銅(tong)鼓黃(huang)精保(bao)護區域地處羅(luo)霄山(shan)脈北(bei)端(duan)東部,屬于(yu)中亞熱帶北(bei)部濕潤(run)氣候(hou),地勢由西(xi)南向東北(bei)傾斜,境內山(shan)丘連綿(mian)起(qi)伏,森(sen)林覆蓋(gai)率(lv)87.4%,負氧離子含量達(da)7萬個/cm3;土壤為紅壤、山(shan)地黃(huang)壤、山(shan)地黃(huang)棕壤和(he)山(shan)地草甸土,土層深厚,養分豐富,滲透性良(liang)好,土壤有機質含量2.85%~12.52%,PH值4.9~6.5;境內水資源(yuan)豐富,雨量充沛,氣候(hou)溫潤(run),冬無嚴寒,夏少酷(ku)暑,四季分明,光(guang)照(zhao)充足,年(nian)平均氣溫16.2℃,平均日照(zhao)1496.8 h,無霜期265d,平均降水量1732.8mm。獨特(te)的氣候(hou)環境條(tiao)件,形(xing)成了銅(tong)鼓黃(huang)精種植的獨特(te)自然生態環境。
銅鼓黃(huang)精保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)域位于(yu)江(jiang)西省宜(yi)春市(shi)銅鼓縣(xian),贛西北(bei)山區(qu),修河上游,東(dong)鄰宜(yi)豐縣(xian),南接萬載縣(xian),西界瀏陽(yang)市(shi)、平江(jiang)縣(xian),北(bei)連修水縣(xian)。銅鼓黃(huang)精地域保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)范圍包括銅鼓縣(xian)的港口鄉、棋坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、高橋鄉、排(pai)埠鎮(zhen)(zhen)、溫泉鎮(zhen)(zhen)、永(yong)寧鎮(zhen)(zhen)、三都鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大塅鎮(zhen)(zhen)、帶溪鄉等9個鄉(鎮(zhen)(zhen));保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)范圍位于(yu)東(dong)徑114°04′40″~114°43′54″,北(bei)緯28°22′59″~28°49′46″。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)面(mian)積3954公頃(qing),年產量29655噸。
(1)外在感官(guan)特征:銅(tong)(tong)鼓黃(huang)精(jing)呈長(chang)條結(jie)節(jie)塊狀,常(chang)數個塊狀結(jie)節(jie)相連(lian),長(chang)4~20 cm,直(zhi)徑(jing)1~3 cm。表面灰(hui)黃(huang)色或黃(huang)褐色,粗糙(cao),結(jie)節(jie)上側有突出的圓盤狀莖痕,直(zhi)徑(jing)0.8~1.8cm。質(zhi)硬(ying)而韌,不易折(zhe)斷,斷面角質(zhi),淡黃(huang)色至黃(huang)棕色。氣微,味(wei)甜(tian),嚼之(zhi)有黏性。銅(tong)(tong)鼓黃(huang)精(jing)表面灰(hui)黃(huang)色,結(jie)節(jie)狀,姜形,圓盤狀莖痕,飽滿(man),多糖(tang)含(han)量(liang)高。 (2)內在品質(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao):水分≤17.0%,總灰(hui)分≤3.9%,酸不溶性灰(hui)分≤1.5%,黃(huang)精(jing)多糖(tang)≥10.0%,浸(jin)出物≥55.0%,蛋(dan)白質(zhi)≥2.5%。 (3)質(zhi)量(liang)安全要求:銅(tong)(tong)鼓黃(huang)精(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)符(fu)合《中華人民(min)共和國(guo)藥典》的規定。
(1)產地要(yao)求(qiu):銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃精(jing)適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)偏酸性土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤,以(yi)(yi)pH值為4.9~6.5最為適(shi)(shi)宜(yi),要(yao)求(qiu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤類(lei)(lei)型為紅壤、山地黃壤、山地黃棕壤和山地草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)質地疏松(song)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)沃、陰(yin)濕但排(pai)水(shui)(shui)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)好的(de)(de)地塊種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)。 (2)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze):本地多花黃精(jing)(Polygonatum Cyrtonema Hua)。 (3)生(sheng)(sheng)產控制:為了(le)保(bao)(bao)證銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃精(jing)的(de)(de)品(pin)質特色(se),重點加強以(yi)(yi)下(xia)幾個(ge)方(fang)面(mian)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產技術控制: ①種(zhong)(zhong)苗(miao)(miao)繁育:在秋(qiu)(qiu)季種(zhong)(zhong)子轉黑(hei)時(shi)(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)取成熟(shu)、飽(bao)滿、無病害的(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子進行(xing)沙藏(種(zhong)(zhong)子1份與(yu)(yu)砂土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)3份混合均(jun)勻)處(chu)理(li)后(hou)(hou),存(cun)于(yu)(yu)(yu)背陰(yin)處(chu)30cm深(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)坑(keng)內(nei)(nei),保(bao)(bao)持濕潤(run),防(fang)(fang)止積(ji)水(shui)(shui),于(yu)(yu)(yu)次年(nian)(nian)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)取出,篩出種(zhong)(zhong)子,按(an)(an)行(xing)距12~15cm均(jun)勻撒播(bo)到(dao)畦(qi)面(mian)的(de)(de)淺溝(gou)內(nei)(nei),蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)約1.5cm,稍壓后(hou)(hou)澆水(shui)(shui),并蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)一(yi)層(ceng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)保(bao)(bao)濕。出苗(miao)(miao)前(qian)去掉蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),苗(miao)(miao)高6~9cm時(shi)(shi),過(guo)密處(chu)可適(shi)(shi)當間(jian)苗(miao)(miao),l年(nian)(nian)后(hou)(hou)移栽(zai)。 ②移栽(zai)定植(zhi):選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)有(you)蔭蔽條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)和排(pai)水(shui)(shui)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian),上(shang)(shang)(shang)層(ceng)透(tou)光(guang)充(chong)足的(de)(de)林(lin)下(xia)開(kai)闊(kuo)地帶或(huo)有(you)人工遮蔭條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)農(nong)田進行(xing)栽(zai)植(zhi)。林(lin)下(xia)套種(zhong)(zhong)一(yi)般于(yu)(yu)(yu)秋(qiu)(qiu)季先砍伐清除(chu)(chu)灌木雜(za)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),保(bao)(bao)留林(lin)木,將(jiang)地深(shen)(shen)翻30cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)整(zheng)平(ping);在農(nong)田種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)時(shi)(shi),茬(cha)口選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)上(shang)(shang)(shang)最好前(qian)茬(cha)為水(shui)(shui)稻、綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)休(xiu)閑地塊,深(shen)(shen)翻30 cm以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),施(shi)(shi)足生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)腐熟(shu)的(de)(de)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),然后(hou)(hou)耙平(ping)耙細,作寬(kuan)100~120cm,高25~30cm的(de)(de)畦(qi),畦(qi)溝(gou)寬(kuan)50cm,同時(shi)(shi)在地塊四周通順(shun)溝(gou)渠,以(yi)(yi)利(li)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)防(fang)(fang)澇(lao)。于(yu)(yu)(yu)3月(yue)(yue)上(shang)(shang)(shang)旬或(huo)10月(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬,在整(zheng)好畦(qi)的(de)(de)地塊上(shang)(shang)(shang)按(an)(an)深(shen)(shen)10~15cm,行(xing)距25cm,株(zhu)距15~20cm挖穴(xue),穴(xue)底(di)挖松(song)整(zheng)平(ping),每穴(xue)栽(zai)植(zhi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃精(jing)一(yi)株(zhu),覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壓緊,澆透(tou)水(shui)(shui),再(zai)覆(fu)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)細土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)與(yu)(yu)畦(qi)床相平(ping)。 ③種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)管理(li):在生(sheng)(sheng)長前(qian)期(qi)要(yao)經常中耕除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao),每年(nian)(nian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)4、6、9、11月(yue)(yue)各進行(xing)1次,宜(yi)淺鋤并適(shi)(shi)當培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),后(hou)(hou)期(qi)拔(ba)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)即可。若遇干旱或(huo)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)在較向陽(yang)、干旱地方(fang)的(de)(de)需要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)澆水(shui)(shui)。每年(nian)(nian)結合中耕除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)追施(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)有(you)機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)腐熟(shu)的(de)(de)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),將(jiang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)施(shi)(shi)于(yu)(yu)(yu)行(xing)間(jian)開(kai)溝(gou)處(chu),后(hou)(hou)覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)蓋(gai)(gai)(gai)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。 ④病蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)害防(fang)(fang)治:遵循“以(yi)(yi)防(fang)(fang)為主,綜合防(fang)(fang)治”的(de)(de)原則,從(cong)整(zheng)個(ge)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃精(jing)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基地的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態系統出發,以(yi)(yi)農(nong)業(ye)防(fang)(fang)治為基礎,綜合運用物(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)治和生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)治措施(shi)(shi),創造不利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)病蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)孳生(sheng)(sheng)而有(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)各類(lei)(lei)天敵(di)繁衍(yan)的(de)(de)環境條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian),增進生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)多樣(yang)性,保(bao)(bao)持種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)基地生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)鏈(lian)平(ping)衡,減少各類(lei)(lei)病蟲(chong)草(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)害所造成的(de)(de)損失。 ⑤采(cai)收(shou)(shou)與(yu)(yu)加工: A采(cai)收(shou)(shou):春(chun)、秋(qiu)(qiu)兩季均(jun)可,以(yi)(yi)秋(qiu)(qiu)季采(cai)收(shou)(shou)為佳,栽(zai)培(pei)3~4年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)植(zhi)株(zhu)莖桿上(shang)(shang)(shang)葉(xie)片(pian)(pian)枯萎時(shi)(shi)即可采(cai)收(shou)(shou),挖取根(gen)莖,除(chu)(chu)去地上(shang)(shang)(shang)部分及(ji)須根(gen),用竹刀(dao)或(huo)木條(tiao)(tiao)刮(gua)掉泥(ni)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),避免弄傷塊根(gen)。 B加工:選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)表面(mian)泛黃、斷面(mian)呈乳白或(huo)淡棕色(se),飽(bao)滿、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)厚、彈性足的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃精(jing)置(zhi)蒸籠內(nei)(nei)蒸至透(tou)心、呈油潤(run)狀時(shi)(shi),取出曬干或(huo)烘干,切片(pian)(pian),包裝貯藏。 (4)生(sheng)(sheng)產記錄(lu):建立完(wan)善的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產記錄(lu)檔(dang)案(an)(an)(an),確保(bao)(bao)記錄(lu)檔(dang)案(an)(an)(an)可追溯(su)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)黃精(jing)實際生(sheng)(sheng)產全過(guo)程,檔(dang)案(an)(an)(an)資料(liao)力求(qiu)準確、清晰、完(wan)整(zheng),并妥善保(bao)(bao)存(cun)3年(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),以(yi)(yi)備(bei)查閱。
(1)符合下(xia)列條件的(de)(de)單位和(he)(he)(he)(he)個(ge)(ge)人,可以向登記證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)持有人申請使(shi)(shi)用農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi): ①生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)自(zi)登記確定的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)域范圍; ②已取得銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)資質(zhi); ③能夠嚴格按(an)照規(gui)定的(de)(de)質(zhi)量技術規(gui)范組織開(kai)展生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)活動(dong); ④具有銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)市(shi)場開(kai)發經(jing)營(ying)能力。 使(shi)(shi)用銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),應(ying)(ying)當(dang)按(an)照生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)年(nian)度(du)與登記證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)持有人簽訂使(shi)(shi)用協(xie)議,在協(xie)議中載(zai)明使(shi)(shi)用數(shu)量、范圍和(he)(he)(he)(he)相關(guan)責任義(yi)務。 (2)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用人享有以下(xia)權利: ①可以在產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)及(ji)包裝上使(shi)(shi)用銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)名稱和(he)(he)(he)(he)公共標(biao)識圖(tu)案組合標(biao)注等(deng)); ②可以使(shi)(shi)用登記的(de)(de)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),進行(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)宣傳(chuan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)參(can)加展覽、展示(shi)及(ji)展銷(xiao)。 (3)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用人應(ying)(ying)當(dang)履(lv)行(xing)(xing)以下(xia)義(yi)務: ①自(zi)覺(jue)接(jie)受(shou)登記證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu)持有人的(de)(de)監督(du)(du)檢查; ②保證(zheng)(zheng)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)信(xin)譽; ③正確規(gui)范地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)使(shi)(shi)用銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)。 (4)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營(ying)者應(ying)(ying)當(dang)建立質(zhi)量控制追溯體系,農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)持有人和(he)(he)(he)(he)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用人對銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量和(he)(he)(he)(he)信(xin)譽負責; (5)任何單位和(he)(he)(he)(he)個(ge)(ge)人不準偽造、冒用銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)登記證(zheng)(zheng)書(shu); (6)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)勵單位和(he)(he)(he)(he)個(ge)(ge)人對銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鼓(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)黃(huang)精(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)(xing)社會(hui)監督(du)(du)