舌(she)戰群儒出自明代(dai)羅貫中所著(zhu)章回小說《三國(guo)演義》第43回：“諸葛亮舌(she)戰群儒，魯子敬(jing)力排眾議。”
故事講述諸葛(ge)亮為聯盟孫(sun)權抵抗曹操的(de)過(guo)程中遭到東吳諸謀士(shi)的(de)責難，最后都被諸葛(ge)亮一(yi)一(yi)反駁(bo)，啞口(kou)無言(yan)。
諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)(181—234年(nian))，三國時(shi)杰出政治家、戰略家、外交家。字孔明，號臥(wo)龍。諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)于漢靈帝光(guang)和四(si)年(nian)(181年(nian))出生于瑯邪陽都(dou)(今山東(dong)沂南縣(xian))的一個官吏(li)之家。諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)氏是瑯邪的望族，先(xian)祖諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)豐(feng)曾在西漢元帝時(shi)做(zuo)過(guo)司(si)隸校尉(wei)(衛戍京師的長官)。諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)父(fu)親(qin)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)圭，字君貢，東(dong)漢末(mo)年(nian)做(zuo)過(guo)泰山郡丞。諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)3歲(sui)母親(qin)章氏病(bing)逝,諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)亮(liang)8歲(sui)喪(sang)父(fu)，與弟弟諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)均一起跟隨由袁術任命為豫(yu)章太守的叔父(fu)諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)玄到豫(yu)章赴任。東(dong)漢朝廷派朱(zhu)皓取代(dai)了諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)玄職務，諸(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)葛(ge)(ge)玄就去投奔老朋友(you)荊州(zhou)牧劉(liu)表(biao)。
《三(san)國(guo)演義》是(shi)中國(guo)古代長篇章回小說的(de)開山之作(zuo)。
三(san)(san)國(guo)故事在我國(guo)古(gu)代(dai)民間(jian)(jian)頗為流(liu)行。宋元(yuan)時代(dai)即被搬上舞臺，金、元(yuan)演(yan)出的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)國(guo)劇目達30多種。元(yuan)代(dai)至治(zhi)年間(jian)(jian)出現(xian)了(le)新安虞氏(shi)所刊(kan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《全相三(san)(san)國(guo)志平話(hua)》。元(yuan)末明初羅(luo)貫中綜合(he)民間(jian)(jian)傳(chuan)說和戲曲、話(hua)本(ben)，結合(he)陳壽《三(san)(san)國(guo)志》和裴松之(zhi)注的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)史(shi)料，根據他(ta)個人(ren)對(dui)社(she)會(hui)人(ren)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體悟，創作了(le)《三(san)(san)國(guo)志通俗演(yan)義(yi)》，現(xian)存最早刊(kan)本(ben)是明嘉靖(jing)年所刊(kan)刻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，俗稱“嘉靖(jing)本(ben)”，本(ben)書(shu)24卷。清康熙年間(jian)(jian)，毛綸毛宗崗(gang)父子辨正(zheng)史(shi)事、增刪文字，修改成(cheng)今(jin)日通行的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)120回本(ben)《三(san)(san)國(guo)演(yan)義(yi)》。《三(san)(san)國(guo)演(yan)義(yi)》描(miao)寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是從東漢(han)末年到西晉(jin)初年之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)近一(yi)百年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)風(feng)云(yun)。全書(shu)反映了(le)三(san)(san)國(guo)時代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政治(zhi)軍事斗爭，反映了(le)三(san)(san)國(guo)時代(dai)各(ge)類社(she)會(hui)矛盾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲透(tou)與轉化，概括了(le)這(zhe)一(yi)時代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi)巨變，塑造(zao)了(le)一(yi)批咤叱風(feng)云(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)英雄人(ren)物(wu)(wu)。在對(dui)三(san)(san)國(guo)歷(li)(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)把握上，作者表現(xian)出明顯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擁(yong)劉反曹傾向(xiang)，以(yi)劉備集團(tuan)作為描(miao)寫(xie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中心，對(dui)劉備集團(tuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要人(ren)物(wu)(wu)加(jia)以(yi)歌頌，對(dui)曹操則極力揭露鞭(bian)撻。今(jin)天我們對(dui)于作者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)種擁(yong)劉反曹的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傾向(xiang)應有(you)辯(bian)證的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識(shi)。尊劉反曹是民間(jian)(jian)傳(chuan)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要傾向(xiang)，在羅(luo)貫中生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時代(dai)隱含著人(ren)民對(dui)漢(han)族復興的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)希望(wang)。
《三國(guo)演義》刻(ke)畫了近200個人(ren)(ren)物形象，其中最為(wei)成功的有(you)(you)諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮(liang)、曹操、關羽、劉(liu)備等人(ren)(ren)。諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮(liang)是(shi)作者(zhe)心(xin)(xin)目中的“賢(xian)相”的化身，他具有(you)(you)“鞠躬盡瘁，死而后(hou)已”的高風(feng)亮(liang)節，具有(you)(you)近世(shi)(shi)濟民再造太平盛世(shi)(shi)的雄(xiong)(xiong)心(xin)(xin)壯志，而且作者(zhe)還賦(fu)予他呼(hu)風(feng)喚雨、神機妙算的奇異本(ben)領。曹操是(shi)一位奸雄(xiong)(xiong)，他生活的信條是(shi)“寧教我負(fu)(fu)天(tian)下人(ren)(ren)，不教天(tian)下人(ren)(ren)負(fu)(fu)我”，既有(you)(you)雄(xiong)(xiong)才大略(lve)，又殘(can)暴(bao)奸詐，是(shi)一個政治野心(xin)(xin)家陰謀家這與歷史上的真曹操是(shi)不可混同的。關羽“威猛剛(gang)毅(yi)”、“義重如山”。劉(liu)備被作者(zhe)塑(su)造成為(wei)仁民愛物、視賢(xian)下士、知(zhi)人(ren)(ren)善(shan)任的仁君典型。
《三國演義》描寫(xie)了(le)大大小小的戰爭，構思(si)宏偉，手法多樣(yang)，使我們清晰地看到(dao)了(le)一(yi)場場刀光血(xue)影的戰爭場面。其(qi)中“官渡之戰”和“赤(chi)壁之戰”等戰爭的描寫(xie)波瀾起伏、跌(die)宕跳(tiao)躍(yue)，讀來驚心動魄。
全書(shu)的文不(bu)甚深，言不(bu)甚俗，簡潔明快(kuai)，氣勢(shi)充沛，生動活(huo)潑。
《三國(guo)(guo)演(yan)義》帶來(lai)我國(guo)(guo)歷史小(xiao)說創作的熱潮(chao)，它(ta)所塑造的一系列人(ren)物形(xing)象在我國(guo)(guo)已家喻(yu)戶曉，婦孺皆知。
《三國演(yan)(yan)義》的版本很多(duo)，主要有：明弘治(zhi)刻本《三國志(zhi)(zhi)通俗演(yan)(yan)義》，文(wen)字(zi)粗樸，內容平易；《三國志(zhi)(zhi)演(yan)(yan)義》，清(qing)毛宗崗增刪評(ping)點本，約成(cheng)書于康熙初(chu)年，該本在社(she)會上流傳最為廣泛。人民文(wen)學(xue)出版社(she)多(duo)次重印出版。
《三國演義(yi)》第四十三回(hui)寫諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮只身(shen)隨魯(lu)肅過(guo)江、游(you)說東(dong)(dong)吳(wu)群臣。時(shi)值劉備(bei)新敗，退守夏口，曹操大軍壓(ya)境(jing)，東(dong)(dong)吳(wu)上下主(zhu)降(jiang)之風日盛。在(zai)此(ci)情勢下，諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮以其超人(ren)的膽識同(tong)東(dong)(dong)吳(wu)群儒展開(kai)舌戰，并以其滔(tao)滔(tao)辯才(cai)使(shi)對手一個個皆(jie)成“口”下敗將，并最終說服了孫(sun)權，使(shi)孫(sun)劉聯盟(meng)共抗曹操的局面得以形成。
只記載諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮面見孫權，東吳主戰派(pai)、主和(he)派(pai)相爭日盛。諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮只是(shi)節使。
肅乃引孔明(ming)至幕下(xia)(xia)(xia)。早見(jian)張(zhang)昭、顧雍(yong)等一班文武二十(shi)余人(ren)(ren)，峨(e)冠博帶，整(zheng)衣端坐(zuo)。孔明(ming)逐一相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)見(jian)，各問姓(xing)名。施禮已畢，坐(zuo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)客位。張(zhang)昭等見(jian)孔明(ming)豐(feng)神(shen)飄灑(sa)，器宇軒(xuan)昂，料(liao)道此(ci)(ci)(ci)人(ren)(ren)必來游說(shuo)(shuo)。張(zhang)昭先(xian)(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)言(yan)挑(tiao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)曰(yue)：“昭乃江(jiang)東微末之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士(shi)，久聞先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高臥隆中(zhong)，自(zi)(zi)比(bi)管(guan)(guan)、樂(le)。此(ci)(ci)(ci)語果有之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)乎？”孔明(ming)曰(yue)：“此(ci)(ci)(ci)亮平生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)小(xiao)可(ke)(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)也(ye)(ye)。”昭曰(yue)：“近聞劉(liu)(liu)豫(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)三顧先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)(yu)(yu)草廬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，幸得(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)‘如(ru)(ru)(ru)魚得(de)(de)(de)水’，思(si)欲(yu)(yu)席(xi)卷荊襄。今(jin)(jin)一旦(dan)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)屬曹(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)，未(wei)審是何主見(jian)？”孔明(ming)自(zi)(zi)思(si)張(zhang)昭乃孫(sun)權手下(xia)(xia)(xia)第一個謀士(shi)，若不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)難倒他，如(ru)(ru)(ru)何說(shuo)(shuo)得(de)(de)(de)孫(sun)權，遂答(da)曰(yue)：“吾觀取(qu)漢上(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)，易如(ru)(ru)(ru)反(fan)掌。我主劉(liu)(liu)豫(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)躬行仁(ren)(ren)義，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍奪同宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基業(ye)，故(gu)力辭(ci)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。劉(liu)(liu)琮孺子，聽信(xin)佞言(yan)，暗自(zi)(zi)投降，致(zhi)使曹(cao)操(cao)(cao)(cao)得(de)(de)(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)猖獗。今(jin)(jin)我主屯(tun)兵(bing)(bing)江(jiang)夏(xia)(xia)，別有良圖(tu)，非(fei)等閑可(ke)(ke)知也(ye)(ye)。”昭曰(yue)：“若此(ci)(ci)(ci)，是先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)言(yan)行相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)違也(ye)(ye)。先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)(zi)比(bi)管(guan)(guan)、樂(le)——管(guan)(guan)仲相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)桓公(gong)，霸諸侯，一匡天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)；樂(le)毅扶(fu)持微弱之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燕(yan)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)齊七十(shi)余城(cheng)：此(ci)(ci)(ci)二人(ren)(ren)者(zhe)，真(zhen)(zhen)濟世之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才也(ye)(ye)。先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)在草廬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，但笑傲風月，抱膝危(wei)坐(zuo)。今(jin)(jin)既(ji)從(cong)事劉(liu)(liu)豫(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)，當(dang)為(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靈興利除害(hai)，剿滅亂(luan)賊。