廖(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(1350——1413),字(zi)兆(zhao)保(bao),號(hao)玉峰,江(jiang)西省(sheng)興國縣梅窖鄉三僚村人(ren)。明永樂八(ba)年(nian)(nian),以建明十三陵(ling)之長陵(ling)有功(gong),被封為(wei)欽天監靈臺(tai)博(bo)士(shi)。撰有《行程記》等。永樂五(wu)年(nian)(nian),由禮部尚書(shu)趙(zhao)羾引均(jun)(jun)卿入(ru)京選擇(ze)陵(ling)址。時(shi)經兩年(nian)(nian),終于擇(ze)取北(bei)京西郊昌平東北(bei)的黃土山為(wei)陵(ling)區(qu)。于是(shi)成(cheng)祖即日車駕臨視,封為(wei)天壽山,并授(shou)均(jun)(jun)卿為(wei)靈臺(tai)博(bo)士(shi),開始建陵(ling)。陵(ling)寢(qin)建成(cheng),均(jun)(jun)卿不(bu)(bu)愿再封官受金,成(cheng)祖便賜其(qi)紙扇一柄,并題詩云:“江(jiang)西一老叟(sou),腹(fu)內藏星斗。斷下(xia)金石鯉,果中神仙口。賜官官不(bu)(bu)要,賜金金不(bu)(bu)受。賜爾(er)一清風,任卿天下(xia)走(zou)(zou)。”此(ci)之后北(bei)京故宮大皇城的勘測也出自(zi)于廖(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿之手。廖(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿因此(ci)被皇帝(di)以四品職銜(xian)供養至(zhi)老死,他的墓(mu)地至(zhi)今還在三僚村的半山腰上。這座蘊蕆著很(hen)多奧秘的古代墓(mu)穴,走(zou)(zou)勢猶如猛(meng)虎下(xia)山,氣宇軒昂。1984年(nian)(nian)廖(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿墓(mu)被確(que)定為(wei)興國縣文物保(bao)護單(dan)位。
精通風水
據《興國(guo)衣錦三(san)(san)(san)僚廖氏族(zu)譜》記載,明(ming)(ming)永樂(le)五(wu)年(nian)(1407年(nian)),明(ming)(ming)成祖(zu)的(de)(de)徐(xu)皇(huang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)病故,明(ming)(ming)成祖(zu)早已想遷都北京,便將(jiang)徐(xu)皇(huang)后(hou)(hou)(hou)棺材暫時安放于(yu)南京的(de)(de)皇(huang)宮內,命令(ling)禮部尚書(shu)趙(zhao)羾等大臣(chen),遍訪(fang)精通風(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)人(ren)士。當(dang)時訪(fang)得江西贛州府興國(guo)縣三(san)(san)(san)僚村的(de)(de)廖均卿,因他的(de)(de)先(xian)祖(zu)廖三(san)(san)(san)傳是(shi)唐朝著名風(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)大師(shi)楊(yang)救貧(pin)的(de)(de)傳人(ren),廖均卿被召(zhao)傳南京后(hou)(hou)(hou),先(xian)察看了(le)在南京的(de)(de)孝陵風(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)之后(hou)(hou)(hou),便到(dao)北京找(zhao)風(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)寶地(di)(di),察看了(le)京西燕(yan)臺驛(yi)、玉(yu)(yu)泉(quan)山、譚柘寺、香(xiang)山,又察看了(le)京北的(de)(de)陽山茶湖嶺(ling)和懷柔的(de)(de)洪羅山、百葉山,先(xian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)又察看了(le)辛家(jia)莊、斧口、谷山、文家(jia)莊、石門(men)驛(yi)、湯泉(quan)、禪(chan)峰寺,遍鑒了(le)京郊之后(hou)(hou)(hou),于(yu)永樂(le)五(wu)年(nian)六(liu)月(yue)(yue)初一前(qian)往昌平黃(huang)土山(即(ji)后(hou)(hou)(hou)來的(de)(de)天壽山十三(san)(san)(san)陵所在地(di)(di))登高(gao)縱目,見該處風(feng)(feng)水(shui)(shui)絕妙,為(wei)他處所不及,便繪(hui)成地(di)(di)圖(tu),于(yu)八(ba)月(yue)(yue)初一日到(dao)南京上朝,獻上地(di)(di)圖(tu),并建議明(ming)(ming)成祖(zu)親(qin)臨黃(huang)土山觀察,希望明(ming)(ming)成祖(zu)“高(gao)張慧目,廣邁皇(huang)風(feng)(feng)”,并說,如(ru)將(jiang)皇(huang)陵定于(yu)此處,則“玉(yu)(yu)燭清明(ming)(ming),并三(san)(san)(san)辰而永耀;金符浩蕩,亙萬(wan)古以長存:國(guo)祚無疆,邦(bang)家(jia)有慶”。
初見皇陵
明成祖(zu)聽了非常高(gao)興,決定(ding)(ding)(ding)初(chu)八日吉(ji)辰與各風水師(shi)一(yi)同往(wang)黃(huang)土山(shan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)穴(xue)位。當時(shi)還有另外(wai)兩名(ming)(ming)知(zhi)名(ming)(ming)風水大(da)師(shi)王(wang)侃(kan)、巫涯,他(ta)們也(ye)各自上了奏本(ben)。明成祖(zu)在比較之(zhi)后,決定(ding)(ding)(ding)采(cai)納廖(liao)均(jun)卿建議。初(chu)八日半夜子時(shi),明成祖(zu)將幾位風水大(da)師(shi)召到(dao)面前,說王(wang)侃(kan)、巫涯所定(ding)(ding)(ding)穴(xue)位不對,廖(liao)均(jun)卿所定(ding)(ding)(ding)穴(xue)位最好,當時(shi)賞賜了廖(liao)均(jun)卿金劍一(yi)把、銀鋤(chu)一(yi)張,讓他(ta)去(qu)點穴(xue),隨及開挖了金井(就(jiu)是埋棺材的(de)穴(xue)位),同時(shi),明成祖(zu)下令將黃(huang)土山(shan)改(gai)名(ming)(ming)為天壽山(shan),便高(gao)高(gao)興興回南京去(qu)了。
