洪皓(hao),饒(rao)(rao)州鄱(po)(po)陽人(今(jin)江西省鄱(po)(po)陽縣)人。宋(song)徽宗政(zheng)和五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1115)進士(shi)。高宗建(jian)炎三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1129),以(yi)徽猷閣待制假(代(dai)理)禮部尚書使金被留,紹(shao)興十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1143)始歸。遷徽猷閣直(zhi)學士(shi)從三品,提舉萬壽觀(guan)(guan),兼(jian)權直(zhi)學士(shi)院(yuan)。尋(xun)因忤秦檜,出知(zhi)饒(rao)(rao)州。十(shi)七年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1147),責(ze)授濠州團練(lian)副使,英州安置(zhi)。二十(shi)五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1145),主(zhu)管臺州崇道觀(guan)(guan),卒(zu)謚(shi)忠宣(xuan)。
曾(ceng)任寧海主簿(bu)、秀州司錄。南宋建(jian)炎三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1129年(nian)(nian))五(wu)月,宋高宗準(zhun)備(bei)將都(dou)城由杭州遷往(wang)建(jian)康(今(jin)南京),以(yi)避金(jin)(jin)兵鋒芒。洪皓不(bu)顧職位卑(bei)微(wei),上(shang)書諫阻。他的意見(jian)雖未被采納,但(dan)卻因此為高宗賞識(shi)。高宗特(te)意召見(jian)他,擢升其為徽猷閣待(dai)制,假禮(li)部(bu)尚書,出使金(jin)(jin)國。金(jin)(jin)國留不(bu)遣返。在金(jin)(jin)15年(nian)(nian),直(zhi)至紹興(xing)十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(1143年(nian)(nian))歸(gui)。在金(jin)(jin)期間,威武不(bu)屈,時人稱之(zhi)為“宋之(zhi)蘇武”。后(hou)除徽猷閣直(zhi)學士(shi)、提舉萬壽觀兼(jian)權直(zhi)學士(shi)院,封魏國公從一品。謚號“忠宣(xuan)(xuan)”食邑(yi)一千二百戶,賜(si)紫金(jin)(jin)魚(yu)袋,宋高宗于(yu)(yu)杭州西(xi)湖邊(bian)葛(ge)嶺賜(si)建(jian)國公府。以(yi)論事忤秦(qin)檜,謫知饒州,移(yi)英州居住九年(nian)(nian)。明王守仁《謚襄惠兩峰洪公墓志銘》稱:“維(wei)洪氏世顯于(yu)(yu)鄱陽。自宋太師正一品忠宣(xuan)(xuan)公皓始賜(si)第于(yu)(yu)錢(qian)塘西(xi)湖之(zhi)葛(ge)嶺,三(san)子(zi)景(jing)伯(bo)、景(jing)嚴、景(jing)廬皆以(yi)名(ming)德(de)相(xiang)承(cheng),遂為錢(qian)塘望族。”清梁章鉅《楹聯叢話(hua)》云:“西(xi)湖葛(ge)嶺下有(you)洪忠宣(xuan)(xuan)公皓祠。
洪(hong)皓的一生,是(shi)在(zai)宋朝統治的艱(jian)難(nan)時(shi)期度過的。他(ta)出生于(yu)元祐三年(1088年),父親彥先(xian)是(shi)個(ge)位僅通(tong)直郎(lang)的六品官(guan)員(yuan)相當(dang)于(yu)(副廳級(ji)),政治上并(bing)無有力(li)的奧援(yuan),依靠(kao)自己的努力(li),在(zai)政和(he)(he)五年(1115年),即二十七歲時(shi),考中了進士。由于(yu)他(ta)“少(shao)有奇節(jie),慷慨有經(jing)略四方(fang)”之志,在(zai)新科進士中頗負盛名,不(bu)少(shao)達官(guan)貴人都欲(yu)爭致門下。徽宗親信“六賊(zei)”中的王黼和(he)(he)朱(zhu)勔更是(shi)想(xiang)把女兒嫁給(gei)他(ta)。他(ta)極(ji)力(li)推辭(ci),才未(wei)上賊(zei)船。當(dang)然,從此也就(jiu)官(guan)運不(bu)通(tong)。在(zai)此后(hou)的十多年中,只(zhi)擔(dan)任(ren)海寧縣(xian)主簿、秀州(zhou)司錄。
