湖(hu)州桑基塘魚(yu)外形似野生魚(yu),魚(yu)腥(xing)(xing)味淡,無(wu)土腥(xing)(xing)味。
湖(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)市(shi)地(di)處(chu)浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)北部,太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)岸,是一個河(he)流成(cheng)網、交(jiao)通方便、土壤肥(fei)沃(wo),適宜發展作(zuo)物種植和(he)(he)水(shui)產(chan)養殖(zhi)等(deng)綜(zong)合(he)性農業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)區。全(quan)市(shi)地(di)勢(shi)大致由(you)西南(nan)向東(dong)(dong)北傾斜,西部多(duo)山(shan),東(dong)(dong)部為(wei)(wei)平(ping)原水(shui)網區。京(jing)杭(hang)大運河(he)及東(dong)(dong)、西苕溪,杭(hang)寧、申蘇浙(zhe)皖、申嘉湖(hu)(hu)(hu)高速及104、318國道(dao)等(deng)貫穿。獨(du)(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)網區域和(he)(he)水(shui)陸交(jiao)接環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing),給湖(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)綜(zong)合(he)種養生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)提供了優越的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)條件(jian),形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了獨(du)(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“湖(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)桑(sang)(sang)基(ji)(ji)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)魚(yu)(yu)”生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)模(mo)式。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候類(lei)型(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)亞熱(re)(re)帶季(ji)風性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候,生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)類(lei)型(xing)(xing)屬(shu)于(yu)中國太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)南(nan)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低洼(wa)濕(shi)地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統,為(wei)(wei)中國典(dian)型(xing)(xing)江(jiang)(jiang)南(nan)水(shui)鄉(xiang)特(te)征。保護范圍內特(te)點是:季(ji)風顯著,四(si)季(ji)分明;氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)和(he)(he),空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)濕(shi)潤;光溫(wen)(wen)同步,日(ri)照充(chong)沛;雨熱(re)(re)同季(ji),降水(shui)充(chong)沛。全(quan)市(shi)年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)12.2~17.3℃,最(zui)冷(leng)為(wei)(wei)一月,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-0.4~5.5℃,最(zui)熱(re)(re)為(wei)(wei)七月,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)24.4~30.8℃。獨(du)(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候條件(jian)和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)非常適合(he)種桑(sang)(sang)、養蠶(can)和(he)(he)養魚(yu)(yu),養殖(zhi)與種植的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有機結(jie)合(he)形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了湖(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)桑(sang)(sang)基(ji)(ji)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)魚(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)色。“浙(zhe)江(jiang)(jiang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)桑(sang)(sang)基(ji)(ji)魚(yu)(yu)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)系(xi)統”形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)起源(yuan)于(yu)春秋戰(zhan)國時期(qi),至今有2500多(duo)年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史。湖(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)境(jing)(jing)內河(he)流縱橫(heng),湖(hu)(hu)(hu)河(he)港汊縱橫(heng)密布。千(qian)百年(nian)來,區域內勞動人民因地(di)制(zhi)宜修(xiu)筑“縱浦(溇港)橫(heng)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)”水(shui)利(li)排灌工程,將地(di)勢(shi)低下、常年(nian)積(ji)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)洼(wa)地(di)挖深變(bian)(bian)成(cheng)魚(yu)(yu)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang),挖出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)泥則用(yong)于(yu)堆放在水(shui)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)四(si)周(zhou)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)基(ji)(ji)。