順治通寶錢的種類

按(an)背文和鑄行(xing)階段(duan)可(ke)分為五式。

順治一式

第一(yi)式(shi)為“仿古式(shi)”，鑄(zhu)(zhu)行時間為順治(zhi)元(yuan)年至八年（1644～1651），順治(zhi)十(shi)七年停(ting)止(zhi)使(shi)用并回收。包括光背(bei)(bei)、背(bei)(bei)符(fu)號、背(bei)(bei)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)值三類，其中紀(ji)(ji)(ji)值類有(you)背(bei)(bei)“一(yi)”、“二(er)”與(yu)“十(shi)·一(yi)兩”仿明(ming)天(tian)啟大錢(qian)試鑄(zhu)(zhu)品(pin)，背(bei)(bei)符(fu)號類有(you)背(bei)(bei)星、背(bei)(bei)圈等(deng)。由于仿古式(shi)順治(zhi)錢(qian)從形制(zhi)、鑄(zhu)(zhu)造工藝(yi)等(deng)方面均具有(you)很(hen)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)明(ming)朝鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣(bi)的(de)(de)特點，故稱(cheng)其為“仿古式(shi)”。又因為錢(qian)背(bei)(bei)無(wu)(wu)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)錢(qian)局文字，也(ye)稱(cheng)為“無(wu)(wu)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)局”式(shi)，是清朝入(ru)關后鑄(zhu)(zhu)行的(de)(de)唯一(yi)一(yi)種無(wu)(wu)紀(ji)(ji)(ji)局標識的(de)(de)制(zhi)錢(qian)。

順治二式

第二式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)“單(dan)(dan)漢(han)(han)字(zi)(zi)紀局(ju)式(shi)(shi)(shi)”，該式(shi)(shi)(shi)鑄行時間為(wei)順(shun)治元年(nian)至(zhi)十(shi)年(nian)（1644～1653），錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)背(bei)以(yi)(yi)單(dan)(dan)個漢(han)(han)字(zi)(zi)標示鑄造錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)局(ju)簡稱(cheng)，先后有右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)單(dan)(dan)字(zi)(zi)、穿(chuan)左單(dan)(dan)字(zi)(zi)及穿(chuan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)漢(han)(han)字(zi)(zi)幾類。由于(yu)順(shun)治早期鑄錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)局(ju)眾多(duo)，故(gu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)背(bei)紀局(ju)文(wen)字(zi)(zi)較為(wei)豐富，共發現十(shi)九個錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)局(ju)，三(san)十(shi)一種背(bei)文(wen)，分別為(wei)：右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)戶(hu)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)戶(hu)、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)工(gong)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)工(gong)、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)宣(xuan)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)宣(xuan)、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)臨、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)臨、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)延、左延、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)云、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)同、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)薊(ji)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)薊(ji)、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)原(yuan)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)原(yuan)、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)陽、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)陽、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)河、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)河、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)浙、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)浙、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)東、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)東、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)荊、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)荊、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)寧、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)昌、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)襄、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)福、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)新(xin)。其中：上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)工(gong)、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)新(xin)未(wei)正式(shi)(shi)(shi)發行，僅見(jian)數枚(mei)樣錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，背(bei)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)延字(zi)(zi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)較為(wei)罕見(jian)，背(bei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)延字(zi)(zi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)未(wei)見(jian)真(zhen)品。舊譜記載(zai)背(bei)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)昌、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)寧、上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)陜、右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)陜等品種實不存(cun)在。順(shun)治十(shi)七年(nian)仿古式(shi)(shi)(shi)與單(dan)(dan)漢(han)(han)字(zi)(zi)紀局(ju)式(shi)(shi)(shi)順(shun)治錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一并(bing)停用，并(bing)被(bei)收兌銷毀。《清文(wen)獻通考(kao)(kao)·卷十(shi)三(san)·錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)幣考(kao)(kao)》；“國初，尚(shang)仍其制(zhi)，嗣后有鑄漢(han)(han)文(wen)，戶(hu)工(gong)字(zi)(zi)及各(ge)省鎮地(di)名一字(zi)(zi)，于(yu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)幕之(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)，或錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)幕之(zhi)右(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)者(zhe)，皆順(shun)治十(shi)年(nian)以(yi)(yi)前之(zhi)制(zhi)。”說明仿古式(shi)(shi)(shi)與“單(dan)(dan)漢(han)(han)字(zi)(zi)式(shi)(shi)(shi)”為(wei)順(shun)治錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)的早期形(xing)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。

