第(di)(di)五姓(xing)(xing)是(shi)漢(han)族復(fu)(fu)姓(xing)(xing)之一(yi),為田齊王(wang)族之后。秦末天下紛(fen)爭,起先被秦國(guo)所滅的(de)(de)六國(guo),其(qi)王(wang)族后裔們(men)(men),爭先糾集人(ren)馬反秦復(fu)(fu)國(guo);而在漢(han)高(gao)祖劉邦建立漢(han)朝后,顧慮到(dao)這(zhe)些復(fu)(fu)國(guo)失敗(bai)的(de)(de)舊(jiu)王(wang)族勢力,便將(jiang)他們(men)(men)紛(fen)紛(fen)遷出原籍,另外擇地安置。其(qi)中將(jiang)田齊王(wang)族從第(di)(di)一(yi)到(dao)第(di)(di)八(ba)分為八(ba)支(zhi)遷走,故而后人(ren)以第(di)(di)次為姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi),第(di)(di)五氏(shi)(shi)就為這(zhe)里(li)的(de)(de)一(yi)支(zhi)。如今,第(di)(di)五姓(xing)(xing)多分布于陜西涇陽、旬邑一(yi)帶,一(yi)些第(di)(di)五姓(xing)(xing)現多演化為第(di)(di)姓(xing)(xing)、五姓(xing)(xing)或伍姓(xing)(xing)。
第(di)五氏(shi)出名(ming)的(de)歷史人(ren)物有漢(han)代(dai)大司空第(di)五倫,唐代(dai)宰相第(di)五琦等。
復姓第五(wu)可以追溯到(dao)舜(shun)帝(di),其后(hou)(hou)(hou)有姚、媯、陳(chen)(chen)、胡(hu)、田,皆(jie)為(wei)(wei)同根同源,史稱“媯汭(rui)五(wu)姓”。后(hou)(hou)(hou)舜(shun)的(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)裔不斷發展,一直到(dao)商朝(chao)后(hou)(hou)(hou)期(qi),舜(shun)的(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)代閼(e)父(fu)歸順于周(zhou)文王(wang),任陶正(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)官。后(hou)(hou)(hou)周(zhou)武王(wang)消滅商紂(zhou),建立周(zhou)朝(chao),并將(jiang)長女大姬嫁與閼(e)父(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)子媯滿(舜(shun)后(hou)(hou)(hou)33代孫)。后(hou)(hou)(hou)來,武王(wang)追封上古圣王(wang)的(de)后(hou)(hou)(hou)裔,媯滿氏(shi)因此被(bei)封為(wei)(wei)陳(chen)(chen)侯,位于陳(chen)(chen)地(di),國都位于今天(tian)河南淮陽縣(xian)。媯滿史稱陳(chen)(chen)胡(hu)公(gong),胡(hu)公(gong)滿,其后(hou)(hou)(hou)代以國為(wei)(wei)姓,從而產生(sheng)了(le)陳(chen)(chen)氏(shi),后(hou)(hou)(hou)代以胡(hu)公(gong)謚號為(wei)(wei)氏(shi),產生(sheng)了(le)胡(hu)氏(shi)。
陳(chen)(chen)姓在春秋中期分出田姓。在陳(chen)(chen)厲公時(shi),陳(chen)(chen)國發(fa)生了(le)爭奪君位(wei)的內亂,陳(chen)(chen)厲公之子陳(chen)(chen)完逃出齊(qi)國避難,為避禍而(er)改為田姓,陳(chen)(chen)完是田姓的始祖。陳(chen)(chen)完在齊(qi)國受到禮(li)遇,任(ren)工正(zheng)。
陳完的后(hou)代田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氏家族(zu)(zu)在齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)逐漸發展,后(hou)掌握(wo)齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)政。公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)481年(nian),田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)乞之子田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)恒(田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)常子)殺齊簡公(gong)與諸多公(gong)族(zu)(zu),另立齊平公(gong),進一步把持政權,又以“修公(gong)行(xing)賞”爭取(qu)民心。公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)391年(nian),田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)成子四世孫田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)和廢(fei)齊康(kang)公(gong)。公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)386年(nian),田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)和放逐齊康(kang)公(gong)于海上,自(zi)立為國(guo)(guo)(guo)君,同年(nian)為周安王冊命為齊侯,并受(shou)到(dao)諸侯列國(guo)(guo)(guo)的承認(ren),這就是歷史上著(zhu)名的“田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)代齊姜”。前(qian)379年(nian),齊康(kang)公(gong)死,姜姓齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)絕祀(si)。田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氏仍以“齊”作為國(guo)(guo)(guo)號,史稱“田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)齊”。