且劉(liu)(liu)豫(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)未(wei)得(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前，尚且縱(zong)橫(heng)寰宇，割據(ju)城(cheng)池(chi)；今(jin)(jin)得(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，人(ren)(ren)皆仰(yang)望(wang)。雖(sui)三尺(chi)童(tong)蒙，亦(yi)謂(wei)彪虎生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)翼，將見(jian)漢室復興，曹(cao)氏即滅矣(yi)(yi)。朝廷舊臣，山林隱士(shi)，無(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)拭目而待：以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)拂(fu)高天(tian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)云翳，仰(yang)日月之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)光(guang)輝(hui)，拯民(min)于(yu)(yu)(yu)水火之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，措天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)于(yu)(yu)(yu)衽席(xi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)，在此(ci)(ci)(ci)時(shi)也(ye)(ye)。何先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)(zi)歸豫(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)，曹(cao)兵(bing)(bing)一出(chu)，棄甲(jia)拋戈，望(wang)風而竄；上(shang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能報劉(liu)(liu)表(biao)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)安庶民(min)，下(xia)(xia)(xia)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能輔孤(gu)子而據(ju)疆(jiang)土；乃棄新野，走樊城(cheng)，敗(bai)(bai)當(dang)陽(yang)，奔夏(xia)(xia)口，無(wu)容身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)：是豫(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)既(ji)得(de)(de)(de)先(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，反(fan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)其(qi)初也(ye)(ye)。管(guan)(guan)仲、樂(le)毅，果如(ru)(ru)(ru)是乎？愚直之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，幸勿見(jian)怪！”孔明(ming)聽罷，啞(ya)然(ran)而笑曰(yue)：“鵬飛萬里(li)，其(qi)志(zhi)豈群鳥能識哉？譬如(ru)(ru)(ru)人(ren)(ren)染(ran)沉疴，當(dang)先(xian)(xian)(xian)用糜(mi)粥(zhou)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)飲之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，和(he)藥以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)服之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；待其(qi)腑(fu)臟調和(he)，形體漸安，然(ran)后用肉食以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)補之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，猛(meng)藥以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)治之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：則病根盡去，人(ren)(ren)得(de)(de)(de)全生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)也(ye)(ye)。若不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)待氣脈(mo)和(he)緩(huan)，便以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)猛(meng)藥厚味，欲(yu)(yu)求安保，誠為(wei)(wei)難矣(yi)(yi)。吾主劉(liu)(liu)豫(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)，向日軍敗(bai)(bai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)汝南，寄(ji)跡(ji)劉(liu)(liu)表(biao)，兵(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滿千，將止(zhi)關、張(zhang)、趙云而已：此(ci)(ci)(ci)正(zheng)如(ru)(ru)(ru)病勢(shi)尫羸已極之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)也(ye)(ye)，新野山僻小(xiao)縣，人(ren)(ren)民(min)稀(xi)少，糧食鮮薄(bo)，豫(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過(guo)暫借以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)容身，豈真(zhen)(zhen)將坐(zuo)守于(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)耶？夫(fu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)甲(jia)兵(bing)(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)完，城(cheng)郭(guo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)固，軍不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)經(jing)練，糧不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)繼日，然(ran)而博望(wang)燒屯(tun)，白河用水，使夏(xia)(xia)侯惇，曹(cao)仁(ren)(ren)輩(bei)心驚膽(dan)裂：竊謂(wei)管(guan)(guan)仲、樂(le)毅之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)用兵(bing)(bing)，未(wei)必過(guo)此(ci)(ci)(ci)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)劉(liu)(liu)琮降操(cao)(cao)(cao)，豫(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)實(shi)出(chu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)知；且又不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍乘亂(luan)奪同宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基業(ye)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)真(zhen)(zhen)大(da)(da)仁(ren)(ren)大(da)(da)義也(ye)(ye)。當(dang)陽(yang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敗(bai)(bai)，豫(yu)(yu)(yu)州(zhou)見(jian)有數十(shi)萬赴義之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民(min)，扶(fu)老(lao)攜幼相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)隨，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍棄之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，日行十(shi)里(li)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)思(si)進取(qu)江(jiang)陵，甘與(yu)同敗(bai)(bai)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)亦(yi)大(da)(da)仁(ren)(ren)大(da)(da)義也(ye)(ye)。寡(gua)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敵(di)眾，勝(sheng)負乃其(qi)常事。昔(xi)高皇(huang)(huang)數敗(bai)(bai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)項羽，而垓下(xia)(xia)(xia)一戰(zhan)成功，此(ci)(ci)(ci)非(fei)韓信(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良謀乎？夫(fu)信(xin)久事高皇(huang)(huang)，未(wei)嘗累勝(sheng)。蓋國家大(da)(da)計(ji)，社稷安危(wei)，是有主謀。非(fei)比(bi)夸辯(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒(tu)，虛譽欺(qi)人(ren)(ren)：坐(zuo)議(yi)立談，無(wu)人(ren)(ren)可(ke)(ke)及；臨(lin)機(ji)應變，百無(wu)一能。——誠為(wei)(wei)天(tian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)笑耳(er)！”這一篇(pian)言(yan)語，說(shuo)(shuo)得(de)(de)(de)張(zhang)昭并無(wu)一言(yan)回(hui)答(da)。
座上(shang)忽(hu)一人抗聲問曰(yue)：“今曹公兵(bing)屯百(bai)萬，將(jiang)列千員，龍驤(xiang)虎(hu)視，平(ping)吞江夏，公以(yi)為何如？”孔明視之(zhi)(zhi)，乃(nai)虞(yu)翻也。孔明曰(yue)：“曹操收(shou)袁紹蟻聚之(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)，劫劉表烏合(he)之(zhi)(zhi)眾(zhong)，雖(sui)數百(bai)萬不足(zu)(zu)懼(ju)也。”虞(yu)翻冷笑曰(yue)：“軍敗(bai)于(yu)當陽，計窮于(yu)夏口，區(qu)區(qu)求教于(yu)人，而猶言‘不懼(ju)’，此真大言欺人也！”孔明曰(yue)：“劉豫(yu)州(zhou)以(yi)數千仁義之(zhi)(zhi)師，安能(neng)敵百(bai)萬殘暴之(zhi)(zhi)眾(zhong)？退守(shou)夏口，所(suo)以(yi)待時也。今江東兵(bing)精(jing)糧足(zu)(zu)，且(qie)有長江之(zhi)(zhi)險(xian)，猶欲使其主屈膝(xi)降賊，不顧天下恥笑。——由此論(lun)之(zhi)(zhi)，劉豫(yu)州(zhou)真不懼(ju)操賊者矣！”虞(yu)翻不能(neng)對。
座(zuo)間又一人(ren)(ren)問曰：“孔(kong)明(ming)欲(yu)效儀(yi)、秦(qin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舌，游說東吳耶？”孔(kong)明(ming)視之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，乃(nai)步(bu)(bu)騭也。孔(kong)明(ming)曰：“步(bu)(bu)子山(shan)以蘇(su)(su)秦(qin)張儀(yi)為辯士，不(bu)知(zhi)蘇(su)(su)秦(qin)、張儀(yi)亦(yi)豪(hao)杰也：蘇(su)(su)秦(qin)佩六國(guo)相(xiang)印，張儀(yi)兩次相(xiang)秦(qin)，皆有匡扶(fu)人(ren)(ren)國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)謀，非(fei)比畏強凌(ling)弱，懼刀避劍之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)也。君(jun)等(deng)聞曹操(cao)虛發詐(zha)偽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)詞，便(bian)畏懼請降，敢笑(xiao)蘇(su)(su)秦(qin)、張儀(yi)乎？”步(bu)(bu)騭默(mo)然(ran)無語。
忽(hu)一人(ren)問(wen)曰(yue)(yue)：“孔明(ming)以(yi)(yi)曹操(cao)何如(ru)人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)？”孔明(ming)視其人(ren)，乃(nai)薛(xue)綜(zong)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。孔明(ming)答曰(yue)(yue)：“曹操(cao)乃(nai)漢(han)(han)賊也(ye)(ye)(ye)，又何必問(wen)？”綜(zong)曰(yue)(yue)：“公言差矣(yi)。漢(han)(han)傳世至(zhi)今，天(tian)數(shu)將終。今曹公已(yi)有(you)(you)天(tian)下三分之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)二，人(ren)皆(jie)歸心。劉豫州(zhou)不(bu)(bu)識天(tian)時，強欲與爭，正如(ru)以(yi)(yi)卵擊石，安(an)得不(bu)(bu)敗乎？”孔明(ming)厲聲曰(yue)(yue)：“薛(xue)敬文安(an)得出此(ci)無父無君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言乎！夫人(ren)生天(tian)地間，以(yi)(yi)忠孝為立身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)本。公既為漢(han)(han)臣(chen)，則(ze)見有(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)，當誓(shi)共(gong)戮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：臣(chen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)道(dao)也(ye)(ye)(ye)。今曹操(cao)祖(zu)宗叨食漢(han)(han)祿，不(bu)(bu)思報(bao)效，反懷篡(cuan)逆(ni)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)心，天(tian)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)共(gong)憤(fen)；公乃(nai)以(yi)(yi)天(tian)數(shu)歸之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，真無父無君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)也(ye)(ye)(ye)！不(bu)(bu)足與語(yu)！請勿(wu)復言！”薛(xue)綜(zong)滿(man)面羞慚，不(bu)(bu)能對(dui)答。
座(zuo)上又(you)一(yi)人應(ying)聲問(wen)曰：“曹(cao)操雖(sui)挾天(tian)子以令諸侯，猶(you)是相(xiang)國曹(cao)參之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)。劉豫州雖(sui)云中山靖(jing)王(wang)苗裔，卻無可稽考，眼見(jian)只是織(zhi)席(xi)販屨(ju)之(zhi)夫耳，何(he)(he)足與(yu)曹(cao)操抗衡(heng)哉！”孔明視之(zhi)，乃陸績也。孔明笑曰：“公(gong)非袁術座(zuo)間懷橘之(zhi)陸郎乎？請安坐，聽(ting)吾(wu)一(yi)言：曹(cao)操既(ji)為(wei)(wei)曹(cao)相(xiang)國之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)，則(ze)世為(wei)(wei)漢臣矣；今乃專(zhuan)權(quan)肆橫(heng)，欺(qi)凌(ling)君父，是不(bu)惟無君，亦且蔑祖，不(bu)惟漢室之(zhi)亂(luan)臣，亦曹(cao)氏之(zhi)賊(zei)子也。劉豫州堂(tang)堂(tang)帝胄，當今皇(huang)帝，按(an)譜賜爵，何(he)(he)云‘無可稽考’？且高祖起身亭長，而終(zhong)有(you)天(tian)下；織(zhi)席(xi)販屨(ju)，又(you)何(he)(he)足為(wei)(wei)辱乎？公(gong)小兒之(zhi)見(jian)，不(bu)足與(yu)高士共(gong)語！”陸績語塞(sai)。