順治三式

第三式(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”式(shi)，錢(qian)(qian)(qian)背穿右以(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)單(dan)漢字(zi)標示(shi)鑄局,穿左(zuo)書寫“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”二(er)字(zi)。鑄行(xing)時間(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)順(shun)治(zhi)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1653～1657），停用(yong)時間(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)康熙二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1663）。根據順(shun)治(zhi)十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1653)九月當時的戶部尚書車克(ke)題：“進驗新(xin)式(shi)樣錢(qian)(qian)(qian)并請旨頒發”事本中記載：“遵照(zhao)(zhao)新(xin)式(shi)背鑄一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)貳字(zi)樣錢(qian)(qian)(qian)萬文,理合(he)(he)進驗,如果(guo)合(he)(he)式(shi),以(yi)便頒發各省鎮(zhen)照(zhao)(zhao)式(shi)鑄造?查在(zai)京(jing)有戶?工(gong)兩(liang)局,臣部經管(guan)者,錢(qian)(qian)(qian)背鑄壹戶字(zi),工(gong)部鑄工(gong)字(zi),如江(jiang)寧(ning)寧(ning)字(zi),浙(zhe)江(jiang)浙(zhe)字(zi),武昌(chang)昌(chang)字(zi),福(fu)建福(fu)字(zi),山東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)字(zi),河南河字(zi),陜(shan)西陜(shan)字(zi),太(tai)原原字(zi),陽(yang)和(he)陽(yang)字(zi),宣(xuan)府宣(xuan)字(zi),薊(ji)(ji)鎮(zhen)薊(ji)(ji)字(zi),臨清(qing)臨字(zi),所(suo)以(yi)辯精(jing)粗,而(er)分(fen)殿最(zui)也?”順(shun)治(zhi)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”式(shi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)共發現十(shi)七種，分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：“戶一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“工(gong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“宣(xuan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“同一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“薊(ji)(ji)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“原一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“陽(yang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“河一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“浙(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“東(dong)(dong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“寧(ning)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“昌(chang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“福(fu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“陜(shan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“江(jiang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”、“云(yun)(yun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”。唯獨云(yun)(yun)南鑄“云(yun)(yun)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)順(shun)治(zhi)十(shi)六年(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)順(shun)治(zhi)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)（1659～1661）。該式(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“權銀錢(qian)(qian)(qian)”；“一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)”二(er)字(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)折(zhe)(zhe)銀一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)（十(shi)厘(li)(li)(li)(li)折(zhe)(zhe)銀一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)分(fen)，十(shi)分(fen)折(zhe)(zhe)銀一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，十(shi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)折(zhe)(zhe)銀一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)兩(liang)），“權銀錢(qian)(qian)(qian)”的鑄行(xing)是清(qing)朝初年(nian)(nian)(nian)銀錢(qian)(qian)(qian)雙(shuang)本位貨幣制度(du)的實物(wu)體現。

