑即(ji)所(suo)(suo)謂都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)也(ye)。《帝(di)王(wang)世紀》曰(yue)(yue):堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母慶都(dou)(dou)所(suo)(suo)居,故(gu)縣(xian)(xian)目曰(yue)(yue)望(wang)都(dou)(dou)。張晏曰(yue)(yue):堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)北(bei)(bei)(bei)(bei),堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母慶都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)(nan),登(deng)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)見都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),故(gu)望(wang)都(dou)(dou)縣(xian)(xian)以為(wei)名也(ye)。”
猜測
保定唐縣、完縣、望(wang)都(dou)(dou)三縣所謂帝(di)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)“生域”這一帶,有(you)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)慶都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),分別(bie)以(yi)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)和(he)堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母(mu)(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)的名(ming)字命名(ming);堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在北,堯(yao)(yao)(yao)母(mu)(mu)慶都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)在南,北登堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)望(wang)見(jian)慶都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),望(wang)都(dou)(dou)縣由(you)此而得名(ming);堯(yao)(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)慶都(dou)(dou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)之間有(you)一定距離。
中國歷史地圖集記載
按(an):據《中(zhong)國歷史(shi)地(di)圖集》載(zai),春秋時期,境內已有(you)左人邑(yi)(yi)(今周(zhou)雹水(shui)、北雹水(shui))、中(zhong)人邑(yi)(yi)(今都亭)、孤邑(yi)(yi)(今北高(gao)昌(chang)(chang),亦(yi)稱慶(qing)都邑(yi)(yi)),陽邑(yi)(yi)(亦(yi)稱唐邑(yi)(yi),今固(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)),屬燕地(di)、中(zhong)山地(di)。又(you)據望(wang)(wang)都縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志記載(zai):慶(qing)都縣(xian)(xian)(xian)原治(zhi)所(suo)自西漢(han)至(zhi)北宋,在(zai)唐縣(xian)(xian)(xian)固(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、高(gao)昌(chang)(chang)一(yi)帶。故(gu)酈(li)道元《水(shui)經注》對陽邑(yi)(yi)(按(an)即唐城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))、慶(qing)都縣(xian)(xian)(xian)舊治(zhi),考察(cha)(cha)極為清晰:今之(zhi)(zhi)“南(nan)北固(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”,就是(shi)所(suo)謂帝堯(yao)(yao)史(shi)封(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)“唐”,而(er)(er)“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)如東十余里,有(you)一(yi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),俗(su)謂之(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)昌(chang)(chang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),或望(wang)(wang)都之(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也。縣(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)唐南(nan)”,“稽諸城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di),猶(you)十五(wu)里,蓋書(shu)誤(wu)耳”,酈(li)道元作了實地(di)考察(cha)(cha),唐城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)與高(gao)昌(chang)(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)間,相距大約十五(wu)華里,所(suo)以(yi)皇甫(fu)謐說相距五(wu)十里,大概是(shi)書(shu)寫之(zhi)(zhi)誤(wu)。而(er)(er)《漢(han)書(shu),地(di)理(li)志》說,“堯(yao)(yao)山在(zai)南(nan)”,而(er)(er)唐城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)南(nan)并沒(mei)有(you)這(zhe)樣一(yi)座“堯(yao)(yao)山”,但“唐城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北去堯(yao)(yao)山五(wu)里”,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北卻恰(qia)恰(qia)有(you)這(zhe)么(me)一(yi)座“堯(yao)(yao)山”,這(zhe)座距北固(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)五(wu)里的(de)所(suo)謂“堯(yao)(yao)山”,即是(shi)位于順平縣(xian)(xian)(xian)境內的(de)“伊祁山”,也就是(shi)《完(wan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)新(xin)志》所(suo)載(zai)帝堯(yao)(yao)出生之(zhi)(zhi)地(di),由此可(ke)知,堯(yao)(yao)山就是(shi)伊祁山。
位置
再說(shuo)慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)山(shan)的(de)位置。《史(shi)記正(zheng)義(yi)》引(yin)“張晏(yan)云‘堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)在北(bei),堯(yao)(yao)母慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)山(shan)在南,相(xiang)去五(wu)(wu)十里,北(bei)登(deng)堯(yao)(yao)山(shan),南望(wang)慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)山(shan)也’”。按酈道(dao)元(yuan)(yuan)《水經注,滱水注》云:(唐(tang)(tang))“城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)南如(ru)東(dong)十余(yu)里,有一城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),俗謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)昌縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),或望(wang)都(dou)(dou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)也”,而(er)“唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)去堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)五(wu)(wu)里”,又云“此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(高(gao)昌)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong),有山(shan)孤(gu)(gu)峙,世以(yi)(yi)山(shan)不(bu)連陵,名之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰孤(gu)(gu)山(shan),孤(gu)(gu)、都(dou)(dou)聲相(xiang)近,疑(yi)即(ji)所謂(wei)(wei)(wei)都(dou)(dou)山(shan)也”,由(you)此(ci)可知,唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大約距(ju)離(li)高(gao)昌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“十余(yu)里”,而(er)唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)北(bei)距(ju)堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)五(wu)(wu)里,高(gao)昌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)“孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)”,故(gu)(gu)(gu)“堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)”南距(ju)“孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)”恰好大約十五(wu)(wu)里左(zuo)右。所以(yi)(yi),酈道(dao)元(yuan)(yuan)指出,“稽諸(zhu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地,猶(you)十五(wu)(wu)里,蓋書誤耳”,這雖(sui)然是(shi)(shi)指唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和高(gao)昌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)大致距(ju)離(li),但我們(men)由(you)此(ci)亦(yi)可知堯(yao)(yao)山(shan)和都(dou)(dou)山(shan)相(xiang)距(ju)也應大致如(ru)此(ci),而(er)張晏(yan)所謂(wei)(wei)(wei)兩山(shan)“相(xiang)去五(wu)(wu)十里”,皇甫謐說(shuo)唐(tang)(tang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)和高(gao)昌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)“相(xiang)去五(wu)(wu)十里”,如(ru)此(ci)巧(qiao)合(he),當是(shi)(shi)十五(wu)(wu)里書寫之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誤無(wu)疑(yi)。故(gu)(gu)(gu)由(you)此(ci)可知,所謂(wei)(wei)(wei)慶(qing)都(dou)(dou)山(shan),就是(shi)(shi)現在在順(shun)平(ping)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)通往(wang)唐(tang)(tang)縣(xian)縣(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)公路旁,唐(tang)(tang)縣(xian)高(gao)昌城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)東(dong)、望(wang)都(dou)(dou)郭村(cun)村(cun)北(bei)的(de)“孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)”,當地人俗稱“小孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)”。孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)面積0、1平(ping)方公里,海拔111、9米,因為四周皆(jie)是(shi)(shi)平(ping)原,無(wu)山(shan)脈相(xiang)連,故(gu)(gu)(gu)名。因山(shan)體結構是(shi)(shi)“麻片巖”,石質尖脆(cui),便于開(kai)采(cai),近些(xie)年當地人過度開(kai)采(cai)石頭,已經基本快炸(zha)平(ping)了。據(ju)本地老人們(men)說(shuo),孤(gu)(gu)山(shan)上曾經有塔(ta)和廟(miao) , 后(hou)因開(kai)山(shan)取石,今天廟(miao)、塔(ta)今已蕩(dang)然無(wu)存。