洪皓(hao)(hao)出仕后,每到一地都要想(xiang)辦法興(xing)利除(chu)弊,解除(chu)民(min)眾疾苦,即使擔(dan)(dan)很大(da)風險,也在(zai)所不顧(gu)。宋(song)徽宗政和五年(nian)(1115年(nian)),洪皓(hao)(hao)考中進(jin)士,出任海(hai)(hai)寧(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(今(jin)浙江海(hai)(hai)寧(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian))主簿、攝縣(xian)(xian)(xian)令(ling)事(shi)。當(dang)時海(hai)(hai)寧(ning)(ning)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)稅捐不均的情況(kuang)相當(dang)嚴重,農民(min)負擔(dan)(dan)沉重,苦不堪言。洪皓(hao)(hao)體(ti)恤(xu)民(min)情,毅然改(gai)變(bian)原來(lai)的做法,規定按財力每一百貫(guan)納絹(juan)一匹。這一舉措的實(shi)行(xing),使富戶納絹(juan)增加,貧困戶納絹(juan)相對減(jian)少(shao)。同(tong)時,他還蠲免了全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)4800戶貧弱人家,深得百姓的擁護。
宣和六(liu)年(1124年),洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)到(dao)秀州(今浙(zhe)江嘉興市)做司(si)錄時,這(zhe)年秋(qiu)季,秀州發大水,十(shi)分之(zhi)(zhi)九的(de)(de)(de)田地(di)被淹,百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)處于極度饑荒之(zhi)(zhi)中,他便騰(teng)出自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)居(ju)地(di),容幾(ji)千災民避難。還主動向郡守要(yao)求(qiu)承(cheng)擔救(jiu)(jiu)荒任務,把倉府粟米減價售(shou)給(gei)災民。倉米發售(shou)一空(kong)后(hou),浙(zhe)東貢(gong)米此時真(zhen)好經過(guo)秀州,在(zai)當(dang)時秀州是進貢(gong)皇家(jia)(jia)糧(liang)食的(de)(de)(de)轉運(yun)(yun)站(zhan),所以洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)再(zai)次(ci)向郡守提議(yi)不轉運(yun)(yun),就地(di)賑濟災民。當(dang)時知州不敢(gan)擔當(dang),說(shuo)(shuo):“不可以。”因為(wei)截留(liu)皇糧(liang)按宋律當(dang)斬。洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)又說(shuo)(shuo):“我愿意用自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)生命來(lai)換十(shi)萬人生命,希望知州將糧(liang)發放(fang)給(gei)岌岌可危的(de)(de)(de)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)。”后(hou)來(lai)知州也深(shen)受感動,就同意洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)的(de)(de)(de)建議(yi),這(zhe)樣(yang)就解救(jiu)(jiu)了(le)十(shi)萬人的(de)(de)(de)性命。人們感之(zhi)(zhi)入骨,大家(jia)(jia)把他比喻(yu)跟佛(fo)(fo)一樣(yang)救(jiu)(jiu)苦(ku)救(jiu)(jiu)難,悲天憫人,稱他為(wei)“洪(hong)(hong)佛(fo)(fo)子”。廉訪使王(wang)孝竭奉旨勘察災情。秀州屬重災區,但見當(dang)地(di)百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)各安生計,秩序(xu)井然,不像(xiang)其他災區那樣(yang)田園(yuan)荒蕪,百(bai)(bai)(bai)姓(xing)離鄉(xiang)背(bei)井,四出逃荒,農耕一時無法恢(hui)復。王(wang)孝竭得知洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)所為(wei),肅然欽佩(pei),不但沒有追(zhui)究其截留(liu)綱米之(zhi)(zhi)罪責,反而舉(ju)薦他升(sheng)任徽(hui)猷閣侍制(zhi)。在(zai)發水災后(hou)不久(jiu),又遇到(dao)了(le)秀州的(de)(de)(de)軍隊叛變,搶掠民眾,無一人得免(mian),只有經過(guo)洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)家(jia)(jia)門時說(shuo)(shuo)“:這(zhe)是洪(hong)(hong)佛(fo)(fo)子的(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia).”不敢(gan)侵犯.