經(jing)過逐步演(yan)變(bian)(bian),最(zui)終形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)了種桑(sang)(sang)養蠶(can)和(he)(he)養魚(yu)(yu)相輔相成(cheng),桑(sang)(sang)地(di)和(he)(he)池(chi)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)相連相倚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)鄉(xiang)典(dian)型(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)桑(sang)(sang)基(ji)(ji)魚(yu)(yu)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)農業(ye)景觀,為(wei)(wei)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)桑(sang)(sang)基(ji)(ji)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)魚(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)提供了獨(du)(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)利(li)條件(jian)。獨(du)(du)特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)形(xing)(xing)地(di)貌、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)和(he)(he)水(shui)利(li)系(xi)統等(deng),為(wei)(wei)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)州(zhou)桑(sang)(sang)基(ji)(ji)塘(tang)(tang)(tang)(tang)魚(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養殖(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)提供了得天獨(du)(du)厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)。
湖(hu)州桑基塘(tang)魚農(nong)產(chan)品地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志地(di)域保護范圍為:湖(hu)州市南潯區所(suo)轄(xia)(xia)菱湖(hu)鎮(zhen)、和孚鎮(zhen),吳興(xing)區所(suo)轄(xia)(xia)八里店鎮(zhen)、東(dong)林鎮(zhen),與(yu)德清縣所(suo)轄(xia)(xia)新安鎮(zhen)、禹越鎮(zhen)、新市鎮(zhen)共計7個鄉鎮(zhen)11個行(xing)政村。地(di)理坐標(biao)(biao)為東(dong)經(jing)119°59′1″~120°6′18″,北(bei)緯30°31′53″~30°51′48″。保護區面(mian)積69平方(fang)公(gong)里,魚塘(tang)面(mian)積22982畝(mu),年產(chan)量(liang)2.2萬(wan)噸。
養殖(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式借鑒(jian)了(le)古法養殖(zhi)(zhi)模式,同時融合了(le)現代(dai)科學養殖(zhi)(zhi)技術,生產的湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)桑(sang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)塘(tang)魚(yu)(yu)外形(xing)似野生魚(yu)(yu),魚(yu)(yu)腥味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)淡,無土(tu)腥味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。青魚(yu)(yu):體(ti)(ti)型(xing)(xing)修長(chang)(chang),近圓筒(tong)形(xing)。體(ti)(ti)色(se)呈(cheng)(cheng)青灰(hui)(hui)(hui)色(se),背(bei)部(bu)(bu)較(jiao)(jiao)深(shen),腹(fu)部(bu)(bu)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)白(bai)(bai)(bai)色(se)。鱗(lin)片(pian)(pian)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)。草魚(yu)(yu):體(ti)(ti)型(xing)(xing)修長(chang)(chang),近圓筒(tong)形(xing)。體(ti)(ti)色(se)淡黃或(huo)茶黃色(se),腹(fu)部(bu)(bu)略顯灰(hui)(hui)(hui)白(bai)(bai)(bai)色(se)。鰱(lian):體(ti)(ti)形(xing)側扁,稍高(gao)。背(bei)部(bu)(bu)青灰(hui)(hui)(hui)色(se),鰭灰(hui)(hui)(hui)白(bai)(bai)(bai),兩側及腹(fu)部(bu)(bu)白(bai)(bai)(bai)色(se)。鱗(lin)片(pian)(pian)細小(xiao)(xiao)。鳙(yong)(yong):頭較(jiao)(jiao)大(da),頭長(chang)(chang)約為體(ti)(ti)長(chang)(chang)的1/3,口(kou)亦(yi)寬大(da),稍上翹(qiao),背(bei)呈(cheng)(cheng)暗(an)黑色(se),并有(you)不(bu)規則黑點。鱗(lin)片(pian)(pian)小(xiao)(xiao)。鯽(ji):體(ti)(ti)型(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)瘦長(chang)(chang)或(huo)稍高(gao),體(ti)(ti)色(se)銀黑色(se),背(bei)面(mian)較(jiao)(jiao)深(shen),腹(fu)面(mian)較(jiao)(jiao)淺(qian)。鱗(lin)片(pian)(pian)緊密(mi),不(bu)易(yi)脫鱗(lin)。肌(ji)肉緊密(mi),口(kou)感鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)美,無土(tu)腥味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。其他具體(ti)(ti)成分如(ru)下:青魚(yu)(yu):每100g肌(ji)肉中(zhong),粗(cu)(cu)蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)17.0g~20.0g,粗(cu)(cu)脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)(fang)1.0g~3.0g,鈣(gai)(gai)含(han)量(liang)(liang)>5mg;氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)中(zhong),鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(天(tian)冬氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、谷(gu)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)和(he)(he)精(jing)(jing)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan))含(han)量(liang)(liang)>4%,甘(gan)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(甘(gan)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)和(he)(he)丙(bing)(bing)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan))含(han)量(liang)(liang)>1.2%。