座上一人忽(hu)曰(yue)：“孔(kong)明所言(yan)，皆強(qiang)詞奪理(li)，均非正(zheng)論(lun)，不(bu)必再言(yan)。且請(qing)問孔(kong)明治何經(jing)典(dian)？”孔(kong)明視之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，乃嚴(yan)(yan)畯(jun)也。孔(kong)明曰(yue)：“尋章摘句(ju)，世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)腐儒也，何能興邦立事？且古耕莘伊尹(yin)，釣(diao)渭子(zi)牙，張良(liang)、陳平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)流。鄧(deng)禹、耿弇(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輩，皆有匡扶宇宙之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才，未審(shen)其生平治何經(jing)典(dian)。——豈亦效書生，區(qu)區(qu)于筆硯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)，數黑論(lun)黃，舞文弄(nong)墨而已乎？”嚴(yan)(yan)畯(jun)低頭(tou)喪氣而不(bu)能對。
忽又(you)一人大聲(sheng)曰(yue)：“公好為大言(yan)，未必真有(you)實學，恐適為儒(ru)者所笑耳。”孔明視(shi)其人，乃汝陽程(cheng)德樞(shu)也(ye)。孔明答曰(yue)：“儒(ru)有(you)小人君(jun)子(zi)之(zhi)別。君(jun)子(zi)之(zhi)儒(ru)，忠君(jun)愛國，守正惡(e)邪(xie)，務(wu)使澤及當時(shi)，名留后世。——若(ruo)夫小人之(zhi)儒(ru)，惟(wei)務(wu)雕蟲，專工翰墨，青(qing)春作(zuo)賦，皓首窮經；筆下雖(sui)有(you)千言(yan)，胸(xiong)中實無一策。且如(ru)揚雄(xiong)以文章名世，而屈身事莽，不(bu)免投閣而死，此所謂小人之(zhi)儒(ru)也(ye)；雖(sui)日(ri)賦萬(wan)言(yan)，亦何取(qu)哉！”程(cheng)德樞(shu)不(bu)能(neng)對。眾人見孔明對答如(ru)流，盡皆失色。
同坐上張(zhang)溫、駱統二人，又欲問(wen)難。忽(hu)一人自外(wai)而入，厲聲言(yan)曰(yue)(yue)：“孔(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)乃(nai)當世(shi)奇才，君(jun)等以唇舌(she)相難，非敬客之(zhi)禮(li)也(ye)。曹操大兵臨境(jing)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)思退敵之(zhi)策，乃(nai)徒斗口耶(ye)！”眾視其人，乃(nai)零陵人，姓黃(huang)，名蓋(gai)，字(zi)公(gong)覆，現為(wei)東(dong)吳(wu)(wu)糧官。當時(shi)黃(huang)蓋(gai)謂孔(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)：“愚聞多言(yan)獲利，不(bu)(bu)(bu)如默而無言(yan)。何(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)將(jiang)金石(shi)之(zhi)論為(wei)我(wo)主言(yan)之(zhi)，乃(nai)與眾人辯論也(ye)？”孔(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)：“諸(zhu)君(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)知(zhi)世(shi)務，互相問(wen)難，不(bu)(bu)(bu)容(rong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)答(da)耳(er)。”于是(shi)黃(huang)蓋(gai)與魯肅(su)引(yin)孔(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)入。至中門，正遇諸(zhu)葛瑾(jin)(jin)，孔(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)施禮(li)。瑾(jin)(jin)曰(yue)(yue)：“賢弟既到江東(dong)，如何(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)來(lai)見我(wo)？”孔(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)：“弟既事(shi)劉豫州，理宜(yi)先(xian)公(gong)后私(si)。公(gong)事(shi)未畢(bi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)敢(gan)及私(si)。望兄見諒。”瑾(jin)(jin)曰(yue)(yue)：“賢弟見過吳(wu)(wu)侯(hou)，卻來(lai)敘話。”說罷自去(qu)。
魯(lu)肅(su)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“適間所囑，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)有(you)(you)(you)(you)誤(wu)。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)點頭應諾。引至堂上，孫權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)降階而(er)(er)(er)迎(ying)，優禮(li)相(xiang)待。施禮(li)畢(bi)，賜孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)坐。眾(zhong)文(wen)武(wu)分兩(liang)行而(er)(er)(er)立。魯(lu)肅(su)立于孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)側，只(zhi)(zhi)看(kan)他(ta)講話。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)致玄德(de)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)畢(bi)，偷(tou)眼(yan)看(kan)孫權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)：碧眼(yan)紫髯，堂堂一(yi)(yi)表。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)暗思：“此(ci)(ci)人(ren)相(xiang)貌非(fei)常，只(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)激，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)說。等他(ta)問時，用(yong)言(yan)激之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)便(bian)了。”獻茶(cha)已畢(bi)，孫權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“多聞魯(lu)子(zi)敬談足(zu)(zu)下之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才(cai)，今幸(xing)(xing)得(de)(de)相(xiang)見(jian)(jian)(jian)，敢求(qiu)教(jiao)益(yi)。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)才(cai)無學，有(you)(you)(you)(you)辱明(ming)(ming)(ming)問。”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“足(zu)(zu)下近在(zai)新野(ye)，佐劉豫州(zhou)與曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)決戰(zhan)(zhan)，必(bi)深知彼(bi)軍(jun)(jun)虛實。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“劉豫州(zhou)兵(bing)微將(jiang)寡，更兼新野(ye)城(cheng)小無糧(liang)，安能與曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)相(xiang)持。”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)兵(bing)共有(you)(you)(you)(you)多少(shao)？”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“馬步(bu)水軍(jun)(jun)，約有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)百余萬。”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“莫非(fei)詐(zha)乎？”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“非(fei)詐(zha)也。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)就(jiu)兗(yan)州(zhou)已有(you)(you)(you)(you)青州(zhou)軍(jun)(jun)二十萬；平(ping)了袁紹，又得(de)(de)五六十萬；中(zhong)原(yuan)新招之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)兵(bing)三四十萬；今又得(de)(de)荊州(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)軍(jun)(jun)二三十萬：以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)計之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)下一(yi)(yi)百五十萬。亮(liang)以(yi)(yi)百萬言(yan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，恐(kong)驚江(jiang)東之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士也。”魯(lu)肅(su)在(zai)旁，聞言(yan)失色，以(yi)(yi)目視(shi)(shi)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)；孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)只(zhi)(zhi)做不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)(jian)(jian)。權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)部下戰(zhan)(zhan)將(jiang)，還有(you)(you)(you)(you)多少(shao)？”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“足(zu)(zu)智多謀(mou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)士，能征慣戰(zhan)(zhan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)將(jiang)，何(he)止一(yi)(yi)二千人(ren)。”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“今曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)平(ping)了荊、楚，復(fu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)遠圖乎？”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“即(ji)今沿江(jiang)下寨(zhai)，準(zhun)備戰(zhan)(zhan)船，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)欲圖江(jiang)東，待取何(he)地(di)？”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“若彼(bi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)吞(tun)并之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)意(yi)，戰(zhan)(zhan)與不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)戰(zhan)(zhan)，請足(zu)(zu)下為我(wo)(wo)(wo)一(yi)(yi)決。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“亮(liang)有(you)(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)言(yan)，但恐(kong)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯聽從(cong)。”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“愿聞高論(lun)。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“向(xiang)者(zhe)宇內(nei)大亂，故將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)起江(jiang)東，劉豫州(zhou)收眾(zhong)漢南，與曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)并爭天(tian)下。今操(cao)(cao)芟除大難(nan)，略已平(ping)矣；近又新破(po)荊州(zhou)，威(wei)震(zhen)海內(nei)；縱有(you)(you)(you)(you)英雄(xiong)，無用(yong)武(wu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)：故豫州(zhou)遁逃至此(ci)(ci)。愿將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)量(liang)力而(er)(er)(er)處之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)：若能以(yi)(yi)吳、越之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾(zhong)，與中(zhong)國抗衡，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)早與之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)絕(jue)；若其(qi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能，何(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)從(cong)眾(zhong)謀(mou)士之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論(lun)，按兵(bing)束(shu)甲，北面而(er)(er)(er)事(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)未及答。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)又曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)外(wai)托服從(cong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名，內(nei)懷疑貳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)見(jian)(jian)(jian)，事(shi)(shi)急(ji)而(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)斷，禍至無日(ri)矣！”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“誠如(ru)君言(yan)，劉豫州(zhou)何(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)降操(cao)(cao)？”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“昔田橫，齊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)壯士耳，猶守義(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)辱。