建(jian)(jian)炎二(er)年(nian),洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)父親(qin)(qin)去世(shi),他回(hui)饒州(zhou)料理喪(sang)事。當時(shi),母親(qin)(qin)董(dong)氏及其孫都留在秀(xiu)州(zhou),洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)從(cong)饒州(zhou)返(fan)回(hui)秀(xiu)州(zhou)途中,路(lu)過杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou),這正(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)高宗(zong)遷至杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)以后不久。當時(shi)杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)發(fa)生“明受之(zhi)亂”剛(gang)(gang)剛(gang)(gang)平息,杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)的(de)秩序(xu)正(zheng)(zheng)在恢復的(de)時(shi)候,洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)從(cong)故鄉饒州(zhou)返(fan)回(hui)任(ren)所(suo),途中路(lu)經杭(hang)(hang)州(zhou)。高宗(zong)本(ben)打算暫時(shi)遷往建(jian)(jian)康(今南(nan)京市),但洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)上(shang)疏諫(jian)阻皇帝(di)。洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)堅(jian)決反對(dui)宋高宗(zong)的(de)退縮南(nan)遷,認(ren)為這只會助長金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)兵南(nan)侵的(de)氣(qi)焰。建(jian)(jian)炎三(san)年(nian)(1129年(nian))五(wu)月,趙構準備由揚州(zhou)再(zai)遷建(jian)(jian)康,在朝廷已(yi)定的(de)情(qing)況下,洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)冒忤逆(ni)之(zhi)罪,上(shang)書諫(jian)阻。他說(shuo),金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)兵正(zheng)(zheng)擬大(da)(da)舉(ju)南(nan)下,"若輕至建(jian)(jian)康,恐金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)人(ren)乘虛侵軼",建(jian)(jian)議(yi)"選(xuan)遣(qian)近臣前(qian)往經營(ying),俟告(gao)辦,回(hui)鑾未晚(wan)"。趙構見(jian)洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)洞察形(xing)勢,直言敢諫(jian),頗有見(jian)地,因此(ci)召(zhao)見(jian)了他。洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)接到召(zhao)見(jian)的(de)命(ming)令,不敢怠慢,匆忙(mang)來到建(jian)(jian)康。宰相(xiang)呂頤浩先與他交(jiao)談,見(jian)他對(dui)答如流(liu),很(hen)有學(xue)問,非(fei)常高興。見(jian)他身(shen)上(shang)還穿著黑色的(de)喪(sang)服,去見(jian)皇帝(di)不太吉利,便(bian)把自己的(de)衣巾解給他穿。趙構稱贊洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)說(shuo):"卿議(yi)論縱(zong)橫,熟(shu)于(yu)史(shi)傳(chuan),有專對(dui)之(zhi)才。朕方擇(ze)使(shi),無以易卿。”于(yu)是(shi),命(ming)洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)為大(da)(da)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)通問使(shi),假(代(dai)理)禮部尚書銜(xian),出使(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)國,商(shang)議(yi)和(he)(he)好,停(ting)止(zhi)戰爭。龔王(wang)壽為通問副使(shi),另有隨員11人(ren)。洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)被派(pai)出使(shi)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)國議(yi)和(he)(he),但金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)沒有議(yi)和(he)(he)之(zhi)意(yi),所(suo)以當時(shi)的(de)使(shi)節(jie)非(fei)常危(wei)險(xian)。“凡宋使(shi)者如(王(wang))倫及宇文虛中、魏(wei)行可(ke)、顧縱(zong)、張邵等,皆留之(zhi)不遣(qian)。”(《金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)史(shi)·王(wang)倫傳(chuan)》)
五月八(ba)日,洪皓(hao)(hao)從(cong)建(jian)康(kang)出發(fa)使(shi)(shi)金。途經淮南,當(dang)時這個(ge)地區社會秩序(xu)很亂(luan),軍賊(zei)李(li)(li)成(cheng)據泗州,靳(jin)賽據揚州,薛慶據高郵(you),叛(pan)服不常。洪皓(hao)(hao)根據高宗(zong)命令對這些人多加(jia)(jia)撫慰。他(ta)先寫信勸李(li)(li)成(cheng),不要(yao)攻打宋的(de)楚州。又讓李(li)(li)派兵(bing)護送(song)自己(ji)去(qu)金。李(li)(li)以(yi)軍食匱(kui)乏拒絕(jue),并大發(fa)牢(lao)騷(sao),說(shuo)朝廷待他(ta)太薄,不加(jia)(jia)撫諭。洪皓(hao)(hao)還打聽到李(li)(li)成(cheng)想要(yao)扣(kou)留(liu)自己(ji),便及時返回,向高宗(zong)報告李(li)(li)成(cheng)欲連(lian)絡(luo)靳(jin)薛,引(yin)兵(bing)建(jian)康(kang)的(de)新動向,建(jian)議(yi)派人優加(jia)(jia)撫諭,避免(mian)兵(bing)端。高宗(zong)采納建(jian)議(yi),派使(shi)(shi)者(zhe)送(song)去(qu)五萬斛大米,使(shi)(shi)建(jian)康(kang)的(de)形勢轉危(wei)為(wei)安。洪皓(hao)(hao)這種(zhong)達權(quan)知變處理問(wen)題的(de)舉(ju)措,應屬有功。但呂頤(yi)浩(hao)卻惱怒他(ta)不先稟告自己(ji),直接報告了皇帝,是目(mu)中無宰(zai)相.便借(jie)口他(ta)“稽留(liu)生事”,把他(ta)的(de)官職降了兩級。
