俞和(1307-1382)。字(zi)子中,號紫(zi)芝(zhi)(芝(zhi)生),晚號紫(zi)芝(zhi)老人。桐(tong)江(jiang)(今浙江(jiang)桐(tong)廬)人,寓居錢塘(今杭(hang)州)。
沖澹安恬,隱居不仕。能(neng)詩(shi),喜書(shu)(shu)翰(han),早(zao)年(nian)得(de)見(jian)趙孟頫(fu)運筆之(zhi)法,后返臨晉、唐名(ming)家碑帖(tie)。行(xing)、草(cao)書(shu)(shu),秀(xiu)雅挺勁,酷肖孟頫(fu)。楷書(shu)(shu)高古(gu)風(feng)(feng)雅,頗有(you)晉人(ren)風(feng)(feng)度。明桑悅云:“紫芝所(suo)書(shu)(shu),深得(de)松雪筆意(yi),而圭角稍露,比之(zhi)松雪,正如(ru)獻之(zhi)于羲之(zhi)也。”行(xing)、草(cao)逼真孟俯,好(hao)事者(zhe)得(de)其書(shu)(shu),每用(yong)趙款識(shi),倉(cang)卒莫能(neng)辨。洪武初,以書(shu)(shu)名(ming)于時。至正四年(nian)(公元1344)題(ti)李唐《關(guan)山行(xing)旅圖》,故宮博物院藏(zang)有(you)其二(er)十年(nian)(公元1360)於黃(huang)岡之(zhi)康園(yuan)所(suo)臨定武蘭亭。
附(fu)上俞和墓志,出處:欽定四庫全書 始豐稿巻十三(明)徐一夔 撰 ○墓志銘(書法江湖聽梧(wu)閣提供)
俞子中墓碣
錢塘(tang)俞(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)塟也(ye)五年于茲矣,而(er)(er)(er)志(zhi)墓之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石未樹(shu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)友(you)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)為(wei)(wei)潭府(fu)臣僚者,以(yi)(yi)(yi)王有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)臨池之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)好,取(qu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)遺墨(mo)(mo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)獻王,既(ji)(ji)覽,若曰,以(yi)(yi)(yi)予而(er)(er)(er)觀其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)筆意,亦足以(yi)(yi)(yi)發(fa),不(bu)(bu)(bu)可使(shi)此(ci)人泯焉(yan)無(wu)聞,王適(shi)(shi)遣使(shi)如(ru)浙(zhe),因賜(si)鈔若干貫俾其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)家(jia)(jia),為(wei)(wei)石刻費,使(shi)者既(ji)(ji)至(zhi),召其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孤(gu)授之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孤(gu)既(ji)(ji)西向拜(bai)受,乃來謁余請(qing)銘,余與(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)交游(you)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)誼,固不(bu)(bu)(bu)得而(er)(er)(er)辭,矧遇賢王貤恩於子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)既(ji)(ji)歿之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)後(hou)(hou),誠(cheng)希(xi)遇也(ye),扵凡文(wen)(wen)翰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士,亦與(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)光,何敢不(bu)(bu)(bu)銘之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)哉,子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)(wei)人,不(bu)(bu)(bu)尚表襮與(yu)俗(su),浮湛(zhan)若玩世,然(ran)少時(shi)得見趙文(wen)(wen)敏公(gong)(gong)用筆之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法,極力工(gong)書(shu)(shu),書(shu)(shu)日益有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)名,篆(zhuan)楷行(xing)(xing)草(cao),各臻于妙(miao)(miao),一紙(zhi)出(chu)(chu),戱用文(wen)(wen)敏公(gong)(gong)私印,識之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人莫能(neng)辨其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)真贗,至(zhi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)臨摹晉唐人法書(shu)(shu),尤稱(cheng)妙(miao)(miao)絕(jue),髙堂(tang)廣(guang)廈,風日清美,賔友(you)會(hui)集,酒數(shu)行(xing)(xing)後(hou)(hou),濡筆伸紙(zhi),一揮(hui)數(shu)十(