周田(tian)(tian)古村(cun)(cun)(cun)位于江西(xi)省(sheng)尋烏縣(xian)(xian)澄江鎮(zhen)東(dong)6公里處,地(di)形(xing)是(shi)四面環山,呈“Y”字型的(de)盆地(di)。山勢(shi)南高北低,梯田(tian)(tian)滿山,周田(tian)(tian)河兩岸更(geng)是(shi)良(liang)田(tian)(tian)千畝,是(shi)林茂糧豐(feng)之(zhi)地(di),屬江南丘陵地(di)帶,周田(tian)(tian)客(ke)家(jia)古建(jian)筑(zhu)群是(shi)江西(xi)省(sheng)首(shou)批歷史文化名村(cun)(cun)(cun)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。周田(tian)(tian)客(ke)家(jia)古建(jian)筑(zhu)群有(you)(you)“周田(tian)(tian)十(shi)(shi)八座大屋”,而(er)至(zhi)今(jin)仍(reng)完(wan)整保存的(de)有(you)(you)十(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)座精美古民(min)居(ju),它雖然沒有(you)(you)樂安縣(xian)(xian)流坑之(zhi)規模宏(hong)大,也沒有(you)(you)婺源縣(xian)(xian)江灣之(zhi)秀(xiu)麗景象(xiang),但(dan)周田(tian)(tian)的(de)內(nei)(nei)容卻相(xiang)(xiang)當豐(feng)富多彩:它有(you)(you)雕龍畫棟、飛檐翹角、封火磚(zhuan)墻,還有(you)(you)文化內(nei)(nei)容深遠的(de)門楣、題刻、功名柱(zhu)、風水塘、浮(fu)雕壁畫、木雕、硅雕、石(shi)雕工藝精湛,栩栩如生,體現(xian)了客(ke)家(jia)先(xian)民(min)精巧的(de)技(ji)能(neng)和超凡(fan)的(de)智(zhi)慧(hui),更(geng)有(you)(you)奇石(shi)、秀(xiu)峰、古樹等自然景觀點(dian)綴其中,寧靜而(er)祥(xiang)和,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)幅“小橋流水人(ren)家(jia)”的(de)田(tian)(tian)園美景。村(cun)(cun)(cun)落交通(tong)發達,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)共有(you)(you)五(wu)(wu)條(tiao)道(dao)(dao)路進出村(cun)(cun)(cun)莊。東(dong)至(zhi)溪(xi)尾,南至(zhi)漁溪(xi),西(xi)至(zhi)團山,西(xi)北至(zhi)澄江,北至(zhi)族亨、長企。它一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)村(cun)(cun)(cun)通(tong)三省(sheng),廣東(dong)的(de)平(ping)遠縣(xian)(xian)差干鎮(zhen)烽嶺牌(pai)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、福(fu)建(jian)的(de)武(wu)平(ping)縣(xian)(xian)東(dong)留鄉龍溪(xi)村(cun)(cun)(cun)與(yu)周田(tian)(tian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)山之(zhi)隔(ge),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)條(tiao)穿村(cun)(cun)(cun)而(er)過(guo)的(de)古驛(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)將三省(sheng)三村(cun)(cun)(cun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)脈相(xiang)(xiang)連(lian)。如今(jin),驛(yi)(yi)道(dao)(dao)猶在,驛(yi)(yi)站殘猶,鹽商的(de)故事仍(reng)在傳說(shuo)。