洪皓沒有灰心,又(you)請轉道滁(chu)陽(yang)(今(jin)安(an)徽滁(chu)州)、壽(shou)春(今(jin)安(an)徽壽(shou)縣(xian))前往(wang)北方。于八月(yue)中旬渡淮,來到潁上,發現這里的道路仍然不(bu)很安(an)靜(jing),主要是以李閻羅、小張(zhang)俊為(wei)首的軍賊(zei)作梗。洪皓進入順(shun)昌 (今(jin)安(an)徽阜陽(yang))后,派人(ren)給(gei)他(ta)們送信說(shuo):“自古無白頭賊(zei)。”希望他(ta)們趁年青時為(wei)國家建功立(li)業,才(cai)能(neng)老有所終。做賊(zei),決非長久之計。二人(ren)聽了很受感動,立(li)即(ji)表示服從命令(ling),接(jie)受改編.領兵入衛。這件事(shi),看來做得還不(bu)錯。
洪(hong)皓(hao)帶著(zhu)高宗(zong)求(qiu)和的(de)(de)國書,大約在(zai)(zai)(zai)建炎三年(nian)的(de)(de)初冬到(dao)達太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)。這時,金兵正大舉南(nan)(nan)(nan)侵(qin),不(bu)久就渡(du)(du)淮渡(du)(du)江,直犯江浙,氣焰十分(fen)囂張,那肯(ken)接(jie)(jie)受(shou)和談(tan)。于(yu)是,洪(hong)皓(hao)等人便被羈(ji)留在(zai)(zai)(zai)太(tai)(tai)原(yuan)的(de)(de)使館中(zhong),僅有一(yi)名(ming)主簿接(jie)(jie)待,禮遇日薄,幾近(jin)一(yi)年(nian)。直到(dao)次(ci)年(nian)冬季,金兀術南(nan)(nan)(nan)侵(qin)兵敗,退回北(bei)方;改(gai)變(bian)策略扶(fu)持劉豫(yu)建立偽齊(qi);又派秦檜南(nan)(nan)(nan)歸之后,被金人扣(kou)留近(jin)一(yi)年(nian),第二年(nian)轉至云中(zhong)(今(jin)山西大同), 云中(zhong)是金朝的(de)(de)西京,左副元帥宗(zong)翰接(jie)(jie)見洪(hong)皓(hao),完顏宗(zong)翰不(bu)許洪(hong)皓(hao)請(qing)(qing)歸二帝(di)之要求(qiu),逼迫他到(dao)金廷操縱的(de)(de)偽齊(qi)劉豫(yu)政權(quan)去當官。洪(hong)皓(hao)嚴詞拒(ju)絕:“奉了皇(huang)上的(de)(de)使命,走了萬里的(de)(de)遠路,不(bu)能(neng)奉侍徽欽兩帝(di)南(nan)(nan)(nan)歸。我恨不(bu)得(de)把(ba)叛逆劉豫(yu)給殺了,哪里能(neng)忍受(shou)這種(zhong)屈(qu)辱來奉侍劉豫(yu),留在(zai)(zai)(zai)這也是死(si)。不(bu)奉侍劉豫(yu)也是死(si),不(bu)愿(yuan)像鼠(shu)狗一(yi)樣偷生,寧愿(yuan)下(xia)油鍋都在(zai)(zai)(zai)所不(bu)惜(xi)。”(《宋史·洪(hong)皓(hao)列傳》)完顏宗(zong)翰大怒,下(xia)令推出斬首(shou)。兩名(ming)壯士“執(zhi)劍夾承”,擁之以下(xia)。洪(hong)皓(hao)面不(bu)改(gai)色,從容而行。一(yi)位貴(gui)族見狀(zhuang),深受(shou)感動,不(bu)覺(jue)失聲說道:“真忠(zhong)臣(chen)也。”遂用(yong)目光制止劍士暫(zan)緩行刑(xing),并親(qin)自(zi)跪(gui)下(xia)請(qing)(qing)求(qiu)完顏宗(zong)翰免除(chu)洪(hong)皓(hao)一(yi)死(si)。完顏宗(zong)翰雖然免洪(hong)皓(hao)死(si),但把(ba)他流放到(dao)遙遠的(de)(de)冷山。 副使龔(gong)王壽害(hai)怕被殺,投降偽齊(qi)。
冷山(shan),在黃龍府(今(jin)吉(ji)林農安)北(bei),距離(li)金(jin)主的(de)(de)上(shang)(shang)京(今(jin)黑龍江阿城),只(zhi)有(you)(you)一百來里。由于地(di)勢極北(bei),氣候苦寒,四月春草方生,八(ba)(ba)月即已(yi)下雪,人戶(hu)稀(xi)少,僅(jin)(jin)有(you)(you)百家,穴地(di)而(er)(er)(er)居,洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)一行(xing)在金(jin)軍的(de)(de)押送(song)下行(xing)走了60天(tian)才到(dao)達冷山(shan)。一路上(shang)(shang),洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)始終抱著(zhu)大宋通問使(shi)的(de)(de)印符,打著(zhu)使(shi)臣的(de)(de)節旄艱難地(di)行(xing)進(jin),到(dao)達冷山(shan)后(hou),那里是女(nv)真(zhen)貴族(zu)(zu)家族(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)駐(zhu)地(di)。金(jin)國(guo)陳王(wang)完(wan)顏(yan)希尹(yin)常傲慢,漠視宋國(guo)使(shi)團。他(ta)要(yao)洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)獻(xian)進(jin)攻四川(chuan)的(de)(de)計策,洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)列舉很(hen)多事實告(gao)訴他(ta)宋軍防守堅(jian)固(gu),金(jin)軍是不可能取(qu)得四川(chuan)的(de)(de);并警告(gao)他(ta)“挑起戰爭(zheng)好比(bi)玩火,不要(yao)玩火自(zi)焚(fen)”。完(wan)顏(yan)希尹(yin)聽后(hou)大怒道:“你這個議(yi)和官,還(huan)如此(ci)嘴硬(ying),你以為(wei)(wei)我(wo)不能殺(sha)你嗎?”洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)仰天(tian)長笑道:“我(wo)非常清(qing)楚(chu)你要(yao)殺(sha)我(wo)。不過,為(wei)(wei)了使(shi)你不背(bei)‘殺(sha)來使(shi)’的(de)(de)千古罪名,我(wo)建議(yi)你將我(wo)投入(ru)(ru)水(shui)(shui)中(zhong),假(jia)說我(wo)失(shi)足墜(zhui)淵,以欺瞞世人耳目。”