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自然生態環境

銅鼓(gu)黃(huang)精保護區(qu)域地處(chu)羅(luo)霄(xiao)山脈(mo)北(bei)端東部(bu)，屬于中亞熱帶北(bei)部(bu)濕潤氣(qi)(qi)候，地勢由西南(nan)向東北(bei)傾斜，境(jing)內(nei)山丘連綿起伏，森林覆蓋(gai)率(lv)87.4%，負氧離子含(han)量達7萬個/cm3；土壤(rang)為紅壤(rang)、山地黃(huang)壤(rang)、山地黃(huang)棕(zong)壤(rang)和山地草甸土，土層深(shen)厚，養分豐(feng)富，滲透性良(liang)好，土壤(rang)有機質含(han)量2.85%～12.52%，PH值4.9～6.5；境(jing)內(nei)水(shui)資源(yuan)豐(feng)富，雨量充沛(pei)，氣(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)潤，冬無嚴寒，夏少酷暑(shu)，四季分明，光照(zhao)充足，年平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)16.2℃，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)1496.8 h，無霜期265d，平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)量1732.8mm。獨特的氣(qi)(qi)候環(huan)境(jing)條件，形成了(le)銅鼓(gu)黃(huang)精種(zhong)植的獨特自然生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)。

地域范圍

銅(tong)鼓黃精(jing)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)域位(wei)于江西(xi)省宜春(chun)市銅(tong)鼓縣，贛西(xi)北(bei)山(shan)區(qu)，修河上游，東鄰(lin)宜豐縣，南接萬載縣，西(xi)界(jie)瀏陽市、平江縣，北(bei)連修水縣。銅(tong)鼓黃精(jing)地域保(bao)護(hu)(hu)范圍(wei)包括銅(tong)鼓縣的港(gang)口鄉、棋坪鎮、高橋鄉、排(pai)埠鎮、溫泉鎮、永(yong)寧(ning)鎮、三都(dou)鎮、大(da)塅鎮、帶溪鄉等(deng)9個鄉（鎮）；保(bao)護(hu)(hu)范圍(wei)位(wei)于東徑(jing)114°04′40″～114°43′54″，北(bei)緯28°22′59″～28°49′46″。保(bao)護(hu)(hu)面積(ji)3954公頃(qing)，年(nian)產量29655噸。

產品品質特征

（1）外(wai)在(zai)感官特(te)征：銅(tong)鼓黃精(jing)呈(cheng)長條結(jie)(jie)節(jie)(jie)塊狀(zhuang)，常數個塊狀(zhuang)結(jie)(jie)節(jie)(jie)相連，長4～20 cm，直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)1～3 cm。表面灰(hui)黃色(se)或黃褐色(se)，粗糙(cao)，結(jie)(jie)節(jie)(jie)上側有突出(chu)的圓(yuan)(yuan)盤狀(zhuang)莖痕，直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)0.8～1.8cm。質(zhi)硬而韌，不(bu)易(yi)折斷，斷面角質(zhi)，淡黃色(se)至黃棕色(se)。氣微，味(wei)甜(tian)，嚼之有黏(nian)性。銅(tong)鼓黃精(jing)表面灰(hui)黃色(se)，結(jie)(jie)節(jie)(jie)狀(zhuang)，姜形，圓(yuan)(yuan)盤狀(zhuang)莖痕，飽(bao)滿，多糖含量高(gao)。 （2）內在(zai)品質(zhi)指(zhi)標：水(shui)分(fen)≤17.0%，總灰(hui)分(fen)≤3.9%，酸不(bu)溶性灰(hui)分(fen)≤1.5%，黃精(jing)多糖≥10.0%，浸出(chu)物≥55.0％，蛋白質(zhi)≥2.5%。 （3）質(zhi)量安全(quan)要求：銅(tong)鼓黃精(jing)質(zhi)量符合《中(zhong)華人民共(gong)和國藥典》的規定。