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing),波(bo)戈趯磔,轉換(huan)神速(su),真有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)驚(jing)虵入草(cao),飛(fei)鳥出(chu)(chu)林(lin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)態,已乃停筆按紙(zhi),詫眾客曰,顛長(chang)史不(bu)(bu)(bu)我(wo)過也(ye),人爭購之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)珍玩,而(er)(er)(er)雅不(bu)(bu)(bu)樂仕進(jin),至(zhi)正(zheng)初(chu),朝廷修遼金宋三史成書(shu)(shu),移文(wen)(wen)江浙(zhe)行(xing)(xing)省(sheng)(sheng),繕寫(xie)鏤版(ban),遣翰林(lin)應奉(feng)張公(gong)(gong)翥(zhu)來視工(gong),而(er)(er)(er)行(xing)(xing)省(sheng)(sheng)叅知(zhi)政事秦公(gong)(gong)從德任程(cheng)督事,既(ji)(ji)開局,集儒生繕寫(xie),張公(gong)(gong)謂秦公(gong)(gong)曰,此(ci)朝廷盛典,字畫懼不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)式,宜得精書(shu)(shu)法如(ru)俞(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)者校(xiao)正(zheng),秦公(gong)(gong)是之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),即日命有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)司奉(feng)幣請(qing)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)入局,如(ru)式校(xiao)正(zheng),時(shi)行(xing)(xing)省(sheng)(sheng)得自除未入流官,既(ji)(ji)竣事,秦公(gong)(gong)擬以(yi)(yi)(yi)學校(xiao)官處之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)固謝(xie)曰,某(mou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)國家(jia)(jia)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)文(wen)(wen)事,効薄(bo)勞耳,不(bu)(bu)(bu)愿(yuan)仕也(ye),秦公(gong)(gong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)髙志(zhi).亦弗彊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),當是時(shi),文(wen)(wen)章巨家(jia)(jia)如(ru)黃文(wen)(wen)獻公(gong)(gong)溍(jin),陳監(jian)丞旅,前後(hou)(hou)相繼為(wei)(wei)江浙(zhe)提學,每(mei)為(wei)(wei)文(wen)(wen)脫藁,必致子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)書(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),一時(shi)名勝亦莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)與(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)游(you),而(er)(er)(er)方外(wai)髙士若勾曲外(wai)史張公(gong)(gong)伯雨,以(yi)(yi)(yi)辭翰名世,與(yu)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)徃來尤宻,壬(ren)辰之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亂(luan),避地隣(lin)縣之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)黃岡,嘯傲于海風山(shan)月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)閑者,久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),比(bi)還故(gu)廬(lu),故(gu)舊雕(diao)謝(xie),出(chu)(chu)門四(si)顧,無(wu)復(fu)向時(shi)繁華(hua),苐見山(shan)青水綠,則俛首蹙額,感慨系之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),呼(hu)酒獨酌,賦(fu)近體詩歌長(chang)短(duan)句,援筆書(shu)(shu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以(yi)(yi)(yi)寫(xie)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)無(wu)聊不(bu)(bu)(bu)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)思,而(er)(er)(er)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)草(cao)圣猶飛(fei)動如(ru)初(chu),其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)居(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)醉墨(mo)(mo)軒,嘗(chang)屬余記之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