悟(wu)室雖然早有(you)(you)吞(tun)并中(zhong)原(yuan)的(de)(de)野(ye)心,但性情卻很(hen)剛直,聽了洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)這番話(hua)反(fan)而(er)(er)(er)認為(wei)(wei)洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)是條好漢,忠義可欽。同(tong)時(shi)又因為(wei)(wei)他(ta)久聞(wen)洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)文才出(chu)眾(zhong),就以禮相待,請(qing)他(ta)教自(zi)己的(de)(de)八(ba)(ba)個兒(er)子(zi)讀書(shu)學漢文。洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)教書(shu),經(jing)常出(chu)入(ru)(ru)希尹(yin)家中(zhong),希尹(yin)敬重其人格,欽佩其才識(shi),不僅(jin)(jin)叫(jiao)兒(er)孫們向他(ta)學習,自(zi)己也(ye)時(shi)常同(tong)他(ta)討(tao)論軍政國(guo)事,很(hen)重視他(ta)的(de)(de)一些(xie)建議(yi),希尹(yin)協助(zhu)熙宗(zong)制(zhi)定(ding)禮儀、制(zhi)度,多與洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)謀議(yi)。洪(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)"學有(you)(you)本源(yuan)",又在官場上(shang)(shang)生活多年,十分熟悉(xi)漢族(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)典章制(zhi)度,對希尹(yin)的(de)(de)改革影響很(hen)大。金(jin)熙宗(zong)的(de)(de)政治制(zhi)度改革,不僅(jin)(jin)極大地(di)加強了中(zhong)央(yang)集權的(de)(de)皇權統治,而(er)(er)(er)且對于輸(shu)入(ru)(ru)較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)漢族(zu)(zu)文化(hua),提高(gao)女(nv)真(zhen)族(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)文化(hua)水(shui)(shui)平,也(ye)發揮了積極的(de)(de)作用。
洪(hong)皓在冷山的(de)(de)生活是十分凄(qi)苦(ku)的(de)(de),穿著粗布衣裳,常用(yong)野菜充饑,還要自己動(dong)手上山砍柴。隆冬時(shi)節,大(da)雪封(feng)山,無法上山砍柴,只好(hao)四處奔(ben)波,拾取牛糞和馬糞來取暖做(zuo)飯。洪(hong)皓與當(dang)地廣大(da)女(nv)(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)族人(ren)民(min)一樣(yang),過著含辛茹苦(ku)的(de)(de)生活,這就大(da)大(da)地縮短了同當(dang)地勞動(dong)人(ren)民(min)之間(jian)的(de)(de)距離(li),給了他(ta)(ta)更多的(de)(de)接觸普通人(ren)的(de)(de)機會,增進了他(ta)(ta)同女(nv)(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)勞動(dong)人(ren)民(min)之間(jian)的(de)(de)思想感情(qing)。洪(hong)皓憎恨發動(dong)掠奪戰爭的(de)(de)女(nv)(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)貴(gui)族,熱愛勤勞勇敢的(de)(de)女(nv)(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)族勞動(dong)群(qun)眾,經(jing)常同他(ta)(ta)們應酬(chou)往(wang)來,促膝談心,同時(shi)還竭盡(jin)全力在女(nv)(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)族人(ren)民(min)中(zhong)間(jian)傳播漢(han)族文化。在教(jiao)授完顏(yan)希尹子弟讀書的(de)(de)同時(shi),還主動(dong)教(jiao)授普通群(qun)眾的(de)(de)子弟讀書。由(you)于(yu)當(dang)地生產水平(ping)比較低(di)下,人(ren)民(min)生活艱苦(ku),這些女(nv)(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)族子弟雖想學習,但無書可讀。洪(hong)皓吸(xi)取女(nv)(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)民(min)利用(yong)樺(hua)樹皮(pi)的(de)(de)豐富經(jing)驗,同女(nv)(nv)(nv)真(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)人(ren)民(min)上山一起剝來潔白柔軟的(de)(de)樺(hua)皮(pi)、曬干當(dang)紙用(yong)。洪(hong)皓憑著記(ji)憶,在樺(hua)皮(pi)書葉(xie)上默寫(xie)下《論語》、《孟(meng)子》、《大(da)學》、《中(zhong)庸》的(de)(de)全文,作為(wei)(wei)課本,教(jiao)授村(cun)人(ren)子弟讀書,這有名的(de)(de)“樺(hua)葉(xie)四書”,成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)千古相(xiang)傳的(de)(de)民(min)族史(shi)佳(jia)話。
建(jian)炎四(si)年(nian)(nian)(1130年(nian)(nian))以(yi)(yi)后,金(jin)強宋(song)(song)弱的(de)(de)(de)形勢開始逐步向(xiang)宋(song)(song)強金(jin)弱方(fang)(fang)面轉化。到(dao)了(le)紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)(xing)七年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)八年(nian)(nian)間(1137—1138年(nian)(nian)),宋(song)(song)強金(jin)弱的(de)(de)(de)形勢開始形成,金(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)遂有(you)議(yi)(yi)和(he)思想。