西(xi)漢(han)時期,為(wei)了增(zeng)強關中的經濟實力,削弱各地豪強的殘余(yu)勢力。將齊田氏(shi)分為(wei)八(ba)部,分別遷(qian)往西(xi)安一(yi)帶,并要他(ta)們改姓“第(di)(di)一(yi)”“第(di)(di)二”……一(yi)直到“第(di)(di)八(ba)”。
所以(yi)(yi)第(di)五(wu)(wu)出(chu)自(zi)田(tian)(tian)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),源(yuan)自(zi)漢(han)代遷徙(xi)齊國公族(zu)所改。據(ju)《姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)考(kao)略》載:“齊田(tian)(tian)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)(hou),漢(han)時齊諸田(tian)(tian)徙(xi)至(zhi)京兆房(fang)陵,以(yi)(yi)次第(di)為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有第(di)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)第(di)八。”又《后(hou)(hou)(hou)漢(han)書·第(di)五(wu)(wu)倫傳(chuan)》載:“后(hou)(hou)(hou)或(huo)改姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”漢(han)高祖劉邦(bang)建立漢(han)朝后(hou)(hou)(hou),為(wei)了(le)增(zeng)強關(guan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)經濟實(shi)力,削弱地(di)方門(men)閥勢力,將豪族(zu)名門(men)共十萬多人(ren)都(dou)遷徙(xi)到關(guan)中(zhong)房(fang)陵(今(jin)陜西咸陽一(yi)(yi)帶)一(yi)(yi)帶定居。在遷徙(xi)原齊國田(tian)(tian)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貴族(zu)時,因族(zu)大人(ren)眾(zhong),以(yi)(yi)門(men)第(di)順序被分為(wei)第(di)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)第(di)八氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),例如田(tian)(tian)廣的(de)(de)弟(di)(di)弟(di)(di)田(tian)(tian)英為(wei)第(di)八氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),其(qi)孫田(tian)(tian)登(deng)為(wei)第(di)二(er)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),元孫田(tian)(tian)癸為(wei)第(di)三氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),第(di)五(wu)(wu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)就(jiu)是其(qi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)支,也就(jiu)產生了(le)第(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。唯有“第(di)五(wu)(wu)”氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)支后(hou)(hou)(hou)來(lai)出(chu)了(le)不少(shao)名人(ren),得(de)以(yi)(yi)較(jiao)普遍流傳(chuan),所以(yi)(yi)作為(wei)顯姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)收(shou)到《續(xu)百家姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)》中(zhong)。第(di)一(yi)(yi)至(zhi)第(di)八等姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),后(hou)(hou)(hou)來(lai)都(dou)改為(wei)單姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)”及(ji)“五(wu)(wu)”(伍)兩個姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),現(xian)在保留復姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)很少(shao)。
隴(long)(long)西(xi)郡(jun):秦置隴(long)(long)西(xi)郡(jun),治狄道(今甘(gan)肅省臨(lin)洮(tao)南(nan))。曹魏移治襄(xiang)武(今東鄉以東及隴(long)(long)西(xi)南(nan)一(yi)帶地區)。隋唐(tang)為渭州隴(long)(long)西(xi)郡(jun)。