草魚(yu)(yu):每100g肌(ji)肉中(zhong),粗(cu)(cu)蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)15.0g~21.0g,粗(cu)(cu)脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)(fang)1.0g~3.0g,鈣(gai)(gai)含(han)量(liang)(liang)>30mg;氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)中(zhong),鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(天(tian)冬氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、谷(gu)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)和(he)(he)精(jing)(jing)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan))含(han)量(liang)(liang)>4.5%,甘(gan)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(甘(gan)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)和(he)(he)丙(bing)(bing)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan))含(han)量(liang)(liang)>1.5%。鰱(lian):每100g肌(ji)肉中(zhong),粗(cu)(cu)蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)17.0g~21.0g,粗(cu)(cu)脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)(fang)1.0g~3.0g,鈣(gai)(gai)含(han)量(liang)(liang)>5mg;氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)中(zhong),鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(天(tian)冬氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、谷(gu)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)和(he)(he)精(jing)(jing)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan))含(han)量(liang)(liang)>5.5%,甘(gan)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(甘(gan)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)和(he)(he)丙(bing)(bing)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan))含(han)量(liang)(liang)>1.6%。鳙(yong)(yong):每100g肌(ji)肉中(zhong),粗(cu)(cu)蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)17.0g~20.0g,粗(cu)(cu)脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)(fang)0.8g~2.0g,鈣(gai)(gai)含(han)量(liang)(liang)>10mg;氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)中(zhong),鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(天(tian)冬氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、谷(gu)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)和(he)(he)精(jing)(jing)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan))含(han)量(liang)(liang)>5.5%,甘(gan)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(甘(gan)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)和(he)(he)丙(bing)(bing)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan))含(han)量(liang)(liang)>1.6%。鯽(ji):每100g肌(ji)肉中(zhong),粗(cu)(cu)蛋白(bai)(bai)(bai)15.0g~19.0g,粗(cu)(cu)脂(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)(fang)1.0g~4.5g,鈣(gai)(gai)含(han)量(liang)(liang)>20mg;氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)中(zhong),鮮(xian)(xian)(xian)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(天(tian)冬氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、谷(gu)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)和(he)(he)精(jing)(jing)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan))含(han)量(liang)(liang)>4.5%,甘(gan)味(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(甘(gan)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)和(he)(he)丙(bing)(bing)氨(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan))含(han)量(liang)(liang)>1.4%。湖(hu)(hu)州(zhou)桑(sang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)塘(tang)魚(yu)(yu)產品質量(liang)(liang)符合國家食品安全(quan)相(xiang)關要求。
選(xuan)擇水(shui)(shui)(shui)源充(chong)足(zu)、進排水(shui)(shui)(shui)方(fang)便、生(sheng)態環境好、周(zhou)邊無(wu)污染的(de)區域,應符(fu)合(he)當(dang)(dang)地養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)域灘涂規劃(hua)。此外,要求交通便利(li),電(dian)力供(gong)應充(chong)足(zu),無(wu)自然災(zai)害風險;水(shui)(shui)(shui)陸(lu)交接,可布局魚(yu)(yu)(yu)塘和(he)(he)桑(sang)(sang)地。桑(sang)(sang)基塘養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)應符(fu)合(he)NY5051《無(wu)公害食(shi)品淡水(shui)(shui)(shui)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)》的(de)規定(ding)(ding)。魚(yu)(yu)(yu)塘面積以(yi)(yi)2~10畝為(wei)宜,魚(yu)(yu)(yu)塘水(shui)(shui)(shui)面與(yu)桑(sang)(sang)地面積比以(yi)(yi)7:3~5:5為(wei)宜。塘深以(yi)(yi)2~3米(mi)為(wei)宜,水(shui)(shui)(shui)深1.5米(mi)以(yi)(yi)上。塘底淤泥深度以(yi)(yi)10~20厘米(mi)為(wei)宜。塘堤及周(zhou)邊種(zhong)植桑(sang)(sang)樹和(he)(he)青飼(si)料(liao)(liao)。