況劉豫州(zhou)王(wang)室之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)胄，英才(cai)蓋世，眾(zhong)士仰慕。事(shi)(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)濟，此(ci)(ci)乃天(tian)也。又安能屈處人(ren)下乎！”孫權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)聽了孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)此(ci)(ci)言(yan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)覺勃然變色，拂衣而(er)(er)(er)起，退入后堂。眾(zhong)皆哂(shen)笑而(er)(er)(er)散，魯(lu)肅(su)責(ze)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“先生何(he)故出此(ci)(ci)言(yan)？幸(xing)(xing)是吾(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)寬洪大度，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)即(ji)面責(ze)。先生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)言(yan)，藐(miao)視(shi)(shi)吾(wu)主(zhu)(zhu)甚矣。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)仰面笑曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“何(he)如(ru)此(ci)(ci)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能容(rong)(rong)物(wu)(wu)耶！我(wo)(wo)(wo)自(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)破(po)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)計，彼(bi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)問我(wo)(wo)(wo)，我(wo)(wo)(wo)故不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)言(yan)。”肅(su)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“果有(you)(you)(you)(you)良策，肅(su)當請主(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)求(qiu)教(jiao)。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“吾(wu)視(shi)(shi)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)(cao)百萬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾(zhong)，如(ru)群(qun)蟻耳！但我(wo)(wo)(wo)一(yi)(yi)舉手(shou)，則皆為齏(ji)粉矣！”肅(su)聞言(yan)，便(bian)入后堂見(jian)(jian)(jian)孫權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)怒氣未息，顧謂肅(su)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)欺吾(wu)太甚！”肅(su)曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“臣(chen)亦以(yi)(yi)此(ci)(ci)責(ze)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)反笑主(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能容(rong)(rong)物(wu)(wu)。破(po)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)策，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯輕言(yan)，主(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)何(he)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)求(qiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)？”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)回嗔作喜曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“原(yuan)來孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)有(you)(you)(you)(you)良謀(mou)，故以(yi)(yi)言(yan)詞激我(wo)(wo)(wo)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)一(yi)(yi)時淺見(jian)(jian)(jian)，幾誤(wu)大事(shi)(shi)。”便(bian)同魯(lu)肅(su)重(zhong)復(fu)出堂，再請孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)敘話。權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)見(jian)(jian)(jian)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)，謝曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“適來冒瀆(du)威(wei)嚴，幸(xing)(xing)勿見(jian)(jian)(jian)罪(zui)(zui)。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)亦謝曰(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)：“亮(liang)言(yan)語冒犯(fan)，望乞(qi)恕(shu)罪(zui)(zui)。”權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)邀(yao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)入后堂，置酒(jiu)相(xiang)待。
數(shu)巡之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，權曰：“曹(cao)操(cao)平生所惡(e)者(zhe)：呂(lv)布、劉表、袁紹、袁術、豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)與孤耳。今(jin)數(shu)雄已滅(mie)，獨豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)與孤尚存。孤不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)以全吳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地，受制于人(ren)(ren)。吾計(ji)決矣。非(fei)(fei)劉豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)莫與當曹(cao)操(cao)者(zhe)；然豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)新敗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，安能(neng)(neng)抗此難乎？”孔明曰：“豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)雖(sui)新敗，然關云(yun)長(chang)猶率(lv)精兵萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)；劉琦(qi)領江夏戰士(shi)，亦不(bu)(bu)下萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)。曹(cao)操(cao)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)眾(zhong)，遠來疲憊；近追(zhui)豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)，輕騎一日夜(ye)行三百里，此所謂強弩(nu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)末，勢不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)穿(chuan)魯縞者(zhe)也。且北方之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)(ren)，不(bu)(bu)習(xi)水戰。荊州(zhou)(zhou)士(shi)民(min)附操(cao)者(zhe)，迫于勢耳，非(fei)(fei)本心也。今(jin)將軍(jun)誠能(neng)(neng)與豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)協(xie)力同心，破曹(cao)軍(jun)必矣。操(cao)軍(jun)破，必北還，則荊、吳之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勢強，而(er)鼎足之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)形成矣。成敗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機，在(zai)于今(jin)日。惟將軍(jun)裁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”
魯(lu)肅(su)回報(bao)孫權(quan)，孫權(quan)安(an)(an)排第二(er)天召集(ji)文武于(yu)帳(zhang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，請臥龍先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)來，升堂議(yi)事(shi)(shi)。第二(er)天，魯(lu)肅(su)到(dao)(dao)驛(yi)館接孔(kong)明(ming)(ming)同往孫權(quan)大帳(zhang)中(zhong)。孔(kong)明(ming)(ming)只見(jian)張(zhang)昭(zhao)、顧(gu)雍(yong)等一(yi)(yi)班二(er)十多位(wei)文武官員，峨冠博(bo)帶，整衣(yi)端坐(zuo)。孔(kong)明(ming)(ming)一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)見(jian)禮，之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后在(zai)客位(wei)上(shang)(shang)(shang)落坐(zuo)。張(zhang)昭(zhao)等人(ren)(ren)(ren)看(kan)到(dao)(dao)諸(zhu)葛孔(kong)明(ming)(ming)豐神飄灑，器宇軒昂，料他(ta)(ta)一(yi)(yi)定是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)來游(you)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)。張(zhang)昭(zhao)便率(lv)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)開口(kou)試(shi)問孔(kong)明(ming)(ming)道(dao)：“我(wo)(wo)(wo)張(zhang)昭(zhao)乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)江(jiang)東的(de)(de)小(xiao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)物(wu)，早就(jiu)(jiu)聽(ting)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)臥隆中(zhong)，自(zi)(zi)(zi)比(bi)管(guan)仲(zhong)、樂毅(yi)，有這(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)嗎(ma)(ma)？”孔(kong)明(ming)(ming)回答道(dao)：“這(zhe)(zhe)只不(bu)(bu)(bu)過是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)亮平生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)可(ke)(ke)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)。”張(zhang)昭(zhao)道(dao)：“新近聽(ting)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)備(bei)(bei)(bei)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)三(san)顧(gu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)草廬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)，幸得先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，以為(wei)(wei)‘如(ru)(ru)(ru)魚得水’因(yin)(yin)而(er)欲(yu)想(xiang)席卷(juan)荊襄。如(ru)(ru)(ru)今荊襄卻一(yi)(yi)下(xia)(xia)(xia)歸屬了(le)(le)(le)曹(cao)操(cao)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)知你們(men)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)何(he)用(yong)意(yi)啊？”孔(kong)明(ming)(ming)暗想(xiang)：張(zhang)昭(zhao)乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)孫權(quan)手下(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)第一(yi)(yi)謀(mou)(mou)士，若不(bu)(bu)(bu)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)難(nan)(nan)倒他(ta)(ta)，如(ru)(ru)(ru)何(he)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)服得了(le)(le)(le)孫權(quan)？于(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)答道(dao)：“在(zai)我(wo)(wo)(wo)看(kan)來，我(wo)(wo)(wo)主(zhu)取(qu)漢上(shang)(shang)(shang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地易如(ru)(ru)(ru)反掌(zhang)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)主(zhu)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)備(bei)(bei)(bei)謙(qian)卑(bei)仁(ren)(ren)義，不(bu)(bu)(bu)忍去(qu)奪同宗兄弟的(de)(de)基業，因(yin)(yin)此(ci)將荊州(zhou)(zhou)推讓掉了(le)(le)(le)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)琮是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)孩子，聽(ting)任佞言，私自(zi)(zi)(zi)投(tou)降，致使曹(cao)操(cao)很猖獗。如(ru)(ru)(ru)今我(wo)(wo)(wo)主(zhu)屯兵(bing)江(jiang)夏，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)另(ling)有良(liang)圖(tu)，這(zhe)(zhe)可(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等閑(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輩所能(neng)理解的(de)(de)。”張(zhang)昭(zhao)道(dao)：“如(ru)(ru)(ru)果是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)樣，先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)可(ke)(ke)就(jiu)(jiu)自(zi)(zi)(zi)相矛盾了(le)(le)(le)。