青(qing)荷藕表(biao)皮藕銹(xiu)少、白嫩、光澤度好,肉質細(xi)膩、清脆爽口、甘甜無渣;黃熟藕淀粉含量高,熟食粉糯香甜。
長興縣地(di)質構造復雜,境內(nei)地(di)層從志留系(xi)(xi)(除三(san)系(xi)(xi))至第四系(xi)(xi)均有(you)(you)出露。呂山鄉位于長興縣東南部平原(yuan)(yuan)?區,為(wei)浙北低山丘陵(ling)向太湖西(xi)岸平原(yuan)(yuan)過渡的區域,地(di)勢(shi)東低西(xi)高,屬水(shui)網平原(yuan)(yuan)地(di)貌,全鄉總(zong)面積3850公頃,下轄9個行政村,耕地(di)1758公頃,塘面459公頃,桑(sang)地(di)288公頃,物(wu)產豐(feng)富,素(su)有(you)(you)“魚米之鄉”之稱,也(ye)是久(jiu)負盛名的“水(shui)產之鄉、蠶(can)桑(sang)之鄉”。
胥倉(cang)雪(xue)藕農產品(pin)地理標(biao)(biao)志地域保(bao)(bao)護(hu)范(fan)圍(wei)為(wei):長興縣呂山鄉,轄呂山、楊(yang)吳、呂虹(hong)、土斗門、雁陶、金村(cun)、南楊(yang)、胥倉(cang)、龍(long)溪9個行政村(cun)。地理坐標(biao)(biao)為(wei)東經119°53′7.61″~119°57′52.93″,北緯30°52′8.28″~30°56′6.65″間。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區域面積3850公(gong)(gong)頃,其中蓮藕面積267公(gong)(gong)頃,年產量(liang)6000噸(dun)。
青荷藕(ou)表(biao)皮藕(ou)銹(xiu)少、白嫩、光澤(ze)度好(hao),肉質(zhi)細膩、清(qing)脆爽(shuang)口、甘甜無渣;黃熟(shu)藕(ou)淀(dian)粉(fen)(fen)含(han)量(liang)高,熟(shu)食粉(fen)(fen)糯香甜。青荷藕(ou)淀(dian)粉(fen)(fen)含(han)量(liang)大于1.0 g/100g,總糖含(han)量(liang)大于3.0g/100g,粗纖維含(han)量(liang)小于1%,氨基(ji)酸總量(liang)大于0.6%。生產、貯(zhu)運、銷售(shou)過程中,應(ying)嚴格執行(xing)“雙塘雪藕(ou)栽培技術(shu)規程”浙(zhe)江(jiang)省(sheng)湖州市地方標準,確保產品質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全,并做(zuo)好(hao)生產、銷售(shou)等(deng)相關記錄(lu)。
胥(xu)倉雪(xue)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)栽培的(de)(de)(de)(de)環境(jing)技(ji)術條件(jian)應符合NY/T5010要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。選擇水(shui)(shui)源充足、水(shui)(shui)流緩(huan)慢、漲(zhang)落(luo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)穩(wen)、排(pai)灌便(bian)利、保水(shui)(shui)性(xing)好、保肥(fei)(fei)性(xing)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)塘(tang),耕(geng)作(zuo)(zuo)層深度(du)≥40cm,pH值5.5~7.5。品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選擇:胥(xu)倉雪(xue)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)‘浙湖一(yi)號(hao)(hao)’、‘飄花(hua)’、‘鄂蓮(lian)6號(hao)(hao)’。定植(zhi)時間(jian):清明前(qian)(qian)(qian)后日平(ping)(ping)(ping)均氣溫(wen)升(sheng)到13℃左(zuo)右時開始(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)塘(tang)準備(bei):種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)前(qian)(qian)(qian)1~2天耖耙,平(ping)(ping)(ping)整土壤。一(yi)般魚塘(tang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)蓮(lian)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)第一(yi)年可不施基(ji)肥(fei)(fei),新開塘(tang)、連作(zuo)(zuo)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)塘(tang)施用(yong)(yong)(yong)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)料作(zuo)(zuo)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei),每畝(mu)(mu)施用(yong)(yong)(yong)腐熟(shu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)1500kg~2000kg和復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)30kg~50kg。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)選擇:選用(yong)(yong)(yong)頂芽(ya)完(wan)(wan)整,具有(you)2~3個完(wan)(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)(de)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)節、無病斑,無機械損(sun)傷(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)子(zi)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)作(zuo)(zuo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)。定植(zhi)方法:排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)保持淺水(shui)(shui)3cm~5cm,斜(xie)植(zhi),栽植(zhi)深度(du)10cm~20cm,藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)頭向(xiang)下呈(cheng)20°~30°傾(qing)斜(xie),后節略翹起。