特定生產方式

（1）產地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)要(yao)求(qiu)：銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精適(shi)宜(yi)(yi)偏酸性土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)，以(yi)(yi)pH值為(wei)(wei)4.9～6.5最(zui)為(wei)(wei)適(shi)宜(yi)(yi)，要(yao)求(qiu)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)類型為(wei)(wei)紅壤(rang)(rang)、山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)黃(huang)壤(rang)(rang)、山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)和山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)草(cao)(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)，選(xuan)(xuan)擇質地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)疏松肥(fei)(fei)(fei)沃、陰(yin)濕(shi)(shi)但排水(shui)(shui)條(tiao)(tiao)件好的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)。 （2）品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇：本地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)多花黃(huang)精（Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua）。 （3）生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產控制(zhi)：為(wei)(wei)了保(bao)證銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精的(de)品質特色，重點加(jia)強(qiang)以(yi)(yi)下(xia)幾個方面的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產技術控制(zhi)： ①種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)苗繁育：在(zai)(zai)(zai)秋季種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)轉黑時(shi)(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)取(qu)(qu)成(cheng)熟(shu)、飽滿、無病害(hai)的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)進行(xing)(xing)沙藏（種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)1份(fen)與砂(sha)土(tu)(tu)3份(fen)混合(he)(he)(he)均勻）處(chu)理后，存于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)背(bei)陰(yin)處(chu)30cm深(shen)的(de)坑內，保(bao)持(chi)濕(shi)(shi)潤(run)，防(fang)止積水(shui)(shui)，于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)次年(nian)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)取(qu)(qu)出，篩出種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)，按行(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)12～15cm均勻撒播(bo)到畦(qi)面的(de)淺(qian)溝內，蓋(gai)土(tu)(tu)約(yue)1.5cm，稍壓后澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)，并(bing)蓋(gai)一層草(cao)(cao)保(bao)濕(shi)(shi)。出苗前(qian)去掉蓋(gai)草(cao)(cao)，苗高6～9cm時(shi)(shi)，過(guo)密處(chu)可(ke)適(shi)當(dang)間苗，l年(nian)后移栽(zai)(zai)(zai)。 ②移栽(zai)(zai)(zai)定植(zhi)(zhi)：選(xuan)(xuan)擇有(you)蔭(yin)蔽條(tiao)(tiao)件和排水(shui)(shui)條(tiao)(tiao)件，上(shang)(shang)(shang)層透光充足(zu)的(de)林下(xia)開闊(kuo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)帶或(huo)有(you)人工(gong)遮蔭(yin)條(tiao)(tiao)件的(de)農田進行(xing)(xing)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)。林下(xia)套(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)一般于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)秋季先砍伐(fa)清除灌木(mu)雜草(cao)(cao)，保(bao)留(liu)林木(mu)，將地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)深(shen)翻(fan)30cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)整平；在(zai)(zai)(zai)農田種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，茬口選(xuan)(xuan)擇上(shang)(shang)(shang)最(zui)好前(qian)茬為(wei)(wei)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)、綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)休閑(xian)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)，深(shen)翻(fan)30 cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，施足(zu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)腐熟(shu)的(de)農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，然后耙平耙細，作寬100～120cm，高25～30cm的(de)畦(qi)，畦(qi)溝寬50cm，同時(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)四(si)周通順溝渠，以(yi)(yi)利(li)排水(shui)(shui)防(fang)澇。于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)3月上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬(xun)或(huo)10月下(xia)旬(xun)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)整好畦(qi)的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)塊(kuai)(kuai)上(shang)(shang)(shang)按深(shen)10～15cm，行(xing)(xing)距(ju)(ju)25cm，株(zhu)距(ju)(ju)15～20cm挖(wa)穴，穴底挖(wa)松整平，每(mei)穴栽(zai)(zai)(zai)植(zhi)(zhi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精一株(zhu)，覆土(tu)(tu)壓緊，澆(jiao)(jiao)透水(shui)(shui)，再覆蓋(gai)細土(tu)(tu)與畦(qi)床相(xiang)平。 ③種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)管理：在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長前(qian)期要(yao)經常中耕(geng)除草(cao)(cao)，每(mei)年(nian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)4、6、9、11月各進行(xing)(xing)1次，宜(yi)(yi)淺(qian)鋤并(bing)適(shi)當(dang)培土(tu)(tu)，后期拔草(cao)(cao)即(ji)可(ke)。若遇干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱或(huo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)較向陽、干(gan)(gan)(gan)旱地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)方的(de)需要(yao)及時(shi)(shi)澆(jiao)(jiao)水(shui)(shui)。每(mei)年(nian)結(jie)合(he)(he)(he)中耕(geng)除草(cao)(cao)追施生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)腐熟(shu)的(de)農家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)，將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)料施于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)行(xing)(xing)間開溝處(chu)，后覆土(tu)(tu)蓋(gai)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)。 ④病蟲草(cao)(cao)害(hai)防(fang)治：遵循“以(yi)(yi)防(fang)為(wei)(wei)主，綜合(he)(he)(he)防(fang)治”的(de)原則，從(cong)整個銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態系(xi)統出發(fa)，以(yi)(yi)農業防(fang)治為(wei)(wei)基(ji)(ji)礎，綜合(he)(he)(he)運用物(wu)理防(fang)治和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)治措(cuo)施，創造(zao)不利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)病蟲草(cao)(cao)孳(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而(er)有(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)各類天敵繁衍(yan)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)條(tiao)(tiao)件，增(zeng)進生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣(yang)性，保(bao)持(chi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)鏈(lian)平衡，減(jian)少各類病蟲草(cao)(cao)害(hai)所造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)損失。 ⑤采收(shou)與加(jia)工(gong)： A采收(shou)：春(chun)、秋兩季均可(ke)，以(yi)(yi)秋季采收(shou)為(wei)(wei)佳，栽(zai)(zai)(zai)培3～4年(nian)的(de)植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu)莖(jing)桿上(shang)(shang)(shang)葉(xie)片枯萎時(shi)(shi)即(ji)可(ke)采收(shou)，挖(wa)取(qu)(qu)根莖(jing)，除去地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)上(shang)(shang)(shang)部分(fen)及須根，用竹刀或(huo)木(mu)條(tiao)(tiao)刮(gua)掉泥土(tu)(tu)，避免弄傷塊(kuai)(kuai)根。 B加(jia)工(gong)：選(xuan)(xuan)擇表面泛黃(huang)、斷(duan)面呈(cheng)乳白或(huo)淡棕色，飽滿、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)厚、彈性足(zu)的(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精置蒸(zheng)籠內蒸(zheng)至透心、呈(cheng)油(you)潤(run)狀時(shi)(shi)，取(qu)(qu)出曬干(gan)(gan)(gan)或(huo)烘干(gan)(gan)(gan)，切片，包(bao)裝貯藏。 （4）生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產記錄：建立完善的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產記錄檔(dang)案(an)，確保(bao)記錄檔(dang)案(an)可(ke)追溯(su)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精實際生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產全過(guo)程，檔(dang)案(an)資料力求(qiu)準確、清晰、完整，并(bing)妥善保(bao)存3年(nian)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，以(yi)(yi)備查閱。