先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)比(bi)管(guan)仲(zhong)、樂毅(yi)，管(guan)仲(zhong)輔佐桓(huan)公(gong)稱霸(ba)諸(zhu)侯，一(yi)(yi)統(tong)天下(xia)(xia)(xia)；樂毅(yi)扶(fu)持微弱的(de)(de)燕國(guo)，拿(na)下(xia)(xia)(xia)齊國(guo)七十多個(ge)(ge)城(cheng)池(chi)。這(zhe)(zhe)兩個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，可(ke)(ke)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)濟(ji)世(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)才啊！而(er)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)只會在(zai)草廬之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)中(zhong)笑傲(ao)風月(yue)、抱膝(xi)危坐(zuo)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)今既然(ran)事(shi)(shi)從劉(liu)(liu)(liu)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，就(jiu)(jiu)該(gai)為(wei)(wei)百(bai)姓牟(mou)利益，除(chu)害(hai)滅(mie)賊。然(ran)而(er)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)備(bei)(bei)(bei)在(zai)未得先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時，尚能(neng)夠(gou)縱橫天下(xia)(xia)(xia)，割據城(cheng)地；如(ru)(ru)(ru)今得了(le)(le)(le)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)更加仰望(wang)(wang)(wang)，就(jiu)(jiu)連三(san)歲的(de)(de)幼(you)童都(dou)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)備(bei)(bei)(bei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)虎添翼，不(bu)(bu)(bu)久漢室興旺，曹(cao)操(cao)可(ke)(ke)滅(mie)了(le)(le)(le)。朝(chao)野上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)(xia)(xia)無(wu)(wu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)拭目以待，對先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)抱著(zhu)(zhu)極大希望(wang)(wang)(wang)。可(ke)(ke)為(wei)(wei)何(he)自(zi)(zi)(zi)從先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)跟了(le)(le)(le)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，曹(cao)兵(bing)一(yi)(yi)來，你們(men)就(jiu)(jiu)丟盔卸(xie)甲，望(wang)(wang)(wang)風而(er)竄，棄(qi)新野，走樊(fan)城(cheng)，敗(bai)當陽，奔夏口(kou)，無(wu)(wu)容身(shen)(shen)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地。如(ru)(ru)(ru)此(ci)辜負(fu)了(le)(le)(le)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)表遺(yi)愿(yuan)，令天下(xia)(xia)(xia)百(bai)姓大失所望(wang)(wang)(wang)。那(nei)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)自(zi)(zi)(zi)從有了(le)(le)(le)先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，為(wei)(wei)何(he)反倒不(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)當初了(le)(le)(le)呢(ni)？管(guan)仲(zhong)、樂毅(yi)難(nan)(nan)道(dao)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)嗎(ma)(ma)？我(wo)(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)話愚(yu)魯(lu)直率(lv)，請先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)要見(jian)怪！”孔(kong)明(ming)(ming)聽(ting)罷，無(wu)(wu)聲地笑了(le)(le)(le)笑，說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)道(dao)：“大鵬展翅飛萬里(li)，它的(de)(de)志(zhi)向難(nan)(nan)道(dao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)那(nei)些(xie)小(xiao)燕雀能(neng)認識的(de)(de)嗎(ma)(ma)？比(bi)如(ru)(ru)(ru)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)得了(le)(le)(le)多年的(de)(de)痼疾，應(ying)當先(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)給他(ta)(ta)喝(he)點稀粥，同藥(yao)一(yi)(yi)起服下(xia)(xia)(xia)。等到(dao)(dao)他(ta)(ta)肺腹調和(he)、形體(ti)慢慢養得安(an)(an)穩些(xie)了(le)(le)(le)，再用(yong)肉食補養，加上(shang)(shang)(shang)效力強的(de)(de)藥(yao)治療，這(zhe)(zhe)樣病根才能(neng)除(chu)盡，人(ren)(ren)(ren)得以全面(mian)康復。如(ru)(ru)(ru)果不(bu)(bu)(bu)等病人(ren)(ren)(ren)氣(qi)脈緩和(he)，就(jiu)(jiu)給他(ta)(ta)吃烈(lie)藥(yao)和(he)味道(dao)厚(hou)重的(de)(de)食物(wu)，想(xiang)要求得平安(an)(an)，實在(zai)就(jiu)(jiu)難(nan)(nan)了(le)(le)(le)。我(wo)(wo)(wo)主(zhu)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)備(bei)(bei)(bei)，以前兵(bing)敗(bai)于(yu)汝南，寄靠(kao)在(zai)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)表門下(xia)(xia)(xia)，兵(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)(dao)一(yi)(yi)千，將只關、張(zhang)、趙(zhao)云，正像是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)病重危急的(de)(de)時刻。新野小(xiao)縣地僻人(ren)(ren)(ren)稀糧又(you)少，他(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)過是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)暫時借(jie)以安(an)(an)身(shen)(shen)，怎(zen)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)長久坐(zuo)守(shou)在(zai)那(nei)里(li)呢(ni)？但就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)這(zhe)(zhe)樣的(de)(de)處境條件(jian)下(xia)(xia)(xia)，卻能(neng)夠(gou)火(huo)燒博(bo)望(wang)(wang)(wang)，水淹曹(cao)軍，令夏侯惇(dun)等心驚膽(dan)寒(han)。依我(wo)(wo)(wo)看(kan)來，就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管(guan)仲(zhong)、樂毅(yi)用(yong)兵(bing)，也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)過如(ru)(ru)(ru)此(ci)吧(ba)。至于(yu)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)琮投(tou)降曹(cao)操(cao)，豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)當時根本不(bu)(bu)(bu)知，且(qie)又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)忍心乘亂奪取(qu)同宗之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)業；當陽之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敗(bai)，豫(yu)州(zhou)(zhou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)忍丟下(xia)(xia)(xia)百(bai)姓，幾(ji)十萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)扶(fu)老(lao)攜幼(you)相隨渡江(jiang)，每日與(yu)民一(yi)(yi)同顛(dian)簸(bo)十余里(li)路而(er)放棄(qi)去(qu)取(qu)江(jiang)陵，真是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大仁(ren)(ren)大義啊！寡(gua)不(bu)(bu)(bu)敵眾，勝(sheng)(sheng)負(fu)乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)兵(bing)家常事(shi)(shi)。昔日漢高(gao)祖劉(liu)(liu)(liu)邦多次敗(bai)給項羽，然(ran)而(er)垓(gai)下(xia)(xia)(xia)一(yi)(yi)戰卻取(qu)得了(le)(le)(le)決定性勝(sheng)(sheng)利，難(nan)(nan)道(dao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)為(wei)(wei)韓信(xin)為(wei)(wei)他(ta)(ta)出(chu)了(le)(le)(le)良(liang)謀(mou)(mou)嗎(ma)(ma)？可(ke)(ke)韓信(xin)扶(fu)佐劉(liu)(liu)(liu)邦那(nei)么(me)久，也(ye)沒得幾(ji)次勝(sheng)(sheng)利啊。因(yin)(yin)此(ci)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)，國(guo)家大事(shi)(shi)，天下(xia)(xia)(xia)安(an)(an)危，要靠(kao)謀(mou)(mou)劃。那(nei)些(xie)夸(kua)夸(kua)其談、善(shan)于(yu)巧(qiao)辯之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒，靠(kao)虛榮之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)壓(ya)人(ren)(ren)(ren)；盡管(guan)能(neng)夠(gou)坐(zuo)著(zhu)(zhu)議(yi)論、站著(zhu)(zhu)高(gao)談，可(ke)(ke)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)到(dao)(dao)了(le)(le)(le)關鍵時刻應(ying)付各種形勢變化(hua)，卻什么(me)都(dou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)行了(le)(le)(le)。——這(zhe)(zhe)才真正是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)叫(jiao)天下(xia)(xia)(xia)恥笑的(de)(de)呀！”孔(kong)明(ming)(ming)一(yi)(yi)番話，說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)得張(zhang)昭(zhao)沒有一(yi)(yi)句(ju)可(ke)(ke)以對答。
這(zhe)時(shi)座(zuo)中一人(ren)(ren)(ren)忽然高聲(sheng)問(wen)道(dao)：“如今(jin)曹(cao)公屯(tun)兵百萬(wan)，列將(jiang)千名，虎(hu)視眈(dan)眈(dan)要踏平、吞食(shi)江夏，先生認(ren)為該怎(zen)么辦(ban)呢(ni)？”孔(kong)明(ming)望(wang)去，乃(nai)是(shi)虞(yu)翻(fan)。孔(kong)明(ming)道(dao)：“曹(cao)操收并了(le)袁(yuan)紹蟻聚(ju)之兵，劫劉(liu)表烏(wu)合之眾，雖然百萬(wan)之軍(jun)，也沒什(shen)么可(ke)怕。”虞(yu)翻(fan)一聽冷笑道(dao)：“你們(men)(men)軍(jun)敗于當陽，計窮(qiong)于夏口，區(qu)區(qu)求救于人(ren)(ren)(ren)，還說‘不(bu)怕’，這(zhe)可(ke)真(zhen)是(shi)大言(yan)不(bu)慚啊！”孔(kong)明(ming)道(dao)：“劉(liu)備不(bu)是(shi)只靠(kao)幾千仁義之師，就能抵抗(kang)百萬(wan)殘(can)暴(bao)之眾的(de)嗎？退守夏口是(shi)為了(le)等待(dai)更(geng)好的(de)時(shi)機。而如今(jin)，你們(men)(men)江東兵精糧足，且憑借有長江之天險(xian)，有的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)卻還想要主(zhu)公孫權屈(qu)膝投(tou)降曹(cao)賊(zei)，而竟不(bu)顧(gu)天下(xia)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)恥笑。——從這(zhe)一點(dian)來看，劉(liu)備難道(dao)是(shi)怕曹(cao)操的(de)嗎？”虞(yu)翻(fan)被(bei)說得啞口無言(yan)了(le)。
座中又(you)一人發問(wen)道(dao)：“孔明先(xian)生難道(dao)想效法張儀(yi)和蘇(su)秦來游說我們東吳嗎？”孔明一看，是(shi)(shi)步(bu)騭，回敬道(dao)：“步(bu)子山先(xian)生以為張儀(yi)、蘇(su)秦是(shi)(shi)辯士，卻大(da)概(gai)還(huan)不知(zhi)道(dao)他二人也是(shi)(shi)豪杰吧；蘇(su)秦佩掛六國相(xiang)印，張儀(yi)兩次為秦國宰相(xiang)，都是(shi)(shi)匡扶(fu)國家(jia)的(de)謀(mou)士，可(ke)不是(shi)(shi)那些畏強欺弱(ruo)、怕(pa)刀怕(pa)槍(qiang)的(de)人所能比(bi)的(de)。君等只聽曹操虛發的(de)假詐之詞，就嚇得想去投降，還(huan)竟好意思在這里笑話蘇(su)秦和張儀(yi)嗎？”步(bu)騭也被問(wen)得說不出話了。
忽然(ran)，又有(you)人(ren)(ren)問道：“孔明(ming)(ming)認為曹操(cao)是(shi)(shi)個什(shen)么(me)人(ren)(ren)呢(ni)？”孔明(ming)(ming)看(kan)那人(ren)(ren)，乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)薛(xue)綜，答(da)道：“曹操(cao)乃(nai)是(shi)(shi)漢(han)(han)賊，這(zhe)還(huan)用(yong)問嗎？”薛(xue)綜道：“先生說得不(bu)對。漢(han)(han)朝歷(li)代(dai)至今(jin)，天數眼看(kan)就要完了(le)。如今(jin)曹公(gong)擁有(you)三(san)分之二天下，人(ren)(ren)都歸(gui)心(xin)與他。劉備(bei)不(bu)識天時(shi)，強要與之分爭，正是(shi)(shi)好(hao)比以卵擊石(shi)，怎能不(bu)敗呢(ni)？”孔明(ming)(ming)這(zhe)時(shi)厲聲說道：“薛(xue)敬文怎么(me)能出此沒(mei)有(you)君臣(chen)父子、沒(mei)有(you)高低倫理之言呢(ni)？人(ren)(ren)生在天地之間，應(ying)(ying)以忠(zhong)孝(xiao)作為立身之本。薛(xue)公(gong)既(ji)然(ran)是(shi)(shi)漢(han)(han)臣(chen)，卻有(you)不(bu)臣(chen)之心(xin)，應(ying)(ying)當打消這(zhe)些思想，才是(shi)(shi)為臣(chen)的(de)(de)正道。曹操(cao)的(de)(de)祖(zu)宗食(shi)漢(han)(han)祿，卻不(bu)思報孝(xiao)漢(han)(han)室，反懷有(you)篡(cuan)權(quan)叛(pan)逆之心(xin)，讓天下人(ren)(ren)憎(zeng)忿，薛(xue)公(gong)卻說天數歸(gui)之曹操(cao)，真是(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)父無(wu)(wu)君、沒(mei)有(you)綱常的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)呀(ya)！我沒(mei)有(you)必要同(tong)你(ni)講話(hua)，請不(bu)必多言了(le)！”薛(xue)綜滿面羞(xiu)慚，無(wu)(wu)話(hua)對答(da)。
