張家大湖位(wei)于漢(han)北河北岸(an),九(jiu)真鎮(zhen)腹部(bu)地區,屬(shu)天門市水(shui)產局管理(li)。湖的北面(mian)與柳河河、邱橋(qiao)河相連(lian),總承雨面(mian)積(ji)(ji)195.94平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)(其中(zhong)柳河河承雨面(mian)積(ji)(ji)116.3平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li),邱橋(qiao)河承雨面(mian)積(ji)(ji)30平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li),平(ping)原湖區承雨面(mian)積(ji)(ji)49.64平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(li)。)
該湖上(shang)緣有綠水(shui)堰、石(shi)堰口、裴沖三(san)座中小(xiao)型水(shui)庫,攔截柳河河邱橋(qiao)河的(de)承雨面積43.4平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里。湖底最(zui)(zui)低(di)高(gao)程在24米(mi)左右,湖內水(shui)位正(zheng)常情況下控制在26.5米(mi),相應(ying)面積為6.2平(ping)方(fang)公(gong)(gong)里(9300畝(mu))內轄八一(yi)(yi)、九真、花(hua)臺、石(shi)場(chang)、長壽、文墩6個行政片(pian)、共計27個村(cun)民委員會(hui)和一(yi)(yi)個張(zhang)店漁場(chang),258個村(cun)民小(xiao)組46500人。張(zhang)家大湖周圍(wei)海拔最(zui)(zui)低(di)高(gao)度的(de)村(cun)民小(xiao)組是杜場(chang)1組,為28米(mi),其次是杜場(chang)2組,海拔高(gao)度為28.5米(mi),柳河河、邱橋(qiao)河上(shang)游為山丘與崗地(di)、匯流(liu)時程短(duan)、徑(jing)流(liu)集中。
相傳(chuan)唐玄宗年間,大洪山地(di)(di)區(qu)連(lian)月普降(jiang)暴雨(yu)(yu),古云夢澤頓(dun)成汪洋一片。有九兄(xiong)弟順(shun)漢(han)水(shui)而(er)下,至竟陵(ling)地(di)(di)界水(shui)勢變(bian)緩,見張家(jia)大湖(hu)水(shui)域遼闊,沿湖(hu)平崗跌(die)宕,便(bian)棄筏登岸,擇(ze)高地(di)(di)而(er)居。及水(shui)退(tui),各(ge)擇(ze)沿岸高地(di)(di)耕作,數載櫛(zhi)風(feng)沐(mu)雨(yu)(yu),家(jia)境漸為(wei)殷實,便(bian)廣施鄉鄰(lin),接(jie)濟窮人(ren)(ren),且因祖傳(chuan)醫術,醫治窮困潦倒病(bing)人(ren)(ren)無數。眾鄉鄰(lin)皆推兄(xiong)弟之德,為(wei)銘恩典(dian),遂在現鎮區(qu)東(dong)北角建一寺廟(miao),名“九真廟(miao)”,以昭后(hou)人(ren)(ren)司兄(xiong)弟行善積德之舉。廟(miao)宇香火鼎盛,信徒(tu)無數,后(hou)因戰亂屢(lv)(lv)毀(hui)屢(lv)(lv)建,至民國(guo)毀(hui)損。
位(wei)于(yu)張家大(da)湖(hu)東面(mian)石家咀湖(hu)邊。相傳此寺建(jian)于(yu)唐(tang)朝,何人(ren)(ren)興建(jian),無(wu)(wu)從考證。此寺較大(da)特點——隨水(shui)而(er)升,隨水(shui)而(er)跌,湖(hu)水(shui)無(wu)(wu)論如何暴漲,皆無(wu)(wu)法(fa)將(jiang)其淹沒。因(yin)神奇,世人(ren)(ren)皆奉為(wei)神址(zhi),倘有天災人(ren)(ren)禍,流年不順,每(mei)(mei)日(ri)子時(shi)便(bian)前(qian)往禮拜。每(mei)(mei)逢廟會,善男(nan)信女壅塞其道,歷數(shu)世不衰。現附近村民(min)自發(fa)在遺(yi)址(zhi)上搭一臨時(shi)處所,仍香火不斷,訪者(zhe)眾多。
為(wei)第(di)二(er)次國(guo)內(nei)戰爭時(shi)期,賀龍(long)率部與國(guo)民黨軍(jun)浴血奮戰七天七夜的戰斗場所,指揮部設于張家場一(yi)家老(lao)油坊,系文(wen)墩場戰役組成(cheng)部分(fen)。此役勝利后,賀龍(long)率部經沙(sha)市、荊州,轉至洪(hong)湖創立(li)湘(xiang)鄂(e)贛蘇區。原(yuan)址(zhi)建有(you)烈士紀(ji)念碑及六(liu)角碑亭,因道路(lu)建設于上(shang)世紀(ji)九十年代(dai)遷往劉廟村集體(ti)墓地(di),現有(you)紀(ji)念文(wen)物(wu)為(wei)復制品,被列(lie)為(wei)天門市愛國(guo)主義教育(yu)基(ji)地(di),軍(jun)史對此役有(you)翔實描(miao)述。