以(yi)(yi)宗盤、撻懶等人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)首的(de)(de)(de)一派(pai)(pai),主張在(zai)(zai)交還南(nan)宋(song)(song)河(he)南(nan)、陜(shan)西地(di)的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件下(xia)與(yu)(yu)宋(song)(song)講和(he),并(bing)于(yu)紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)(xing)八年(nian)(nian)與(yu)(yu)南(nan)宋(song)(song)簽訂了(le)和(he)議(yi)(yi)。在(zai)(zai)議(yi)(yi)和(he)期間,完(wan)(wan)顏希尹(yin)曾就(jiu)所議(yi)(yi)十事征求(qiu)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)意見(jian)(jian)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)條(tiao)分縷析,完(wan)(wan)顏希尹(yin)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)說得(de)實在(zai)(zai),并(bing)沒(mei)有(you)誑他(ta)(ta)(ta),遂于(yu)紹(shao)(shao)興(xing)(xing)十年(nian)(nian)(1140年(nian)(nian))帶(dai)領(ling)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)趕赴燕京(今(jin)北(bei)(bei)京),意欲遣洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)歸宋(song)(song)進行(xing)議(yi)(yi)和(he)。但(dan)(dan)在(zai)(zai)是否需要在(zai)(zai)歸宋(song)(song)河(he)南(nan)、陜(shan)西地(di)的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件下(xia)與(yu)(yu)宋(song)(song)議(yi)(yi)和(he)的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題上,金(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)內部存在(zai)(zai)著嚴(yan)重分歧。以(yi)(yi)完(wan)(wan)顏宗弼(bi)(兀術)為(wei)代表的(de)(de)(de)一派(pai)(pai)堅(jian)決反對交還,后來聯合完(wan)(wan)顏希尹(yin),殺了(le)宗盤、撻懶等人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),重新發動了(le)攻宋(song)(song)戰(zhan)爭。完(wan)(wan)顏宗弼(bi)殺了(le)撻懶等人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)后,又殺了(le)完(wan)(wan)顏希尹(yin)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)因與(yu)(yu)完(wan)(wan)顏希尹(yin)有(you)過異論,才幸(xing)免于(yu)難。 不(bu)久(jiu),洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)一行(xing)又被(bei)移(yi)至(zhi)云中。在(zai)(zai)云中洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)探(tan)知徽、欽(qin)二帝被(bei)移(yi)囚(qiu)于(yu)五(wu)國城(在(zai)(zai)今(jin)黑龍江省東北(bei)(bei)角),便遣密使攜帶(dai)書信去見(jian)(jian)二帝,并(bing)將金(jin)國人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)送給(gei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)(de)桃、梨、粟、果、粉帶(dai)去慰(wei)問(wen)被(bei)囚(qiu)二帝。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)久(jiu)拘北(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang),雖然生活(huo)條(tiao)件十分艱苦,但(dan)(dan)他(ta)(ta)(ta)急(ji)公好義,仍然對身陷(xian)艱危苦難中的(de)(de)(de)同胞們盡力(li)幫助。皇親(qin)趙伯(bo)璘(lin)夫(fu)婦(fu)被(bei)掠(lve)為(wei)希尹(yin)的(de)(de)(de)奴隸,他(ta)(ta)(ta)多次給(gei)予(yu)周濟。名臣范鎮的(de)(de)(de)孫子(zi)為(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)傭奴,他(ta)(ta)(ta)用蘇軾稱贊范鎮的(de)(de)(de)文章為(wei)證,請予(yu)優待釋(shi)放。大將劉光世的(de)(de)(de)女兒(er)為(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)養豬(zhu),他(ta)(ta)(ta)設法贖身嫁給(gei)衣冠之(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。被(bei)金(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)擄(lu)去的(de)(de)(de)北(bei)(bei)宋(song)(song)官宦(huan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)家的(de)(de)(de)子(zi)女淪為(wei)奴隸,被(bei)他(ta)(ta)(ta)力(li)拔而出的(de)(de)(de)有(you)數十人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)多。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)千方(fang)(fang)百計地(di)與(yu)(yu)金(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)中的(de)(de)(de)友好人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)士多方(fang)(fang)斡旋,雖然費盡周折,但(dan)(dan)他(ta)(ta)(ta)都想辦(ban)法為(wei)之(zhi)(zhi)開釋(shi)。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)的(de)(de)(de)同鄉同窗隴州功曹石(shi)昉于(yu)靖康事變時在(zai)(zai)陜(shan)西隴州戰(zhan)斗中被(bei)金(jin)兵(bing)俘(fu)獲,不(bu)肯投降(jiang)被(bei)長期囚(qiu)禁。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)到(dao)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)(fang)后,也想了(le)很多辦(ban)法予(yu)以(yi)(yi)營救,然而沒(mei)有(you)成功,后來,石(shi)昉在(zai)(zai)絳(jiang)州(今(jin)山(shan)西新絳(jiang)縣)殉國。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)這種急(ji)公好義的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)深得(de)漢(han)族和(he)女真族人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)贊譽(yu)、敬仰(yang)。