座上又有一人應聲問道(dao)：“曹操雖然(ran)挾天子以令諸侯，可(ke)畢竟也是相國曹參的后代(dai)。劉備(bei)雖自說是所謂(wei)中山靖王的苗(miao)裔(yi)，卻沒有考(kao)證，人們親眼所見(jian)的，他(ta)(ta)(ta)只不(bu)過是一個編草(cao)席(xi)賣草(cao)鞋的俗夫罷(ba)了，有什么資格來(lai)和(he)曹操抗衡呢！”孔明(ming)看(kan)去，原來(lai)是陸績。孔明(ming)笑(xiao)起(qi)來(lai)，道(dao)：“曹操既然(ran)是曹相國的后代(dai)，就(jiu)更證明(ming)他(ta)(ta)(ta)世代(dai)都為(wei)漢(han)臣，而如今他(ta)(ta)(ta)卻手握王權，肆意橫行，欺(qi)君妄上，不(bu)僅(jin)是目(mu)無君主，而且是蔑視祖宗(zong)，不(bu)僅(jin)是漢(han)室(shi)之亂臣，而且是曹氏之賊(zei)子。劉備(bei)是堂(tang)堂(tang)正(zheng)(zheng)正(zheng)(zheng)的漢(han)室(shi)之胄，當今皇(huang)帝(di)依據世宗(zong)祖譜(pu)賜與他(ta)(ta)(ta)官爵，你(ni)憑什么說‘無可(ke)查考(kao)’呢？況且高祖就(jiu)是從區(qu)區(qu)亭長開始建業起(qi)身的，織席(xi)賣鞋又有什么可(ke)以為(wei)恥辱的呢？我看(kan)你(ni)真是小兒之見(jian)，怎能和(he)高士一起(qi)理論！”陸績不(bu)禁閉口塞(sai)舌。
席中又一(yi)人(ren)說(shuo)(shuo)道(dao)：“孔(kong)明所言，都是(shi)(shi)(shi)強(qiang)詞奪(duo)理，全不是(shi)(shi)(shi)正(zheng)經之談，不必再說(shuo)(shuo)了。只請問孔(kong)明著(zhu)有什么(me)經典之論嗎？”孔(kong)明看他(ta)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴峻(jun)，說(shuo)(shuo)道(dao)：“尋章摘句，是(shi)(shi)(shi)世上那些迂腐儒士的所為，哪(na)能夠依(yi)此興國立(li)事。古時候躬耕的莘伊尹，垂釣于(yu)渭水的姜子牙，還有張良、鄧禹(yu)等(deng)名(ming)士高人(ren)都沒(mei)見他(ta)們有什么(me)經典論著(zhu)。——難道(dao)說(shuo)(shuo)你整天就光只是(shi)(shi)(shi)效仿那些酸腐的書生，區(qu)區(qu)于(yu)筆硯之間，數黑論黃、舞文弄墨而已嗎？”嚴峻(jun)垂頭(tou)喪氣地無以(yi)作答。
忽然一個人(ren)大聲說道：“諸葛公好說大話，未必(bi)有(you)真才實學(xue)(xue)，恐(kong)怕到時(shi)(shi)恰恰要被文(wen)人(ren)學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)所笑呢。”孔明看(kan)那人(ren)，乃是(shi)程德樞，便(bian)回答道：“文(wen)人(ren)學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)有(you)君(jun)子與(yu)小(xiao)人(ren)之(zhi)分。作(zuo)為君(jun)子的文(wen)人(ren)，忠君(jun)愛國，堅守(shou)正(zheng)義，憎惡(e)邪佞，盡力為時(shi)(shi)代做出自己的貢獻(xian)，美名傳于(yu)后世。而(er)作(zuo)為小(xiao)人(ren)的學(xue)(xue)者(zhe)，只鉆營雕蟲小(xiao)技，用(yong)(yong)心于(yu)文(wen)墨，年輕(qing)時(shi)(shi)作(zuo)賦，人(ren)老了把經都念完。筆下(xia)即(ji)便(bian)有(you)千言(yan)，胸中卻(que)沒有(you)一點實實在(zai)在(zai)的計策。就像楊雄那樣，雖然以文(wen)章著稱于(yu)世，卻(que)屈身于(yu)草(cao)莽強(qiang)盜之(zhi)手，走(zou)投(tou)無路(lu)最(zui)后跳樓(lou)而(er)死。這(zhe)就是(shi)所謂的小(xiao)人(ren)之(zhi)儒。即(ji)使他每天吟(yin)詩(shi)作(zuo)賦上萬言(yan)，可又有(you)什么用(yong)(yong)呢！”程德樞也不(bu)能應對(dui)了。
眾(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)(ren)見孔明對(dui)答(da)如流，全(quan)都已(yi)驚慌失色。此(ci)時(shi)座中還有人(ren)(ren)想要(yao)問難(nan)孔明，忽然有個人(ren)(ren)從外面走進來，厲聲說道：“孔明乃(nai)是當世奇才，諸(zhu)位以唇舌相(xiang)難(nan)，可不(bu)(bu)是敬客之禮。曹(cao)操大軍(jun)壓境，你們不(bu)(bu)商討(tao)退兵之策，光在這里斗嘴！”眾(zhong)(zhong)人(ren)(ren)一看，是督糧(liang)官(guan)黃(huang)蓋黃(huang)公覆。黃(huang)蓋對(dui)孔明道：“先生何不(bu)(bu)將金石之論對(dui)我(wo)(wo)主說去(qu)？”孔明道：“諸(zhu)君不(bu)(bu)識(shi)時(shi)務，互相(xiang)問難(nan)，容不(bu)(bu)得(de)我(wo)(wo)不(bu)(bu)答(da)。”
于是黃蓋和魯肅帶孔明(ming)進入中門，正巧遇(yu)到(dao)諸(zhu)(zhu)葛瑾，孔明(ming)給他兄(xiong)長(chang)施禮。諸(zhu)(zhu)葛瑾說(shuo)：“賢(xian)弟(di)既然已來到(dao)江東，為何不來見(jian)(jian)我(wo)呢？”孔明(ming)說(shuo)：“弟(di)已輔佐劉備，理當先公后私。公事(shi)沒辦完，不敢(gan)旁及私事(shi)。請哥(ge)(ge)哥(ge)(ge)見(jian)(jian)諒。”諸(zhu)(zhu)葛瑾道：“賢(xian)弟(di)拜見(jian)(jian)過吳侯，就到(dao)我(wo)那(nei)里(li)敘話。”說(shuo)完便走了。
魯(lu)肅(su)(su)對(dui)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)囑咐(fu)道(dao)(dao)：“今天(tian)見(jian)(jian)到(dao)(dao)我(wo)(wo)家(jia)主(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)，千(qian)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)別說(shuo)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)兵多(duo)。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)笑說(shuo)：“亮自會隨(sui)機應變。”他(ta)(ta)(ta)們(men)來(lai)(lai)到(dao)(dao)大堂(tang)(tang)之(zhi)上，孫(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)下階而迎，厚禮相侍，請(qing)(qing)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)坐，眾文(wen)武分列兩旁，魯(lu)肅(su)(su)站(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)(zai)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)邊上。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)見(jian)(jian)孫(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)碧(bi)眼紫發，儀表堂(tang)(tang)堂(tang)(tang)，暗(an)想，此人(ren)(ren)相貌不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)般，只能(neng)用(yong)話激(ji)他(ta)(ta)(ta)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)光講道(dao)(dao)理。于(yu)(yu)是，等孫(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)問起(qi)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)現有(you)(you)(you)多(duo)少兵馬時，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)說(shuo)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)多(duo)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)。孫(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)道(dao)(dao)：“怕不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是在(zai)(zai)詐我(wo)(wo)們(men)吧(ba)？”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)便將(jiang)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)原(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)兵力(li)，加上從(cong)袁紹、中原(yuan)和荊(jing)州那(nei)里新增(zeng)的(de)(de)兵力(li)算在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起(qi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)下一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)五(wu)十多(duo)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)。他(ta)(ta)(ta)方才(cai)說(shuo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)百(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)，是怕嚇著江(jiang)東之(zhi)士(shi)(shi)；且(qie)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)手下戰(zhan)將(jiang)謀(mou)士(shi)(shi)都(dou)(dou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)下一(yi)(yi)(yi)二(er)千(qian)。魯(lu)肅(su)(su)在(zai)(zai)旁一(yi)(yi)(yi)聽，驚(jing)慌失色(se)(se)，連忙向(xiang)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)使眼色(se)(se)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)讓(rang)他(ta)(ta)(ta)再(zai)說(shuo)了(le)，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)卻(que)(que)只裝作沒有(you)(you)(you)看見(jian)(jian)。這(zhe)時孫(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)又(you)問：“曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)平了(le)荊(jing)楚(chu)之(zhi)地，還有(you)(you)(you)其他(ta)(ta)(ta)圖謀(mou)嗎？”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)道(dao)(dao)：“他(ta)(ta)(ta)如(ru)(ru)(ru)今已(yi)沿江(jiang)邊安營扎寨，準備戰(zhan)船，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)圖你(ni)們(men)江(jiang)東，又(you)是想取(qu)哪里呢(ni)(ni)？”孫(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)道(dao)(dao)：“若他(ta)(ta)(ta)真有(you)(you)(you)吞并(bing)之(zhi)意，請(qing)(qing)先(xian)生替我(wo)(wo)想想該怎(zen)么(me)(me)(me)辦。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)道(dao)(dao)：“亮有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)句話，只怕將(jiang)軍不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)肯聽從(cong)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)今曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)勢(shi)力(li)極(ji)大，威(wei)震海內，即便是英雄(xiong)，也無用(yong)武之(zhi)地，奈他(ta)(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)。將(jiang)軍要(yao)量力(li)而行(xing)，若有(you)(you)(you)能(neng)力(li)與(yu)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)抗(kang)衡，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)趁(chen)早消(xiao)滅他(ta)(ta)(ta)；若沒有(you)(you)(you)能(neng)力(li)對(dui)抗(kang)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)(ru)聽從(cong)眾謀(mou)士(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)建(jian)議，投(tou)降(jiang)(jiang)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)算了(le)。如(ru)(ru)(ru)今，將(jiang)軍嘴(zui)上說(shuo)要(yao)降(jiang)(jiang)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，心里又(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)想降(jiang)(jiang)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)，形勢(shi)危急，卻(que)(que)總是拿不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)定(ding)主(zhu)(zhu)意，大禍可(ke)就要(yao)臨頭了(le)！”孫(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)道(dao)(dao)：“若像先(xian)生說(shuo)的(de)(de)這(zhe)樣(yang)，劉(liu)備為(wei)什么(me)(me)(me)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)投(tou)降(jiang)(jiang)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)呢(ni)(ni)？”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)道(dao)(dao)：“過去(qu)，像齊國的(de)(de)田橫那(nei)樣(yang)的(de)(de)壯士(shi)(shi)都(dou)(dou)能(neng)堅(jian)守大義(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)容(rong)屈(qu)辱，何況劉(liu)備是漢室宗(zong)親——事之(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)乃是天(tian)意，怎(zen)么(me)(me)(me)能(neng)自己就先(xian)屈(qu)服于(yu)(yu)他(ta)(ta)(ta)人(ren)(ren)之(zhi)下呢(ni)(ni)！”孫(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)聽了(le)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)這(zhe)番話，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)覺臉(lian)色(se)(se)頓變，站(zhan)(zhan)起(qi)身來(lai)(lai)拂(fu)袖而去(qu)，眾人(ren)(ren)一(yi)(yi)(yi)見(jian)(jian)，也都(dou)(dou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)笑而散了(le)。