該地區(qu)氣(qi)候溫和、雨(yu)量充沛、光(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)充足、四季(ji)分(fen)明、平(ping)(ping)均日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時數為(wei)1966.2小(xiao)(xiao)時。年平(ping)(ping)均日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)百(bai)分(fen)率(lv)為(wei)45%,年平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫為(wei)17.2℃,極端最(zui)高氣(qi)溫38.5℃,極端最(zui)低(di)氣(qi)溫-17.2℃,據氣(qi)象資料該地區(qu)年平(ping)(ping)均降(jiang)(jiang)水1101mm、夏(xia)季(ji)最(zui)高平(ping)(ping)均474mm、冬季(ji)最(zui)少(shao)平(ping)(ping)均100mm;平(ping)(ping)均年降(jiang)(jiang)雨(yu)少(shao)數為(wei)122天,年平(ping)(ping)均風速2.5m′/秒,3月(yue)份最(zui)大,月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均2.8m/秒,10月(yue)最(zui)小(xiao)(xiao)。月(yue)平(ping)(ping)均2.1m/秒。
張(zhang)家大湖(hu)(hu)周(zhou)邊有(you)張(zhang)店(dian)、張(zhang)廟、龍背、高垱、陸嶺、杜(du)場(chang)(chang)(chang)、段場(chang)(chang)(chang)、同興、新河(he)(he)等九(jiu)個村有(you)道路(lu)(lu)5條,直通湖(hu)(hu)邊,即①九(jiu)真-張(zhang)店(dian)漁(yu)場(chang)(chang)(chang),全(quan)(quan)長4公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)通村路(lu)(lu))②周(zhou)柳公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)③杜(du)場(chang)(chang)(chang)-尹(yin)家咀,全(quan)(quan)長3公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)④段場(chang)(chang)(chang)-同興西堤,全(quan)(quan)長5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)⑤龍背嶺-尹(yin)家三灣,全(quan)(quan)長2.5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)里(li)(li)(水(shui)(shui)(shui)泥(ni)通村路(lu)(lu))。這(zhe)九(jiu)個行政村除新河(he)(he)村主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)棉(mian)花外,其余主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)稻谷兼營水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)(chan)養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)及其它旱雜(za)糧,該湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積(ji)使(shi)用權(quan)為市(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)(chan)局、水(shui)(shui)(shui)則由九(jiu)真鎮村民灌溉使(shi)用,現張(zhang)家大湖(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面由市(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)產(chan)(chan)局承包給(gei)杜(du)場(chang)(chang)(chang)村尹(yin)春陽(yang):主(zhu)要養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)四大家魚,殖(zhi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)性質為粗放經營對環境,水(shui)(shui)(shui)質基本(ben)無害(hai),年平均養(yang)(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)面積(ji)約9300畝。交水(shui)(shui)(shui)位時(shi)面積(ji)超過(guo)10000畝。