周(zhou)田(tian)古(gu)村(cun)(cun)位于江西(xi)省(sheng)尋(xun)烏縣澄江鎮東(dong)6公(gong)里處,地(di)(di)形是(shi)四面環山,呈“Y”字型(xing)的盆地(di)(di)。周(zhou)田(tian)古(gu)村(cun)(cun)的歷史可以(yi)(yi)追溯到明(ming)(ming)朝(chao)之前。明(ming)(ming)朝(chao)初年(nian)形成的會(hui)昌、安遠至尋(xun)烏的驛(yi)道(dao),是(shi)由贛南進入廣(guang)東(dong)梅州等地(di)(di)的主要通(tong)道(dao),也是(shi)明(ming)(ming)清贛粵客家(jia)人大(da)遷(qian)徙、大(da)回(hui)流的通(tong)道(dao),而地(di)(di)處江西(xi)、廣(guang)東(dong)、福建三(san)省(sheng)交(jiao)界處的周(zhou)田(tian)村(cun)(cun),就位于多(duo)條古(gu)驛(yi)道(dao)的交(jiao)會(hui)點上,是(shi)“贛閩粵三(san)省(sheng)通(tong)衢”之地(di)(di)。屬溫(wen)(wen)暖(nuan)濕(shi)潤,雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)充沛,冬(dong)無嚴寒,夏(xia)無酷暑。屬亞熱帶地(di)(di)區的氣(qi)(qi)候特(te)征。年(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)為19攝(she)氏度(du),有記載以(yi)(yi)來的最(zui)高氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)是(shi)38.2攝(she)氏度(du),極端最(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)是(shi)-5.5攝(she)氏度(du)。年(nian)均降(jiang)水量(liang)1650毫(hao)米。降(jiang)水量(liang)是(shi)春夏(xia)雨(yu)(yu)季多(duo),秋冬(dong)兩(liang)季少,具體是(shi)4-6月(yue)多(duo)。
據當地王氏族譜記載,該地古(gu)屋(wu)群最早建(jian)(jian)于(yu)明(ming)朝萬歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)間,此后歷(li)明(ming)而清,子孫繁衍,先后建(jian)(jian)造(zao)古(gu)屋(wu)28棟(dong)之多(duo),最晚(wan)一(yi)(yi)棟(dong)建(jian)(jian)于(yu)清朝咸豐年(nian)(nian)(nian)間,前后時(shi)間跨度300多(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)。在(zai)眾多(duo)圍(wei)屋(wu)中,田(tian)塘灣圍(wei)屋(wu)是面積(ji)最大、建(jian)(jian)筑藝術價值最高的(de)一(yi)(yi)座方形圍(wei)屋(wu)。它建(jian)(jian)于(yu)清朝嘉慶19年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1814年(nian)(nian)(nian)),占地10余(yu)畝,屬(shu)磚石土木結構,房屋(wu)設計為四(si)進四(si)廂,八廳十二井,共(gong)有(you)50個房間,結構合(he)理,造(zao)型美觀。每座圍(wei)屋(wu)依(yi)山而建(jian)(jian),歷(li)經幾(ji)百(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)風雨(yu)考驗,依(yi)然雄(xiong)偉壯觀,它們從設計建(jian)(jian)造(zao)到(dao)室內(nei)裝飾風格各異,無一(yi)(yi)雷同,充分體現(xian)了當時(shi)建(jian)(jian)筑者獨具匠心的(de)智慧(hui)。
周田(tian)的(de)古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群除有(you)方形圍(wei)屋外,還有(you)學(xue)堂、茶亭、客(ke)棧、藥棧、水車油坊、寺廟等(deng)多種古(gu)(gu)代建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),共(gong)計二十處景點。省市有(you)關專(zhuan)家(jia)稱,這座古(gu)(gu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)群規模之大(da),保存之完好,在省內(nei)罕見,是反映江南客(ke)家(jia)民居(ju)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)特(te)色的(de)“活(huo)標(biao)本”,有(you)較高的(de)研(yan)究價(jia)值。
古(gu)驛(yi)道給周田(tian)客家古(gu)建筑群帶來了(le)明清時期(qi)500多年的繁榮(rong),優(you)越的地理位置成(cheng)就了(le)大批富商(shang)。他們(men)傳承著(zhu)輝煌的客家文化,建造了(le)遠近(jin)聞名的客家大屋。現今,在方圓3平方公里(li)的村落內(nei),分布著(zhu)自明朝萬歷(li)年間至清朝咸豐(feng)年間所建的古(gu)民居28座、學堂4座、茶亭1間、客棧4棟、藥(yao)棧1間,水車油坊1座,古(gu)寺廟5處,形成(cheng)了(le)蔚為壯觀(guan)的周田(tian)客家古(gu)民居群落。