魯(lu)肅(su)(su)責怪(guai)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)道(dao)(dao)：“先(xian)生為(wei)何說(shuo)出(chu)這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)(de)話來(lai)(lai)？幸(xing)虧(kui)我(wo)(wo)們(men)主(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)寬洪大度，沒有(you)(you)(you)當面責怪(guai)你(ni)，你(ni)的(de)(de)話過于(yu)(yu)藐視他(ta)(ta)(ta)了(le)。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)仰面笑道(dao)(dao)：“何必(bi)這(zhe)樣(yang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)容(rong)人(ren)(ren)呢(ni)(ni)！我(wo)(wo)自有(you)(you)(you)破曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)之(zhi)計(ji)，他(ta)(ta)(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)問我(wo)(wo)，我(wo)(wo)怎(zen)敢說(shuo)呢(ni)(ni)？”魯(lu)肅(su)(su)忙道(dao)(dao)：“原(yuan)來(lai)(lai)先(xian)生是有(you)(you)(you)良(liang)策的(de)(de)，我(wo)(wo)這(zhe)就去(qu)請(qing)(qing)主(zhu)(zhu)公(gong)來(lai)(lai)向(xiang)你(ni)求教。”孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)說(shuo)：“我(wo)(wo)看曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)操(cao)的(de)(de)百(bai)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)大軍，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過是一(yi)(yi)(yi)群(qun)小螞蟻(yi)罷了(le)，只要(yao)我(wo)(wo)一(yi)(yi)(yi)抬手，它們(men)就都(dou)(dou)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)粉末。”魯(lu)肅(su)(su)經這(zhe)么(me)(me)(me)一(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)，便立即到(dao)(dao)后堂(tang)(tang)去(qu)見(jian)(jian)孫(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)。孫(sun)(sun)權(quan)(quan)一(yi)(yi)(yi)聽，轉怒為(wei)喜(xi)，道(dao)(dao)：“原(yuan)來(lai)(lai)他(ta)(ta)(ta)是用(yong)話在(zai)(zai)激(ji)我(wo)(wo)。”于(yu)(yu)是又(you)出(chu)來(lai)(lai)與(yu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)(ming)互(hu)致(zhi)歉(qian)意，討教良(liang)策。
孔(kong)明說(shuo)：“劉備雖新敗(bai)，但關(guan)云長(chang)仍(reng)帶有精(jing)兵萬人(ren)(ren)；劉琦在(zai)江夏(xia)也(ye)有萬人(ren)(ren)。曹(cao)兵雖多，卻是遠(yuan)道而來，征戰疲(pi)憊，正所(suo)謂‘強弩(nu)之(zhi)末，勢(shi)(shi)不(bu)能穿魯縞(gao)’。并且北(bei)(bei)方人(ren)(ren)不(bu)習慣于(yu)水戰。荊州(zhou)之(zhi)民依附于(yu)曹(cao)操，是迫于(yu)當時(shi)的(de)形勢(shi)(shi)，而并不(bu)是出(chu)于(yu)本(ben)心所(suo)愿。將軍如果現在(zai)能誠心誠意地和(he)劉備結(jie)成聯(lian)盟，破曹(cao)之(zhi)事必成。曹(cao)軍敗(bai)了，自然(ran)退回北(bei)(bei)方，那么(me)荊州(zhou)和(he)東吳的(de)勢(shi)(shi)力也(ye)就加強了，三(san)足鼎立的(de)局面也(ye)得以(yi)成形。成敗(bai)的(de)關(guan)鍵即在(zai)眼下(xia)，就看將軍怎樣決斷了。”
羅貫(guan)中，1330—1400之間(jian)，名(ming)本，號湖(hu)海散人，元(yuan)末明初通俗小說家(jia)。他的籍貫(guan)一說是太原今(jin)山西，一說是錢塘今(jin)浙江杭州，不可確考(kao)。據傳說，羅貫(guan)中曾充任過(guo)元(yuan)末農(nong)民起(qi)義軍張士誠(cheng)的幕客。
元末明(ming)初著名(ming)小(xiao)(xiao)說家、戲(xi)曲(qu)家，是中國章回小(xiao)(xiao)說的(de)(de)(de)鼻祖。生于元末明(ming)初的(de)(de)(de)封(feng)建王(wang)朝時代(dai)。作為(wei)(wei)與“倡優(you)”、“妓藝”為(wei)(wei)伍的(de)(de)(de)戲(xi)曲(qu)平話作家，當時被視(shi)為(wei)(wei)勾欄瓦舍(she)的(de)(de)(de)下九流，正(zheng)史不可(ke)能為(wei)(wei)他寫(xie)經作傳。唯一(yi)可(ke)看(kan)到的(de)(de)(de)是一(yi)位(wei)明(ming)代(dai)無名(ming)氏編著的(de)(de)(de)不可(ke)靠的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)本小(xiao)(xiao)冊子《錄鬼簿續編》，上寫(xie)：“羅(luo)貫中，太原人，號(hao)湖海散人。與人寡合，樂府(fu)隱(yin)語，極為(wei)(wei)清新。與余(yu)為(wei)(wei)忘(wang)年(nian)交(jiao)，遭時多故(gu)，天各一(yi)方(fang)。至(zhi)正(zheng)甲辰復會(hui)，別來又六十余(yu)年(nian)，竟不知其所終。”
羅貫中一生(sheng)著(zhu)作(zuo)(zuo)頗豐，主要作(zuo)(zuo)品有：劇本《趙太祖龍虎風(feng)云會》、《忠正孝(xiao)子(zi)(zi)連(lian)環(huan)諫》、《三平章死哭蜚(fei)虎子(zi)(zi)》；小說《隋唐兩朝志傳(chuan)》、《殘唐五代史演(yan)義》、《三遂平妖傳(chuan)》、《粉妝樓(lou)》、和施耐庵合著(zhu)的《水滸傳(chuan)》，代表作(zuo)(zuo)有《三國(guo)演(yan)義》（全名《三國(guo)志通俗演(yan)義》）等。
面對諸(zhu)儒的詰難，諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮(liang)神態自(zi)若，一(yi)一(yi)作(zuo)答，是(shi)為守，然而他又不甘于只是(shi)作(zuo)答，每于答后(hou)發(fa)起(qi)攻勢(shi)。
東吳第(di)一(yi)謀(mou)士張(zhang)昭詰問(wen)諸(zhu)葛亮自(zi)(zi)比(bi)管仲樂(le)毅，而最(zui)終卻使劉(liu)(liu)備(bei)“棄(qi)新野，走樊城，敗(bai)當(dang)(dang)陽(yang)，奔夏(xia)(xia)口(kou)(kou)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)容身之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地”，“是(shi)(shi)豫州(zhou)即得(de)先生之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，反(fan)(fan)(fan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)其(qi)初也。”張(zhang)昭此(ci)(ci)問(wen)著(zhu)實厲害，李贄(zhi)評(ping)此(ci)(ci)句(ju)曰：“下(xia)(xia)得(de)好毒手”。諸(zhu)葛亮笑(xiao)著(zhu)回(hui)答：“鵬飛萬(wan)里(li)，其(qi)志(zhi)豈(qi)群(qun)鳥能識(shi)哉？”以大鵬自(zi)(zi)況，志(zhi)在萬(wan)里(li)；將群(qun)儒(ru)比(bi)作(zuo)群(qun)鳥，胸無(wu)(wu)(wu)大志(zhi)。接下(xia)(xia)去(qu)運用(yong)(yong)(yong)比(bi)喻論(lun)證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)方法，人(ren)(ren)(ren)染沉疴，當(dang)(dang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)藥糜(mi)粥。而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可用(yong)(yong)(yong)猛(meng)藥厚味，說明劉(liu)(liu)備(bei)取(qu)勝(sheng)尚(shang)需(xu)時日(ri).又進一(yi)步用(yong)(yong)(yong)事實論(lun)證(zheng)(zheng)說明自(zi)(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)觀點；“夫以甲兵(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)完，城郭不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)固，軍不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)經練(lian)，糧(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)繼日(ri)，然(ran)而博望燒屯，白河用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)，使夏(xia)(xia)侯惇、曹(cao)仁輩心驚膽裂(lie)：竊(qie)謂管仲、樂(le)毅用(yong)(yong)(yong)兵(bing)，未必(bi)過此(ci)(ci)。”此(ci)(ci)段(duan)(duan)諸(zhu)葛亮以充分的(de)(de)(de)事實為(wei)論(lun)據，對(dui)“自(zi)(zi)比(bi)管仲樂(le)毅”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)說予(yu)以論(lun)證(zheng)(zheng)，在鑿鑿事實面(mian)前張(zhang)昭的(de)(de)(de)非難不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)攻(gong)(gong)自(zi)(zi)破。諸(zhu)葛亮將劉(liu)(liu)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)暫時之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)敗(bai)歸于三個(ge)原因：一(yi)是(shi)(shi)劉(liu)(liu)備(bei)仁義(yi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍奪同宗基業(ye)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)忍舍棄(qi)赴義(yi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)民，甘與(yu)同敗(bai)；二是(shi)(shi)劉(liu)(liu)琮(cong)孱弱(ruo)，聽信(xin)妄(wang)言(yan)，暗(an)自(zi)(zi)投降；三是(shi)(shi)劉(liu)(liu)備(bei)向日(ri)兵(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滿千，將止關、張(zhang)、趙云，“寡不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敵眾，勝(sheng)負乃其(qi)常事”，之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)引用(yong)(yong)(yong)漢高祖數敗(bai)于項羽而垓下(xia)(xia)一(yi)戰成(cheng)功(gong)作(zuo)類比(bi)論(lun)證(zheng)(zheng)說明劉(liu)(liu)備(bei)失利是(shi)(shi)暫時的(de)(de)(de)，而取(qu)得(de)最(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)勝(sheng)利是(shi)(shi)必(bi)然(ran)的(de)(de)(de)。進而歸納出(chu)漢高祖的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)終勝(sheng)利靠(kao)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)韓信(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)良謀(mou)，突(tu)出(chu)自(zi)(zi)己在劉(liu)(liu)備(bei)興復漢室大業(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)重要作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。此(ci)(ci)段(duan)(duan)答張(zhang)昭劉(liu)(liu)備(bei)得(de)先生反(fan)(fan)(fan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)如(ru)(ru)初之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)問(wen)，水(shui)來土掩，滴水(shui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)漏。以上皆為(wei)防守(shou)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)舉。接著(zhu)話鋒一(yi)轉，將矛頭直指東吳群(qun)儒(ru)：“非比(bi)夸辯(bian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徒，虛譽(yu)欺人(ren)(ren)(ren)；坐議(yi)立談，無(wu)(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)可及；臨機(ji)應變，百無(wu)(wu)(wu)一(yi)能。——誠為(wei)天下(xia)(xia)笑(xiao)耳！”李贄(zhi)評(ping)諸(zhu)葛亮的(de)(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)(fan)駁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論(lun)為(wei)“說盡今日(ri)秀才病痛”。諸(zhu)葛亮此(ci)(ci)舉攻(gong)(gong)勢凌厲，使對(dui)方“并(bing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)一(yi)言(yan)回(hui)答”。此(ci)(ci)乃先守(shou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)攻(gong)(gong)、攻(gong)(gong)守(shou)有(you)度之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)辯(bian)論(lun)策略。對(dui)虞翻(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)(de)“劉(liu)(liu)備(bei)大敗(bai)猶言(yan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)懼曹(cao)實為(wei)大言(yan)欺人(ren)(ren)(ren)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)語(yu)，諸(zhu)葛亮只以劉(liu)(liu)備(bei)寡不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)敵眾，退守(shou)夏(xia)(xia)口(kou)(kou)，以待(dai)天時相應，是(shi)(shi)為(wei)防守(shou)，隨即便有(you)“江東兵(bing)精糧(liang)足，且有(you)長江之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)險，猶欲(yu)使其(qi)主屈膝降賊，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顧天下(xia)(xia)恥笑(xiao)”之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)語(yu)來反(fan)(fan)(fan)攻(gong)(gong)，使虞翻(fan)(fan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能對(dui)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)對(dui)步騭(zhi)、薛(xue)綜等(deng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)難，孔明莫不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)此(ci)(ci)先守(shou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)攻(gong)(gong)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法對(dui)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，使東吳的(de)(de)(de)儒(ru)者一(yi)個(ge)個(ge)敗(bai)下(xia)(xia)陣來。