在(zai)燕(yan)京,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)見到了(le)(le)(le)昔(xi)日好(hao)友宇(yu)文虛中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),宇(yu)文虛中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)被(bei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)人扣留(liu)(liu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)當了(le)(le)(le)金(jin)(jin)(jin)朝(chao)(chao)大官(guan)。見到洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)以后(hou)(hou)(hou),宇(yu)文虛中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)勸他(ta)(ta)(ta)留(liu)(liu)在(zai)金(jin)(jin)(jin)朝(chao)(chao)當官(guan),并積(ji)極向金(jin)(jin)(jin)熙宗(zong)推薦。金(jin)(jin)(jin)熙宗(zong)表示可(ke)以任(ren)為(wei)翰林直學(xue)士,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)堅辭(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)就。金(jin)(jin)(jin)人不(bu)(bu)(bu)甘心,換官(guan)時(shi)仍(reng)讓洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)就職。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)請求允(yun)許(xu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)到臨近宋(song)的(de)(de)(de)真定(今(jin)(jin)河北(bei)正定)、大名(ming)(今(jin)(jin)河北(bei)大名(ming))等(deng)地“自養”,以便尋(xun)機(ji)逃回(hui)(hui)宋(song)朝(chao)(chao)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)朝(chao)(chao)參(can)政韓(han)昉看出了(le)(le)(le)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)意圖(tu),讓洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)任(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)京(今(jin)(jin)內蒙古寧城(cheng)西大明城(cheng))副留(liu)(liu)守,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)堅決不(bu)(bu)(bu)允(yun)。金(jin)(jin)(jin)人又降其官(guan)為(wei)留(liu)(liu)司(si)判(pan)官(guan),并催促他(ta)(ta)(ta)盡快(kuai)起行,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)置之不(bu)(bu)(bu)理(li),誓(shi)死(si)不(bu)(bu)(bu)就。金(jin)(jin)(jin)人見高官(guan)厚祿留(liu)(liu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)住洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao),又想出了(le)(le)(le)新的(de)(de)(de)辦法(fa)(fa)。根(gen)據金(jin)(jin)(jin)法(fa)(fa)規定,雖(sui)未(wei)任(ren)金(jin)(jin)(jin)官(guan),但(dan)只要被(bei)金(jin)(jin)(jin)人任(ren)使,則(ze)“永不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)歸”。韓(han)昉為(wei)了(le)(le)(le)留(liu)(liu)下洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao),遂(sui)令其“校云(yun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)進士試”。洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)深知其意,裝病(bing)力辭(ci)。但(dan)韓(han)昉不(bu)(bu)(bu)允(yun),洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)只得前往云(yun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。到了(le)(le)(le)云(yun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以后(hou)(hou)(hou),他(ta)(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)履行職責(ze),對院(yuan)官(guan)說:“今(jin)(jin)取士以詩賦,吾故(gu)學(xue)經(jing)耳。”云(yun)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)院(yuan)官(guan)和(he)考(kao)官(guan)沒(mei)有辦法(fa)(fa),只好(hao)將洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)送(song)(song)回(hui)(hui)燕(yan)京。