建造故事
到(dao)了永樂(le)八(ba)年,明成(cheng)祖(zu)又召見諸位(wei)風水(shui)(shui)大師,問(wen)(wen)天(tian)(tian)壽山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)皇(huang)陵的(de)穴(xue)位(wei)工程(cheng)進展(zhan)如何(he)?眾(zhong)大臣(chen)奏道,廖(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)戲(xi)弄朝(chao)廷,他挖(wa)傷了地(di)脈,穴(xue)位(wei)涌泉不止(zhi)。明成(cheng)祖(zu)就(jiu)(jiu)問(wen)(wen)廖(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)這是(shi)怎么回(hui)事?廖(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)說(shuo),這是(shi)真龍的(de)聚處(chu),穴(xue)法無偏,只(zhi)要(yao)皇(huang)帝(di)親(qin)臨(lin)其處(chu),泉水(shui)(shui)立即(ji)停(ting)止(zhi)。明成(cheng)祖(zu)一(yi)聽覺得很是(shi)神奇,便(bian)叫大臣(chen)們看了一(yi)個好日子,帶了文武官員和廖(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)等人從南京(jing)出發(fa)前(qian)往北京(jing)天(tian)(tian)壽山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。但明成(cheng)祖(zu)到(dao)了穴(xue)位(wei)之(zhi)處(chu),看見泉水(shui)(shui)依然在噴,龍顏(yan)大怒(nu),責問(wen)(wen)廖(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)為何(he)戲(xi)弄于他。廖(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)不慌不忙回(hui)答說(shuo):我還沒有喝(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)呢,只(zhi)要(yao)臣(chen)幾聲一(yi)喊(han),把羅盤(pan)下地(di)一(yi)照,泉水(shui)(shui)便(bian)會(hui)立即(ji)停(ting)止(zhi)。明成(cheng)祖(zu)說(shuo),那就(jiu)(jiu)依你所奏,快快喝(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。廖(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)當(dang)即(ji)擺好架式,向山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)上喝(he)道:“山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)家二十四向,土地(di)、龍祖(zu)、天(tian)(tian)星(xing)、地(di)曜、二十八(ba)宿,祖(zu)師楊救貧、曾文山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),廖(liao)禹公(gong),今廖(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿(qing)為永樂(le)圣(sheng)主(zhu)(zhu)立萬(wan)年之(zhi)基業(ye),千載之(zhi)皇(huang)陵,萬(wan)里山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)河皆(jie)歸圣(sheng)主(zhu)(zhu),現在皇(huang)帝(di)御駕親(qin)臨(lin),著(zhu)令泉水(shui)(shui)立即(ji)停(ting)止(zhi),如改違(wei)抗(kang),是(shi)為逆天(tian)(tian)大罪,必受天(tian)(tian)譴。”
故事結局
說來(lai)也(ye)怪,廖(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿還(huan)未喊完,金井內(nei)的泉(quan)水(shui)果然立(li)即(ji)停止。明(ming)(ming)(ming)成祖龍心大悅(yue),正待(dai)賞(shang)賜,卻(que)見廖(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿又奏(zou)到(dao)(dao),泉(quan)下三尺,有石(shi)盆一(yi)個,石(shi)鯉(li)魚一(yi)對(dui),請萬歲立(li)即(ji)下令開挖(wa),明(ming)(ming)(ming)成祖當(dang)即(ji)下令往下探挖(wa),挖(wa)到(dao)(dao)三尺,果然挖(wa)出。這時,明(ming)(ming)(ming)成祖不斷(duan)說道:“神了(le)!神了(le)!廖(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿非凡人,誠乃(nai)仙風道骨,喊山山應,喊水(shui)水(shui)止,真(zhen)乃(nai)朕之(zhi)奇(qi)遇(yu)也(ye)。”隨即(ji)下令賜廖(liao)均(jun)(jun)卿欽天監(jian)五品(pin)靈臺博(bo)士官。