東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun):東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)始建于秦始皇五(wu)年(nian)(庚申,公元前242年(nian)),取原(yuan)魏國(guo)(guo)之地置東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun),包括河北大(da)名府(fu)、山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)昌府(fu)、及長清縣(xian)(xian)以西(xi)一帶地區。西(xi)漢時(shi)期(qi)(qi)因之,治(zhi)所在(zai)濮陽縣(xian)(xian)(今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)濮陽),其時(shi)轄地在(zai)今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)省(sheng)南(nan)部仆陽縣(xian)(xian)及山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)部一帶地區。東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)漢初(chu)其平(ping)中嘗治(zhi)武陽,臧(zang)洪為太(tai)守,又治(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)武陽。西(xi)晉朝(chao)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)廢(fei)黜(chu),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)晉朝(chao)復置,在(zai)今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)滑(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部。北魏王朝(chao)徙治(zhi)至滑(hua)(hua)臺(tai)(今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)滑(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)),隋朝(chao)初(chu)期(qi)(qi)廢(fei)黜(chu),后曾以兗州(zhou)為東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun),此兗州(zhou)是由滑(hua)(hua)州(zhou)(今(jin)(jin)河南(nan)滑(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian))改(gai)名而成,并非今(jin)(jin)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)省(sheng)之兗州(zhou)。南(nan)朝(chao)宋國(guo)(guo)再置東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun),在(zai)河南(nan)陳州(zhou)府(fu)境。
隴西堂:以望立堂。
東郡堂(tang):以(yi)望立堂(tang),亦稱江(jiang)扈堂(tang)。
廉貞忠厚(hou);正(zheng)直清高。
——佚名撰第五姓
上聯(lian)典(dian)指東漢長陵人第(di)五倫(lun),字伯(bo)魚,耿直無私,以(yi)清節(jie)著稱。建武年間舉孝廉,官會稽(ji)太(tai)守,章帝(di)時任司空(kong)。下(xia)聯(lian)典(dian)指第(di)五倫(lun)的曾孫(sun)第(di)五種(zhong)。
清高(gao)正(zheng)直(zhi);忠(zhong)厚(hou)廉貞(zhen)。
——佚(yi)名撰第(di)五(wu)姓(xing)宗祠通用聯
上(shang)聯(lian)典(dian)指(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)漢·第(di)五種為官(guan)清正,名(ming)冠(guan)州郡,時人謂:“清高(gao)正直,以(yi)種為首。”下聯(lian)典(dian)指(zhi)(zhi)第(di)五種的曾祖父第(di)五倫為司空(kong),奉公盡(jin)節,所得(de)俸祿僅(jin)給(gei)衣(yi)食,余(yu)皆(jie)散資貧民(min)。
維揚邗(han)東第五氏宗譜,著者待考(kao),民國年間木刻活字印(yin)本兩冊。現(xian)被收藏在江蘇省常州市家譜收藏者朱炳國處。
陜西旬邑第(di)五氏家譜,著者待考,民(min)國(guo)年間手寫本。現被收藏在(zai)陜西省咸陽(yang)市旬邑縣魏洛村第(di)五氏宗祠(ci)。
第五(wu)倫:字伯魚,京兆長陵人也,東漢(han)大(da)司空(即東漢(han)宰相(xiang))。其先齊諸田,諸田徙園陵者多,故(gu)以次第為(wei)氏。第五(wu)倫曾為(wei)東漢(han)初年(nian)光武帝(di)、明帝(di)、章帝(di)三朝元老,為(wei)官清廉無私,盡忠守節,其后輩有五(wu)人在朝為(wei)官,與(yu)東漢(han)相(xiang)始終。
第五頡:字子(zi)陵,第五倫少子(zi);京兆(zhao)長陵人(今陜西(xi)咸陽(yang))。著名東漢(han)大臣。先為郡功曹,州從事,公府辟舉高第,后為侍御(yu)史,南頓令,桂陽(yang)、南陽(yang)、廬江三郡太守,諫議(yi)大夫(fu)。漢(han)順(shun)帝(di)之(zhi)為太子(zi)廢也,第五頡為太中大夫(fu),與太仆(pu)來歷等共守闕固爭。漢(han)順(shun)帝(di)即位,第五頡擢(zhuo)為將作大匠(jiang),卒(zu)官。
第五種(zhong)(zhong):字興先(xian),歷官高密侯(hou)相、兗(yan)州刺史。因彈劾(he)中常(chang)侍單超及其侄子單匡,屢受陷害。當時人說(shuo):“清高正直,以(yi)第五種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)第一。”
第五訪:字(zi)仲(zhong)謀,東(dong)漢中期京兆長(chang)陵(今(jin)陜西省(sheng)咸陽市東(dong)北)人(ren)。
第五上(shang):東漢刺史,為(wei)官冠名州郡,永壽中以(yi)奉使稱職,拜(bai)高密侯相,懲(cheng)治(zhi)貪惡,剛直不宥。
第五元先(xian):東漢(han)學(xue)者,通(tong)京氏易、公羊春秋、三統(tong)歷、九章(zhang)算術,為鄭康成之(zhi)師(shi)。
第五琦:唐(tang)代同(tong)中書門下(xia)平章事(即唐(tang)朝宰相)。曾為扶風郡公,京兆尹,改戶部侍郎,判度支(zhi)等,能言強國富民術,不益賦而用以饒。乾元(yuan)時升任同(tong)中書門下(xia)平章事,終年(nian)七十歲,贈太子(zi)少保(bao)、子(zi)峰。