順治四式

第四(si)式(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)背“滿文(wen)(wen)”式(shi)(shi)，錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)背書(shu)寫(xie)滿文(wen)(wen)“寶泉(quan)(quan)(quan)”或“寶源(yuan)”分列(lie)穿左右。順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)（1657），戶部(bu)(bu)題準各省(sheng)鑄(zhu)局(ju)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)律(lv)停(ting)鑄(zhu)，僅由(you)(you)戶部(bu)(bu)寶泉(quan)(quan)(quan)局(ju)與工(gong)部(bu)(bu)寶源(yuan)鑄(zhu)背滿文(wen)(wen)局(ju)名(ming)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。《清史(shi)稿食(shi)貨五》記載:“順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)四(si)年(nian)，直(zhi)省(sheng)局(ju)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)不精(jing)(jing)，私(si)(si)鑄(zhu)乘之，卒壅不行(xing)，悉罷鑄(zhu)，專任(ren)寶泉(quan)(quan)(quan)，寶源(yuan)精(jing)(jing)造一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)分重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)，幕用(yong)滿文(wen)(wen)，俾私(si)(si)鑄(zhu)，限于(yu)作偽(wei)，現行(xing)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)限三月銷毀?”可(ke)見由(you)(you)北京(jing)戶?工(gong)二(er)局(ju)改鑄(zhu)順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)背滿文(wen)(wen)“寶泉(quan)(quan)(quan)”?“寶源(yuan)”重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)是(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)達到(dao)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)管理防止私(si)(si)鑄(zhu)的(de)目的(de)，也是(shi)歷(li)史(shi)上最重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)小(xiao)平制錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)。背“滿文(wen)(wen)”式(shi)(shi)制錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)鑄(zhu)行(xing)時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)十(shi)(shi)四(si)至(zhi)十(shi)(shi)八年(nian)（1657～1661），錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)體大而厚(hou)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)背銘文(wen)(wen)改為(wei)(wei)雙滿文(wen)(wen)形式(shi)(shi)，較之前順(shun)(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)有很(hen)大不同(tong)。從這一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)式(shi)(shi)開始，清朝(chao)制錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)在形制從上沿用(yong)明朝(chao)的(de)時(shi)代進入(ru)了(le)(le)真正的(de)清錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)時(shi)代，背滿文(wen)(wen)寶泉(quan)(quan)(quan)、寶源(yuan)形式(shi)(shi)的(de)制錢(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)直(zhi)延(yan)續至(zhi)清末宣(xuan)統時(shi)期。它的(de)出現具(ju)有劃時(shi)代的(de)意義。

順治五式

第五(wu)式(shi)(shi)為“滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)文”式(shi)(shi)，錢(qian)(qian)(qian)背(bei)分(fen)別(bie)以滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)、漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)書寫(xie)鑄(zhu)(zhu)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)簡稱(cheng)，分(fen)列穿(chuan)左右。鑄(zhu)(zhu)行時(shi)間為順治(zhi)十(shi)七(qi)年至(zhi)十(shi)八年（1660-1661）?據(ju)《清(qing)朝(chao)通(tong)(tong)志(zhi)》所載(zai)：順治(zhi)十(shi)七(qi)年(1660)戶部又(you)重定順治(zhi)通(tong)(tong)寶背(bei)文制式(shi)(shi)，除(chu)寶泉局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)、寶源局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)續(xu)鋳背(bei)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)文式(shi)(shi)外(wai)，提準重開(kai)十(shi)五(wu)個(ge)地方錢(qian)(qian)(qian)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)，并(bing)(bing)按照(zhao)順治(zhi)四式(shi)(shi)的規格開(kai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)新錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，每文重一錢(qian)(qian)(qian)四分(fen)，其背(bei)文由穿(chuan)右省(sheng)(sheng)府局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)文局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)名(ming)，穿(chuan)左為滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)文局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)名(ming)，故稱(cheng)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)文式(shi)(shi)。據(ju)《清(qing)朝(chao)通(tong)(tong)志(zhi)》記載(zai)該(gai)式(shi)(shi)分(fen)別(bie)有:山(shan)西大同(tong)鎮(zhen)(zhen)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)“同(tong)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)?江南江寧(ning)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)“寧(ning)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)?山(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)“東(dong)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)?湖廣武昌(chang)(chang)府局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)“昌(chang)(chang)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)?直(zhi)隸宣化鎮(zhen)(zhen)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)“宣”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)?山(shan)西太(tai)原府局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)“原”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)?直(zhi)隸薊州鎮(zhen)(zhen)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)“薊”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)?江西南昌(chang)(chang)府局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)“江”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)?河(he)南省(sheng)(sheng)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)“河(he)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)?山(shan)東(dong)臨清(qing)鎮(zhen)(zhen)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)“臨”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)?浙江省(sheng)(sheng)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)“浙”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)?陜西省(sheng)(sheng)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)“陜”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)?福建省(sheng)(sheng)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)“福”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)、云(yun)南省(sheng)(sheng)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)“云(yun)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)?其中福建省(sheng)(sheng)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)“福”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)與云(yun)南省(sheng)(sheng)局(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)(ju)鑄(zhu)(zhu)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)“云(yun)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)并(bing)(bing)未(wei)正式(shi)(shi)開(kai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)，滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)“福”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)僅發現數枚部頒樣錢(qian)(qian)(qian)，而(er)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)漢(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)“云(yun)”字(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)錢(qian)(qian)(qian)未(wei)見(jian)真品存世(shi)。