),余未及為(wei)(wei)而(er)(er)(er)竟銘其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)墓上之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)石,悲哉,子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)諱和,別號紫芝生,本嚴之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)桐廬(lu)人,自其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)父章游(you)錢塘(tang),因家(jia)(jia)焉(yan),娶(qu)楊氏(shi),先十(shi)(shi)五年卒,子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)男三,長(chang)琮次璂次珩,女(nv)三,長(chang)適(shi)(shi)趙仁本,次皆適(shi)(shi)士族,以(yi)(yi)(yi)洪武十(shi)(shi)五年三月七日卒,享年七十(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)六,卒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)月十(shi)(shi)又七日,塟于其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)縣南山(shan)仙芝塢之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原,銘曰有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)德有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)藝,泊(bo)焉(yan)自守,不(bu)(bu)(bu)遇於生前,而(er)(er)(er)遇於死(si)後(hou)(hou),豈其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)用之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)薄(bo),故(gu)其(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)厚(hou),理有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)固然(ran),又何足究,有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)石如(ru)圭(gui),永貽不(bu)(bu)(bu)朽。
再附(fu)友(you)人贈俞和詩:(書(shu)法(fa)江(jiang)湖field_tian提供(gong))
一翦梅 壽俞子中紫之(疑為芝)(元 凌云翰)
蒼顏白發稱烏紗。瘦(shou)似(si)黃(huang)花。清似(si)梅花。窗吟山(shan)月樂無涯。知是儒家。知是仙家。
紫芝(zhi)服食勝胡麻。不愛繁華。卻愛年華。詞成筆(bi)底(di)是龍蛇。壽酒流(liu)霞(xia)。壽□成霞(xia)。
題醉墨堂,為(wei)桐江俞子中(zhong)賦(明 張昱 可閑老人(ren)集卷一,四(si)庫全書本)
世稱(cheng)草圣(sheng)惟張旭,氣在神先從所欲(yu)。醉來(lai)捉筆走風(feng)雷,電(dian)掣(che)長(chang)云夜(ye)相逐。
健於大野(ye)戰蛟(jiao)龍,媚(mei)似輕波浴鴻鵠。由唐至今幾百年,筆法竟爾(er)失其(qi)傳(chuan)。
芝(zhi)翁乃若神(shen)所(suo)授(shou),亦(yi)以醉墨(mo)題(ti)堂(tang)前。晴絲罥(juan)空王逸少,生蛇(she)絆樹黃庭堅。
筆(bi)法(fa)不(bu)必問(wen)高閑(xian),筆(bi)勢不(bu)必詢懷(huai)素。縱橫遲疾心自知,曾(ceng)見(jian)公(gong)孫大娘舞。
故宮(gong)博(bo)物(wu)院藏(zang)(zang)有墨跡(ji)《篆(zhuan)隸(li)(li)千(qian)字文冊》及自書(shu)詩卷和(he)臨張芝帖等(deng)。《篆(zhuan)隸(li)(li)千(qian)字文》是其(qi)篆(zhuan)書(shu)和(he)隸(li)(li)書(shu)分體(ti)間(jian)書(shu)的書(shu)法杰作(zuo)。紙本墨跡(ji)摺裱冊頁。每幅縱21厘米,橫24.7厘米。現(xian)藏(zang)(zang)臺北故宮(gong)博(bo)物(wu)院。凡37頁,295行(xing)(xing)(xing),正文每行(xing)(xing)(xing)7字,首尾之題字每行(xing)(xing)(xing)字數不一(yi),共(gong)計2063字。款(kuan)署“天(tian)爵賢良嗜(shi)予篆(zhuan)隸(li)(li),因書(shu)此為(wei)贈(zeng)。時(shi)至(zhi)正甲午歲冬十(shi)一(yi)月三(san)日也。清隱散(san)人俞和(he)識(shi)。”此冊為(wei)元(yuan)順(shun)帝(di)至(zhi)正十(shi)四年(公元(yuan)1354)俞和(he)四十(shi)八歲時(shi)所書(shu)。此篆(zhuan)隸(li)(li)《千(qian)字文》,書(shu)法結構簡練隨意而無匠氣(qi),筆秀雅而挺(ting)勁,與世流(liu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)之六體(ti)千(qian)字文比較(jiao),自有書(shu)卷氣(qi)。冊上有清內府鑒藏(zang)(zang)印(yin)九方,并有河南(nan)商丘陳氏收藏(zang)(zang)之印(yin)多方。《石渠寶笈三(san)編》著錄(lu)。
明(ming)(ming)王(wang)世(shi)貞《題俞紫芝急就(jiu)章》:“子(zi)中獨能尋考遺(yi)則于斷(duan)墨殘楮,遂與仲溫并驅。”(仲溫,明(ming)(ming)書家宋克,號南宮生,俞和字號紫芝生,是以(yi)為記。書法江湖處天輯(ji))
明桑悅(yue)評:“紫芝所書,深得松雪筆意,而圭(gui)角(jiao)稍露,比之松雪正如獻之之于羲之也”