第五(wu)可范:唐(tang)昭宗(zong)的親信(xin)宦官,后來權臣(chen)朱溫(wen)迫使唐(tang)昭宗(zong)將第五(wu)可范賜死。
第五(wu)均:宋朝(chao)人,官至宰相,生卒不詳(xiang)。
中國復(fu)姓第五主(zhu)要聚居在陜西省咸陽市的魏(wei)洛(luo)村和(he)埝口五村,這兩個村子除了個別的雜姓外,基本都復(fu)姓第五。另外在全國各地的其它地方也散居著很多(duo)復(fu)姓第五。臺(tai)灣有(you)7家復(fu)姓第五,其祖先在今(jin)天的魏(wei)洛(luo)村,主(zhu)要居住在臺(tai)北市內湖區。
中(zhong)(zhong)國復姓(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”聚居最多(duo)的就(jiu)是在(zai)陜(shan)西省(sheng)旬(xun)邑縣(xian)太村(cun)鎮(zhen)赤道社區魏洛村(cun),全村(cun)有(you)4000多(duo)人都姓(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”。據村(cun)民(min)介(jie)紹,第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)為(wei)田齊王族之(zhi)后(hou)。祖上傳說(shuo)在(zai)漢(han)(han)朝(chao)就(jiu)住在(zai)這里。村(cun)上建有(you)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)氏三(san)朝(chao)宰相(xiang)(xiang)祠堂(tang)”,即東漢(han)(han)漢(han)(han)明帝(di)時(shi)期大司空:第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)倫,唐(tang)朝(chao)唐(tang)肅(su)宗(zong)時(shi)期宰相(xiang)(xiang):第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)琦,宋朝(chao)(時(shi)期不詳)宰相(xiang)(xiang):第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)均。有(you)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)氏宗(zong)族家譜”。2007年1月(yue)13日,陜(shan)西省(sheng)涇陽(yang)縣(xian)埝口五(wu)(wu)村(cun)。中(zhong)(zhong)國國家地理雜(za)志的攝影師馬宏杰指揮幾十位村(cun)民(min)拍集體照(zhao),因為(wei)這些村(cun)民(min)都姓(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”。“第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”這個(ge)姓(xing)其實并不鮮見(jian),古時(shi)候從“第(di)(di)(di)(di)一”到“第(di)(di)(di)(di)八”都是姓(xing)氏,《百家姓(xing)》中(zhong)(zhong)的最后(hou)8個(ge)字就(jiu)是“第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)言福、百家姓(xing)終(zhong)”。第(di)(di)(di)(di)一到第(di)(di)(di)(di)八都曾(ceng)存在(zai)過,不過現在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)最多(duo)的了,第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)主(zhu)要分布在(zai)陜(shan)西涇陽(yang)和旬(xun)邑。
今江(jiang)蘇省(sheng)的(de)揚州市(shi)(shi)(shi),天津市(shi)(shi)(shi),陜西(xi)省(sheng)的(de)咸陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)涇陽(yang)縣(xian)、旬邑縣(xian)、彬縣(xian)、西(xi)安市(shi)(shi)(shi)高陵(ling)縣(xian),寧夏回(hui)族自治區(qu)的(de)吳忠市(shi)(shi)(shi)、靈(ling)武市(shi)(shi)(shi),甘肅(su)省(sheng)的(de)慶陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)寧縣(xian)、浙江(jiang)省(sheng)的(de)舟山市(shi)(shi)(shi)定海(hai)縣(xian),安徽(hui)省(sheng)的(de)滁州市(shi)(shi)(shi),臺灣省(sheng)的(de)臺北市(shi)(shi)(shi)內湖區(qu)等地(di),均(jun)有第五氏族人(ren)分(fen)布,總人(ren)口在(zai)六千以(yi)上(shang)。
其(qi)(qi)中:姓第五(有(you)的(de)(de)寫(xie)成第伍)的(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)甘肅有(you)178人,姓第的(de)(de)有(you)1587人,合(he)(he)計1765人,主(zhu)要分布(bu)在(zai)(zai)甘肅省(sheng)寧縣(xian)(xian)、慶城縣(xian)(xian)和合(he)(he)水縣(xian)(xian),蘭州市(shi)、嘉(jia)峪關市(shi)、白銀市(shi)也有(you)分布(bu)。甘肅寧縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)第(第五)家族(zu),主(zhu)要居住在(zai)(zai)早(zao)勝(sheng)鎮、良平鎮等地(di),據考證,其(qi)(qi)祖先是從陜西旬邑縣(xian)(xian)赤道鄉魏洛村遷徙而(er)來(lai)。
《姓氏考略》:齊田氏后,漢(han)時(shi)齊諸(zhu)田徙至京兆房陵,以次第為姓,有第一(yi)至第八。
《后漢書·第(di)五倫傳》:后或改(gai)姓。