歷史背景

公元1644年，清(qing)軍入關，愛(ai)新覺(jue)羅·福臨至北京(jing)。為(wei)了(le)穩定流(liu)通鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣(bi)混亂的(de)局面，一(yi)(yi)方面有選擇地(di)繼續沿用明(ming)代舊錢(qian)(qian)，另一(yi)(yi)方在北京(jing)設(she)中(zhong)央錢(qian)(qian)局開鑄(zhu)(zhu)“順(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通寶”錢(qian)(qian)。新錢(qian)(qian)每文重量定為(wei)一(yi)(yi)錢(qian)(qian)與明(ming)錢(qian)(qian)兌換(huan)。這一(yi)(yi)舉措逐漸統一(yi)(yi)了(le)流(liu)通錢(qian)(qian)的(de)形制，為(wei)恢復(fu)國民經(jing)濟打(da)下(xia)了(le)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)基礎。然而(er)作為(wei)剛(gang)剛(gang)入關的(de)清(qing)朝政府推行順(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通寶錢(qian)(qian)并(bing)不是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)帆風順(shun)的(de)，它(ta)先(xian)后經(jing)歷了(le)五次重要(yao)的(de)改(gai)革，最終完成(cheng)了(le)脫離(li)明(ming)代而(er)建立清(qing)代鑄(zhu)(zhu)幣(bi)體(ti)系(xi)的(de)過程。五次貨幣(bi)改(gai)制鑄(zhu)(zhu)就了(le)五種形式(shi)的(de)順(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通寶錢(qian)(qian)，這就是(shi)(shi)聞名于世的(de)順(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)五式(shi)。每一(yi)(yi)式(shi)順(shun)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)通寶自成(cheng)體(ti)系(xi)又(you)互相(xiang)關聯(lian)，為(wei)我們后來的(de)收藏和研究者提供了(le)豐富多彩、趣(qu)味無窮的(de)實物資料。

歷史意義

1.明(ming)亡清興是(shi)(shi)中國(guo)歷史(shi)中的(de)一(yi)個精彩的(de)亮(liang)點，滿清入關之后，清政(zheng)權、南明(ming)政(zheng)權、農民(min)起義軍政(zheng)權之間爆發的(de)一(yi)系列大規模的(de)戰爭。清政(zheng)權的(de)統一(yi)戰爭主導了前期順治錢的(de)鑄造，它(ta)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個戰時貨(huo)幣演(yan)化(hua)的(de)經典案例和實(shi)物證據；

2.隨著(zhu)敵對政權逐一被消(xiao)滅，后期的(de)順治錢迅速從戰(zhan)時(shi)貨幣向建(jian)設時(shi)期貨幣的(de)轉(zhuan)型過(guo)渡(du)，順治錢也徹底從明(ming)朝制錢體系中脫離出(chu)來。它是研究清前期是如何(he)著(zhu)力恢復(fu)戰(zhan)后經(jing)濟課題(ti)重要(yao)實例；

3.順(shun)治(zhi)錢是(shi)(shi)中國(guo)歷(li)史上第二個完成(cheng)了大一(yi)統的(de)少數民族(zu)政權開(kai)國(guo)鑄幣(bi)(bi)，是(shi)(shi)研究少數民族(zu)與漢族(zu)錢幣(bi)(bi)文化(hua)如何一(yi)步步走向融合(he)的(de)實物(wu)資料；順(shun)治(zhi)錢是(shi)(shi)在(zai)銀(yin)本(ben)位貨幣(bi)(bi)制(zhi)度完全確立(li)之(zhi)后，建立(li)的(de)一(yi)整套白銀(yin)、銅錢雙軌制(zhi)貨幣(bi)(bi)解決方案；是(shi)(shi)貨幣(bi)(bi)白銀(yin)化(hua)研究的(de)重要組成(cheng)；

4.鑄(zhu)幣紀(ji)局(ju)的(de)制(zhi)度(du)是(shi)整(zheng)個清代錢幣體系的(de)一(yi)(yi)大(da)特點，也是(shi)中(zhong)國封建鑄(zhu)幣制(zhi)度(du)發展到更成熟階(jie)段的(de)體現(xian)。這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)制(zhi)度(du)雖(sui)然始于順治錢，但這(zhe)并非一(yi)(yi)蹴而(er)就，它經(jing)歷了一(yi)(yi)個循序漸進(jin)的(de)過程，對順治錢的(de)研究為弄清這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)演化過程提供了重要參考。