以(yi)(yi)傳(chuan)統的(de)四大家魚(yu)(yu)(yu)(青魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、草(cao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、鰱(lian)(lian)和(he)(he)鳙)為(wei)主,輔(fu)以(yi)(yi)雜食(shi)性的(de)鯽,適(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)搭配(pei)翹嘴鲌、鱖(gui)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃顙(sang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)等(deng)。放養(yang)(yang)前準備:放養(yang)(yang)前清(qing)除過多淤泥,供(gong)作(zuo)桑(sang)(sang)樹的(de)肥(fei)料(liao)(liao),曝曬塘底。每畝用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)石灰(hui)50~150千克清(qing)塘處理,一(yi)般7~10天(tian)后(hou)可放魚(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)。魚(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)放養(yang)(yang):放養(yang)(yang)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)要盡量(liang)(liang)避(bi)免受傷。借(jie)鑒古法養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)模式,每畝放養(yang)(yang)青魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、草(cao)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、鰱(lian)(lian)、鳙和(he)(he)鯽,適(shi)(shi)當(dang)(dang)套(tao)養(yang)(yang)翹嘴鲌、鱖(gui)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)、黃顙(sang)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)等(deng)。同一(yi)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)應選(xuan)擇規格整齊、體質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)健壯、無(wu)病(bing)(bing)無(wu)傷、攝食(shi)正常(chang)、無(wu)農獸藥(yao)殘留的(de)個體。餌(er)料(liao)(liao)及投喂:采(cai)用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)物餌(er)料(liao)(liao),以(yi)(yi)麥(mai)芽(ya)和(he)(he)青飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(黑麥(mai)草(cao)、蘇丹(dan)草(cao)等(deng))為(wei)主,輔(fu)以(yi)(yi)蠶沙(sha)、桑(sang)(sang)葉、螺螄等(deng)。不使用(yong)(yong)人(ren)工配(pei)合(he)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)。投喂做到(dao)定(ding)(ding)點(dian)、定(ding)(ding)時(shi)、定(ding)(ding)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、定(ding)(ding)量(liang)(liang)。投喂麥(mai)芽(ya)和(he)(he)青飼(si)料(liao)(liao)以(yi)(yi)0.5小(xiao)時(shi)內(nei)吃完為(wei)宜。一(yi)般每天(tian)投喂2次(ci),日投餌(er)量(liang)(liang)為(wei)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)體重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)1%~5%。具體應根(gen)據(ju)魚(yu)(yu)(yu)攝食(shi)情況(kuang)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、天(tian)氣等(deng)調整投餌(er)量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)投餌(er)次(ci)數(shu)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)管理:養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)池(chi)(chi)塘保持水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)“肥(fei)、活、嫩、爽(shuang)”,透明(ming)度30cm左右。視水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)情況(kuang),適(shi)(shi)時(shi)加注新(xin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)調控水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。一(yi)般晴天(tian)中(zhong)(zhong)午宜開(kai)增氧機或(huo)涌(yong)浪機1~3小(xiao)時(shi)。日常(chang)管理:每天(tian)早晚巡塘,觀察水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、魚(yu)(yu)(yu)群攝食(shi)與(yu)活動情況(kuang),發現問題應及時(shi)采(cai)取(qu)措施(shi),并做好日常(chang)記錄。病(bing)(bing)害防(fang)治:堅持預(yu)防(fang)為(wei)主、防(fang)治結合(he)、綠色生(sheng)態的(de)原則(ze),做好魚(yu)(yu)(yu)病(bing)(bing)預(yu)防(fang)工作(zuo)。不使用(yong)(yong)抗(kang)生(sheng)素和(he)(he)殺蟲劑。捕撈(lao)運(yun)輸:采(cai)用(yong)(yong)拉網(wang)或(huo)定(ding)(ding)制(zhi)張網(wang)捕撈(lao);用(yong)(yong)活魚(yu)(yu)(yu)運(yun)輸車(che)、活魚(yu)(yu)(yu)包裝袋(dai)等(deng)運(yun)輸。尾水(shui)(shui)(shui)管理:整個養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產過程(cheng)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)態循環養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)模式,以(yi)(yi)少量(liang)(liang)補充(chong)新(xin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)主。如果因捕撈(lao)、清(qing)塘等(deng)需降低水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei),可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)池(chi)(chi)塘相互(hu)調劑和(he)(he)利(li)用(yong)(yong)溝渠(qu)等(deng)予(yu)以(yi)(yi)解決。養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)(zhi)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)排放應符(fu)合(he)國家相關(guan)規定(ding)(ding)。