包裝標識規定

（1）符合下(xia)列條件(jian)的(de)(de)單(dan)位(wei)和(he)(he)(he)個人(ren)，可以向登記(ji)證(zheng)書持有(you)人(ren)申請(qing)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)： ①生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)自(zi)登記(ji)確定的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)域(yu)范(fan)(fan)(fan)圍； ②已取得銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)資(zi)質(zhi)； ③能夠嚴格按照(zhao)規(gui)定的(de)(de)質(zhi)量技術規(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)組織開展(zhan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)活(huo)動(dong)； ④具(ju)有(you)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)市場開發經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)能力。 使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，應(ying)(ying)當按照(zhao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)年度(du)與(yu)登記(ji)證(zheng)書持有(you)人(ren)簽訂使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)協議(yi)，在協議(yi)中載明使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)數(shu)量、范(fan)(fan)(fan)圍和(he)(he)(he)相關責任義務(wu)(wu)。 （2）銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)享(xiang)有(you)以下(xia)權利： ①可以在產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)及包裝上使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)（銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)名稱和(he)(he)(he)公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識圖案組合標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注等）； ②可以使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)登記(ji)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)，進行(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)宣傳和(he)(he)(he)參加展(zhan)覽、展(zhan)示及展(zhan)銷。 （3）銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)應(ying)(ying)當履行(xing)(xing)以下(xia)義務(wu)(wu)： ①自(zi)覺接受(shou)登記(ji)證(zheng)書持有(you)人(ren)的(de)(de)監(jian)督(du)檢查； ②保(bao)證(zheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)信譽； ③正確規(gui)范(fan)(fan)(fan)地(di)(di)(di)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)。 （4）銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)者應(ying)(ying)當建(jian)立質(zhi)量控制(zhi)追溯體系，農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)持有(you)人(ren)和(he)(he)(he)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)人(ren)對銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量和(he)(he)(he)信譽負(fu)責； （5）任何單(dan)位(wei)和(he)(he)(he)個人(ren)不準偽造(zao)、冒用(yong)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)登記(ji)證(zheng)書； （6）鼓(gu)勵(li)單(dan)位(wei)和(he)(he)(he)個人(ren)對銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)(xing)社會監(jian)督(du)