定植(zhi)密(mi)度(du):因栽培條件(jian)和品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)而異(yi)。早熟(shu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宜密(mi)植(zhi),中(zhong)晚熟(shu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)宜稀。一(yi)般行株距1.5m×1.5m,每穴栽1支(zhi)或2支(zhi)。肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)理:立葉(xie)(xie)抽(chou)生初(chu)期,每畝(mu)(mu)施尿素10kg~15kg;結藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)初(chu)期,每畝(mu)(mu)施復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)20kg~30kg。封行前(qian)(qian)(qian),保持淺水(shui)(shui)10cm~15cm,提高(gao)土溫(wen),促(cu)進(jin)萌發(fa);隨著氣溫(wen)升(sheng)高(gao),蓮(lian)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)發(fa)生分枝、出現立葉(xie)(xie),逐漸(jian)加深水(shui)(shui)位至20cm~35cm;展葉(xie)(xie)后至結藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)前(qian)(qian)(qian),水(shui)(shui)位加深至80cm;結藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)時水(shui)(shui)位適當放淺,促(cu)進(jin)蓮(lian)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)膨大(da)。采(cai)收:宜在主(zhu)(zhu)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)形成2~3個膨大(da)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)節時開始(shi)采(cai)收嫩(nen)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou),葉(xie)(xie)片黃熟(shu)后采(cai)收老熟(shu)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou),一(yi)直可采(cai)收到翌年春季萌芽(ya)前(qian)(qian)(qian)。主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)病蟲(chong):主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)病害(hai)(hai)有(you)褐斑病、腐敗病等,主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)有(you)蓮(lian)縊管(guan)蚜、斜(xie)紋(wen)夜(ye)蛾(e)、福壽螺等。防(fang)治(zhi)原(yuan)則:遵循“預(yu)防(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),綜合防(fang)治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)保方針,優先采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業防(fang)治(zhi)、物(wu)理防(fang)治(zhi)、生物(wu)防(fang)治(zhi),科學使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)效低(di)毒(du)(du)低(di)殘留化學農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業防(fang)治(zhi):采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無病種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou),及時清園(yuan)消(xiao)毒(du)(du),合理輪作(zuo)(zuo),選用(yong)(yong)(yong)無病種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藕(ou)(ou)(ou)(ou)等。殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈誘(you)殺(sha):用(yong)(yong)(yong)殺(sha)蟲(chong)燈誘(you)殺(sha)斜(xie)紋(wen)夜(ye)蛾(e)等害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)。性(xing)誘(you)劑誘(you)捕(bu):將斜(xie)紋(wen)夜(ye)蛾(e)性(xing)信息素(性(xing)誘(you)劑)放置(zhi)于(yu)誘(you)捕(bu)器中(zhong),誘(you)捕(bu)器懸掛在植(zhi)株上方25cm~30cm處,每畝(mu)(mu)放置(zhi)誘(you)捕(bu)器1~2個。藥(yao)劑防(fang)治(zhi):農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)應符合GB/T8321、NY/T1276要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。優先使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)生物(wu)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao),輪換選用(yong)(yong)(yong)高(gao)效、低(di)毒(du)(du)、低(di)殘留的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao),禁止使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)國家明令禁止使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)和高(gao)毒(du)(du)、劇毒(du)(du)、高(gao)殘留的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。