此法妙極(ji)。因(yin)有(you)群儒詰問(wen)在(zai)(zai)先，不(bu)(bu)容不(bu)(bu)答(da)，故宜(yi)先守(shou)，且守(shou)得(de)從容，既曲(qu)盡事(shi)理，又詳(xiang)陳事(shi)實，將(jiang)對手的(de)詰問(wen)一一化(hua)解；又因(yin)群儒來者(zhe)不(bu)(bu)善，多(duo)有(you)惡(e)意，便于守(shou)住陣地后發起反攻(gong)，使(shi)論辯進退(tui)有(you)致，引(yin)人(ren)(ren)入(ru)勝。設若(ruo)只守(shou)不(bu)(bu)攻(gong)，則必陷被動(dong)境地；若(ruo)只攻(gong)不(bu)(bu)守(shou)，失去了據(ju)理陳詞的(de)部分，使(shi)論辯僅(jin)僅(jin)停(ting)留在(zai)(zai)口舌之爭，則缺乏(fa)以理服人(ren)(ren)的(de)成(cheng)分。
諸葛亮以其高超的(de)語言(yan)技巧使整個(ge)論(lun)辯過程精彩紛呈(cheng)，于有(you)限的(de)語句(ju)中(zhong)蘊含(han)極深的(de)意味，嚼(jiao)之余香滿口(kou)。在(zai)談到劉(liu)備新敗之因時，諸葛亮說劉(liu)琮“暗自投降”，意在(zai)嘲諷東吳主(zhu)(zhu)降之士(shi)，“非等閑可(ke)知也”，示張昭等皆等閑無能之輩；又云“社稷安危，是有(you)主(zhu)(zhu)謀”，寓昭等無定國安邦之策(ce)，反以妖言(yan)惑主(zhu)(zhu)，實(shi)禍國殃(yang)民之人。
步(bu)騭指(zhi)出諸葛亮欲(yu)效張儀(yi)、蘇秦(qin)的游說(shuo)之(zhi)(zhi)舉，諸葛亮卻淡化張儀(yi)蘇秦(qin)二人(ren)的辯士(shi)身(shen)份，而突出其(qi)豪杰的本(ben)色(se)，強調二人(ren)“皆有匡扶人(ren)國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)謀”，點(dian)(dian)出儒者們(men)無勇無謀，只知巧言(yan)論辯，實則貪生怕死的本(ben)質(zhi)。諸葛亮避(bi)開(kai)某些辯士(shi)為(wei)(wei)一已之(zhi)(zhi)利益而游說(shuo)的特點(dian)(dian)，在突出其(qi)“匡扶人(ren)國(guo)”大志的同時，也為(wei)(wei)自己張目，我為(wei)(wei)匡扶人(ren)國(guo)而來，你們(men)卻為(wei)(wei)葬(zang)送(song)人(ren)國(guo)而辯，孰(shu)高孰(shu)低，一目了然。
陸(lu)績以曹操(cao)是(shi)(shi)相國曹參(can)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后，劉備(bei)出身無(wu)可(ke)稽考相詰，“眼見只是(shi)(shi)織席(xi)販屨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)夫耳，何足與曹操(cao)抗衡哉！”諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)(liang)先(xian)不(bu)直接回(hui)答(da)問題(ti)，而(er)是(shi)(shi)輕蔑地(di)一笑，“公非袁術座間懷(huai)桔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)陸(lu)郎乎？”諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)(liang)此處(chu)提及此事(shi)，表面(mian)看(kan)來似屬閑筆，實則(ze)頗有深意。懷(huai)桔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)本為盡心事(shi)孝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)典范，然(ran)而(er)畢竟(jing)是(shi)(shi)小(xiao)兒所為，懷(huai)桔小(xiao)兒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)論必是(shi)(shi)小(xiao)兒之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)見，自(zi)然(ran)“不(bu)足與高士共語”。
諸葛亮答程德樞(shu)之語可分為兩層內容。一是論君(jun)子(zi)之儒(ru)的風采，“忠君(jun)愛國(guo)，守正惡邪，務使澤及當時，名留(liu)后世，”表(biao)面上為君(jun)子(zi)之儒(ru)正名，實為夫子(zi)自道(dao)也；二是畫小人之儒(ru)的嘴臉，“筆下雖有千言，胸中實無一策(ce)，”對大敵當前(qian)而群(qun)儒(ru)一籌莫展予以辛辣的諷(feng)刺(ci)，且以揚雄屈身事莽下場可悲(bei)昭示(shi)東吳(wu)小人之儒(ru)不(bu)顧氣節屈膝(xi)投降必將留(liu)下千古罵名。
語帶雙機之辯(bian)術充分顯示了諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)的(de)論辯(bian)技(ji)巧(qiao)，一石二鳥，弦(xian)外(wai)有音，以極(ji)精煉的(de)語句表達極(ji)豐富的(de)內容，頗具戰(zhan)斗力。似不經意中顯出(chu)智(zhi)慧(hui)，信手(shou)拈來時愈見功(gong)力。給人留下充分的(de)想象(xiang)余地(di)。
對(dui)不同(tong)的(de)人(ren)采取不同(tong)的(de)方法擊敗對(dui)方，是諸(zhu)葛亮舌戰群儒(ru)的(de)又一大特色。
對張昭，由于(yu)他是(shi)東吳(wu)重臣，第一(yi)謀(mou)士，諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮采取擒(qin)賊先擒(qin)王的(de)策略，娓(wei)娓(wei)道來，嚴(yan)密防守之后大舉進攻(gong)，使張昭無一(yi)言可對。對張昭的(de)反駁(bo)洋洋灑灑，周密細(xi)致，絲絲入扣，而對以(yi)下諸(zhu)儒則多以(yi)簡(jian)潔明快的(de)對答(da)迅速結(jie)束戰斗，不與多做糾纏。
在(zai)整(zheng)個過(guo)程中，諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)的(de)(de)(de)論(lun)辨藝術發揮得(de)(de)酣暢淋漓，他(ta)面對群(qun)儒潮水般涌來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)詰難，沉著應戰(zhan)，或(huo)引經據(ju)(ju)典(dian)，或(huo)轉(zhuan)換論(lun)題，或(huo)厲聲責(ze)問(wen)，或(huo)反(fan)唇(chun)相(xiang)譏(ji)，可謂(wei)得(de)(de)心應手(shou)，游刃(ren)有(you)余。如以(yi)韓(han)信之(zhi)謀，揚(yang)雄之(zhi)死(si)來(lai)作為(wei)(wei)論(lun)據(ju)(ju)幫(bang)助申(shen)明(ming)觀(guan)點(dian)；對步騭的(de)(de)(de)“孔明(ming)欲(yu)效儀、秦之(zhi)舌，游說(shuo)東吳耶？”之(zhi)論(lun)棄(qi)之(zhi)不(bu)理，而從蘇(su)、張二人豪杰本色(se)入手(shou)，轉(zhuan)守為(wei)(wei)攻；對薛(xue)(xue)綜(zong)則厲聲責(ze)問(wen)：“薛(xue)(xue)敬文安得(de)(de)出此(ci)無父(fu)無君之(zhi)言乎(hu)！”諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)抓住(zhu)儒者鼓(gu)吹忠(zhong)孝為(wei)(wei)本的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)，以(yi)“君父(fu)”兩(liang)個正大堂皇的(de)(de)(de)字眼喝(he)倒薛(xue)(xue)綜(zong)，實(shi)在(zai)是擊到了對手(shou)的(de)(de)(de)致命之(zhi)處(chu)，薛(xue)(xue)綜(zong)自(zi)然“滿面羞(xiu)慚”；對陸績(ji)，諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)以(yi)不(bu)溫不(bu)火(huo)的(de)(de)(de)語調反(fan)唇(chun)相(xiang)譏(ji)，指出其以(yi)出身論(lun)英雄的(de)(de)(de)荒誕不(bu)經，使陸績(ji)語塞。而對嚴(yan)峻的(de)(de)(de)“治(zhi)何經典(dian)”之(zhi)法(fa)，諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)只以(yi)三句話回(hui)應，首先認為(wei)(wei)“尋章摘句”者為(wei)(wei)“世之(zhi)腐(fu)儒”，并不(bu)能(neng)“興邦立事”；既而舉例，伊(yi)尹、姜子牙、張良、陳平、鄧、“皆有(you)匡扶宇(yu)宙(zhou)之(zhi)才”，而并未死(si)鉆書(shu)(shu)本；最后總括為(wei)(wei)“舞文弄墨(mo)”只是書(shu)(shu)生(sheng)所(suo)為(wei)(wei)。短(duan)短(duan)數語，有(you)理有(you)據(ju)(ju)，在(zai)一連串的(de)(de)(de)古圣今賢的(de)(de)(de)列舉中反(fan)襯(chen)出書(shu)(shu)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)無用，從而使以(yi)治(zhi)經典(dian)為(wei)(wei)榮的(de)(de)(de)嚴(yan)畯(jun)低頭喪氣。
詳略(lve)的不同、論辯方法的不同顯示出諸(zhu)葛亮的機動靈(ling)活，詳答老辣(la)者，略(lve)對淺薄者，揮揮灑灑，左(zuo)右逢源，嘻(xi)笑怒罵(ma)，皆成(cheng)文(wen)章，著(zhu)實令人嘆(tan)服。
整個論(lun)辯(bian)過程中，諸(zhu)(zhu)葛亮(liang)(liang)語(yu)勢磅礴，使對(dui)方懾服于(yu)他的語(yu)言威力(li)，只有(you)招架(jia)之功，而(er)無反擊(ji)之力(li)。這一點(dian)突出體(ti)現(xian)在他的反問語(yu)氣的運(yun)用(yong)上(shang)。如(ru)反詰張(zhang)昭：“鵬飛萬里，其志(zhi)豈(qi)群鳥能(neng)識哉？”“豫州不(bu)過暫借(jie)以(yi)容身，豈(qi)真(zhen)將(jiang)坐守(shou)于(yu)此耶？”“昔(xi)高皇數(shu)敗于(yu)項羽，而(er)垓下(xia)一戰成功，此非韓信之良謀乎(hu)？”反擊(ji)步騭：“君(jun)等聞曹操虛發詐偽之詞，便畏懼請降，敢笑蘇秦(qin)、張(zhang)儀乎(hu)？”對(dui)陸績：“且高祖起身亭長，而(er)終有(you)天下(xia)；織(zhi)席販屨，又何足(zu)為辱(ru)乎(hu)？”對(dui)嚴：“豈(qi)亦(yi)效書(shu)生，區區于(yu)筆硯(yan)之間，數(shu)黑論(lun)黃，舞文(wen)弄墨而(er)已乎(hu)？”……一連串的反問句，語(yu)勢強烈(lie)，咄(duo)(duo)咄(duo)(duo)逼(bi)人(ren)(ren)，我們可以(yi)說，諸(zhu)(zhu)葛亮(liang)(liang)舌(she)戰群儒只所以(yi)耐人(ren)(ren)尋味百(bai)讀不(bu)厭，在很大程度上(shang)得(de)益(yi)于(yu)其論(lun)辯(bian)過程語(yu)勢的力(li)量。在以(yi)理服人(ren)(ren)的基礎上(shang)，諸(zhu)(zhu)葛亮(liang)(liang)更以(yi)其語(yu)言的氣勢壓倒(dao)了(le)對(dui)手。
就語句(ju)而(er)言(yan)，也突(tu)出(chu)顯示了諸(zhu)葛亮(liang)語言(yan)的(de)氣(qi)勢(shi)。善(shan)用(yong)短句(ju)、排比(bi)對(dui)偶句(ju)該是其(qi)突(tu)出(chu)的(de)特(te)點。短句(ju)的(de)使用(yong)簡(jian)潔明快，適于論辯；排比(bi)句(ju)對(dui)偶句(ju)更(geng)有“壯氣(qi)勢(shi)廣文義”的(de)修辭特(te)征，如“甲兵不(bu)完，城郭(guo)不(bu)固(gu)，軍(jun)不(bu)經練，糧不(bu)繼日”極言(yan)劉備當時(shi)所(suo)處的(de)劣勢(shi)地位；諷小(xiao)人之儒，則有“惟務(wu)雕蟲，專(zhuan)工(gong)翰墨，青春作賦，皓首窮(qiong)經，”可謂數盡小(xiao)人儒者之弊。非語言(yan)大家無此上乘(cheng)之作。
語(yu)勢(shi)磅礴源于理直氣(qi)壯(zhuang)，“理直”是因(yin)，“氣(qi)壯(zhuang)”是果(guo)。在諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮的(de)意識中，此番東吳之行乃為正義而(er)來，故而(er)正氣(qi)浩然，處(chu)變不驚。瀟灑的(de)風度、廣博(bo)的(de)學識，使對手在氣(qi)勢(shi)上先(xian)輸了三分，加之諸(zhu)葛(ge)亮一陣窮追(zhui)猛打，遂有破竹之勢(shi)。
綜觀舌戰群儒的(de)整(zheng)個過程，諸葛(ge)亮(liang)在東吳(wu)諸儒的(de)詰問中(zhong)從容做對(dui)(dui)，侃侃而談，縱橫捭(bai)闔，游刃(ren)有(you)余，終使(shi)“張昭并無(wu)一言(yan)回答(da)”，“虞(yu)翻不能(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)”，“步(bu)騭默(mo)然無(wu)語”，“薛綜滿面羞(xiu)慚，不能(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)答(da)”，“陸績語塞(sai)”，“嚴畯低頭喪氣不能(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)”，“程德(de)樞(shu)不能(neng)(neng)對(dui)(dui)”，以至眾(zhong)人(ren)“盡皆(jie)失色”。真可謂三寸(cun)之舌能(neng)(neng)抵百萬(wan)之兵。
總之，諸(zhu)葛亮舌戰群儒(ru)風頭(tou)出(chu)盡，其嫻熟的論辯技巧令(ling)人折服，堪稱經典，值得當今習此(ci)道者(zhe)深(shen)味(wei)。
東(dong)漢末期，曹操挾天子以令諸侯，較(jiao)(jiao)有實(shi)力的(de)(de)軍閥大都(dou)被他消滅(mie)了，惟獨劉備和孫權還有發展壯大的(de)(de)可(ke)能，曹操自知一下子吞并(bing)這兩股勢(shi)力還比較(jiao)(jiao)難。于(yu)是(shi)，曹操就派人拿著他的(de)(de)書信去(qu)東(dong)吳，想和孫權聯手消滅(mie)劉備。
孫權(quan)(quan)手下(xia)的謀士大都主(zhu)張降曹自(zi)保，只有魯肅主(zhu)張聯劉抗曹。但魯肅自(zi)知難以說服孫權(quan)(quan)和東吳的文臣，特(te)意(yi)請(qing)諸葛亮來當說客(ke)。
魯肅引(yin)諸葛亮見了(le)(le)東吳(wu)的一群謀士，這些(xie)人(ren)并非(fei)泛(fan)泛(fan)之輩，個個。都是有學問的人(ren)。東吳(wu)第一大謀士張昭(zhao)首先發難，說(shuo)：聽說(shuo)劉備到你(ni)家里三趟(tang)，才把你(ni)請出山，以為(wei)有了(le)(le)你(ni)就如(ru)同魚得了(le)(le)水，想奪取荊(jing)襄九郡做根據地。但荊(jing)襄已被曹(cao)操得到，你(ni)還有什么(me)主意(yi)呢？
諸(zhu)(zhu)葛亮心(xin)里想，如(ru)果不先難倒(dao)張昭，就沒辦法說服(fu)孫(sun)權聯劉(liu)抗曹了。諸(zhu)(zhu)葛亮說：劉(liu)備取(qu)荊襄這塊地盤，易如(ru)反(fan)掌，只是不忍心(xin)奪取(qu)同宗的(de)基業，才(cai)被曹操撿(jian)了便宜。現在屯兵江夏，另有宏(hong)圖大計，等閑之輩哪懂得(de)這個(ge)。國家(jia)大事，社稷安危(wei)，都要有真(zhen)才(cai)實學的(de)人拿出(chu)好主意(yi)。而(er)口舌(she)之徒(tu)，坐而(er)論道，碰上事兒(er)，卻拿不出(chu)一個(ge)辦法來，只能為天下(xia)人恥(chi)笑(xiao)。一番話，說得(de)張昭啞(ya)口無言。
之后，一個謀(mou)士問(wen)：曹操屯兵百萬，將列千員，你(ni)說不怕，吹牛吧(ba)你(ni)。諸葛亮答：劉備(bei)退守夏(xia)口，是等待時機(ji)，而東(dong)吳兵精(jing)糧(liang)足(zu)，還(huan)有長江天(tian)險可守，卻(que)都勸孫(sun)權降曹，丟人吧(ba)你(ni)。
東(dong)吳(wu)的謀(mou)士一個接一個地(di)向諸葛亮發難，先(xian)后(hou)有(you)七人(ren)之多，都被諸葛亮反駁得(de)有(you)口難辯。
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