在(zai)燕(yan)京期間(jian),他(ta)(ta)(ta)一(yi)直關心宋(song)朝(chao)(chao)的(de)(de)(de)發展和(he)強大。當聽(ting)說完(wan)顏宗(zong)弼在(zai)順昌(今(jin)(jin)安徽阜陽)被(bei)劉锜打敗而宋(song)朝(chao)(chao)卻撤兵的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)息以后(hou)(hou)(hou),寫(xie)了(le)(le)(le)數萬言的(de)(de)(de)秘信,謂:“順昌之役,金(jin)(jin)(jin)人震(zhen)懼奪魄(po)。燕(yan)山珍寶盡徙以北(bei),意欲(yu)捐燕(yan)以南(nan)棄之。王師亟還,自失(shi)機(ji)會。今(jin)(jin)再舉(ju)尚可(ke)。次年(nian)(nian)(nian)夏,他(ta)(ta)(ta)又設法(fa)(fa)求得囚禁中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皇太(tai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)手書(shu),派人送(song)(song)回(hui)(hui),高宗(zong)大喜說:“不(bu)(bu)(bu)知太(tai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)安寧與否(fou)快(kuai)二十(shi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)了(le)(le)(le),過去派遣使者雖(sui)多,不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)得此(ci)一(yi)書(shu)。(《宋(song)史·洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)列(lie)傳》)此(ci)后(hou)(hou)(hou)又多次送(song)(song)秘信。”直到紹(shao)興十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(nian),宋(song)金(jin)(jin)(jin)簽訂《和(he)約(yue)》,南(nan)北(bei)罷兵,開放互市榷場,甚至皇太(tai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)也準許(xu)回(hui)(hui)朝(chao)(chao),但(dan)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)等(deng)議和(he)的(de)(de)(de)使者仍(reng)被(bei)拘留(liu)(liu),遲(chi)遲(chi)沒(mei)有放還的(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)息。又過了(le)(le)(le)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)多,紹(shao)興十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1143年(nian)(nian)(nian)),金(jin)(jin)(jin)熙宗(zong)喜得貴(gui)子(zi),大赦天下,允(yun)許(xu)宋(song)朝(chao)(chao)使者回(hui)(hui)歸,洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)皓(hao)(hao)(hao)(hao)與張邵、朱弁等(deng)都在(zai)被(bei)赦之列(lie)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)們剛(gang)一(yi)起程,便有人向金(jin)(jin)(jin)主報(bao)告(gao)說:“這種人若放了(le)(le)(le),幾時(shi)更(geng)有?今(jin)(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)留(liu)(liu)為(wei)我用,后(hou)(hou)(hou)必成為(wei)我患。”金(jin)(jin)(jin)主悔悟,馬上(shang)派人追(zhui)(zhui)趕,但(dan)回(hui)(hui)報(bao)說已經(jing)遠去,無法(fa)(fa)追(zhui)(zhui)回(hui)(hui),只得罷了(le)(le)(le)。
著有(you)文(wen)(wen)集五十卷(juan)(juan)及《帝王勇要》、《姓(xing)氏指南(nan)》、《松漠紀(ji)聞(wen)》、《金國文(wen)(wen)具錄》等書(shu)(shu)。有(you)文(wen)(wen)集五十卷(juan)(juan)等,已(yi)佚。清四(si)庫(ku)館臣據《永(yong)樂(le)大典》輯(ji)為(wei)《鄱(po)陽集》四(si)卷(juan)(juan),另有(you)《松漠紀(ji)聞(wen)》二卷(juan)(juan)行世。事見《盤(pan)洲文(wen)(wen)集》卷(juan)(juan)七(qi)四(si)《先君述》,《宋史》卷(juan)(juan)三七(qi)三有(you)傳。洪(hong)皓(hao)詩,以(yi)影印文(wen)(wen)淵閣《四(si)庫(ku)全書(shu)(shu)·鄱(po)陽集》為(wei)底(di)本(ben),酌校(xiao)他書(shu)(shu)。新輯(ji)集外詩附(fu)于卷(juan)(juan)末(mo)。
脫(tuo)脫(tuo):孔子云:"使(shi)于四方(fang),不辱君命,可謂士矣(yi)。"當建炎(yan)、紹興之(zhi)際,凡使(shi)金者,如探(tan)虎口,能全節(jie)而(er)歸,若朱弁(bian)、張邵、洪(hong)皓其庶幾乎,望之(zhi)不足議(yi)(yi)也(ye)。皓留北十(shi)五年,忠(zhong)節(jie)尤(you)著,高宗謂蘇武不能過,誠哉。然竟以忤(wu)秦(qin)檜謫死(si),悲(bei)夫!其子適(shi)(shi)、遵、邁(mai)相繼登詞科,文(wen)名滿天下(xia),適(shi)(shi)位極臺輔,而(er)邁(mai)文(wen)學尤(you)高,立朝議(yi)(yi)論最多(duo),所謂忠(zhong)議(yi)(yi)之(zhi)報(bao),詎不信(xin)夫。
謝肇淛:宋之(zhi)人物,若王沂公、李(li)文(wen)(wen)正(zheng)、司馬溫公之(zhi)相業,寇萊公、趙忠(zhong)定(ding)之(zhi)應變,韓魏公之(zhi)德量,李(li)綱、宗澤之(zhi)撥(bo)亂(luan),狄青、曹瑋、岳飛、韓世忠(zhong)之(zhi)將(jiang)略,程明(ming)道、朱(zhu)晦庵之(zhi)真(zhen)儒,歐陽永叔(shu)、蘇子瞻(zhan)之(zhi)文(wen)(wen)章,洪忠(zhong)宣(洪皓)、文(wen)(wen)信國(文(wen)(wen)天祥)之(zhi)忠(zhong)義,皆(jie)灼(zhuo)無可議,而且(qie)有(you)用(yong)于(yu)時者,其它瑕瑜(yu)不掩,蓋(gai)難言之(zhi)矣。