阿拉摩(mo)龍(long)(long)(Alamosaurus),又譯阿拉莫(mo)龍(long)(long),是(shi)薩爾塔龍(long)(long)科(ke)下的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)阿拉摩(mo)龍(long)(long)阿拉摩(mo)龍(long)(long)個屬,生活于(yu)上白堊紀的(de)(de)北(bei)美洲(zhou)。它(ta)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)種大型(xing)的(de)(de)四足的(de)(de)植食(shi)性恐龍(long)(long),而它(ta)所屬的(de)(de)泰坦巨龍(long)(long)家族,也(ye)是(shi)這個世界上存在的(de)(de)最后(hou)的(de)(de)植食(shi)恐龍(long)(long)家族。身長超過30米,體重可達75噸。阿拉摩(mo)龍(long)(long)與其他蜥(xi)腳下目(mu)的(de)(de)恐龍(long)(long)相(xiang)似,有著長的(de)(de)頸部及(ji)尾(wei)巴(ba)(ba),末(mo)端有著鞭索結(jie)構(gou)。阿拉摩(mo)龍(long)(long)和(he)很多大型(xing)蜥(xi)腳類(lei)植食(shi)恐龍(long)(long)一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)是(shi)大個子(zi),它(ta)也(ye)有長長的(de)(de)脖(bo)子(zi)和(he)尾(wei)巴(ba)(ba)。
阿(a)拉摩龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)明(ming)顯是泰(tai)坦巨(ju)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)的(de)派生成員,但是它(ta)在該科內(nei)的(de)關系卻不(bu)甚清楚。一個主要的(de)分析(xi)將阿(a)拉摩龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)與后(hou)凹尾(wei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)分類(lei)(lei)于薩(sa)爾(er)塔(ta)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科的(de)后(hou)凹尾(wei)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)亞科。另一個主要爭論的(de)分析(xi)則指阿(a)拉摩龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)是柏利連尼(ni)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)姊妹分類(lei)(lei),只是它(ta)們都是被分類(lei)(lei)在薩(sa)爾(er)塔(ta)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)科之外。其(qi)他(ta)科學(xue)家亦發現,在分支(zhi)系統學(xue)及形態學(xue)上,阿(a)拉摩龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)與內(nei)烏肯龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)及巴西的(de)三角(jiao)區龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)有獨特的(de)相似性。
阿(a)(a)(a)拉摩(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)是(shi)北(bei)美(mei)洲(zhou)晚(wan)白(bai)堊世唯一的(de)(de)泰坦龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei),關于(yu)它的(de)(de)起源也一直(zhi)個存在爭議(yi)的(de)(de)話題。以往(wang)的(de)(de)觀點(dian)認為阿(a)(a)(a)拉摩(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)可能從南美(mei)州(zhou)或者亞洲(zhou)的(de)(de)路橋遷徙而來,但也有可能起源于(yu)北(bei)美(mei)洲(zhou)本土(tu)。我們(men)對(dui)阿(a)(a)(a)拉摩(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究大多源于(yu)未發育(yu)成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)(de)個體,近年(nian)對(dui)阿(a)(a)(a)拉摩(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)標本的(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究后得知,阿(a)(a)(a)拉摩(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)其實(shi)與南美(mei)洲(zhou)的(de)(de)隆柯龍(long)(long)(long)類(lei)關系更(geng)近,所(suo)以阿(a)(a)(a)拉摩(mo)龍(long)(long)(long)更(geng)有可能是(shi)由南美(mei)洲(zhou)遷徙至北(bei)美(mei)州(zhou)的(de)(de)。主要分布在今天的(de)(de)美(mei)國南部。
阿拉(la)摩(mo)(mo)龍(long)是最后的蜥腳(jiao)類恐龍(long)之一(yi)(yi),成(cheng)年阿拉(la)摩(mo)(mo)龍(long)體(ti)長超過30米,重達75噸(dun)。因為它們身體(ti)龐大,所以(yi)它們一(yi)(yi)天(tian)可吃下一(yi)(yi)噸(dun)重的樹葉(xie)。十幾只阿拉(la)摩(mo)(mo)龍(long)幾小時就能吃光一(yi)(yi)片樹林。阿拉(la)摩(mo)(mo)龍(long)每天(tian)都必(bi)須四處遷徙尋找食物,因此,科學(xue)家推測(ce)雌(ci)性阿拉(la)摩(mo)(mo)龍(long)從不(bu)筑巢(chao)生蛋,而是每次只下5,6只蛋,從而提高后代的存(cun)活率。通常(chang)情況下,每3000枚蛋中,只有一(yi)(yi)個可以(yi)順利(li)活到(dao)成(cheng)年。
阿拉(la)摩龍(long)(long)有許多骨(gu)骼和散骨(gu)化(hua)石(shi)的(de)(de)發(fa)現(xian),意味著阿拉(la)摩龍(long)(long)分(fen)布很(hen)廣,是一(yi)個成(cheng)功(gong)的(de)(de)物種。頭骨(gu)化(hua)石(shi)仍(reng)沒有發(fa)現(xian)。保(bao)存最(zui)(zui)完整的(de)(de)化(hua)石(shi)來(lai)自(zi)于亞成(cheng)年(nian)的(de)(de)阿拉(la)摩龍(long)(long),通(tong)過這(zhe)些化(hua)石(shi)可以推(tui)算出成(cheng)年(nian)阿拉(la)摩龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)大小(xiao)。這(zhe)些龐大的(de)(de)植食恐龍(long)(long)可能(neng)是以群(qun)體生(sheng)活(huo)(huo),以高大樹木上的(de)(de)葉子為(wei)食,然后(hou)用胃里的(de)(de)胃石(shi)幫助(zhu)消化(hua)。它們和掠食性的(de)(de)暴龍(long)(long)類(lei)(lei)恐龍(long)(long)及(ji)其他獸腳類(lei)(lei)恐龍(long)(long)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)在(zai)同(tong)一(yi)片土地上很(hen)可能(neng)是最(zui)(zui)后(hou)滅亡的(de)(de)非鳥(niao)類(lei)(lei)恐龍(long)(long)之一(yi)。
成(cheng)年阿(a)拉摩(mo)龍(long)體型巨大,沒(mei)有天敵,但霸王(wang)龍(long)會攻擊小(xiao)個(ge)體阿(a)拉摩(mo)龍(long),一(yi)(yi)塊小(xiao)個(ge)體的阿(a)拉摩(mo)龍(long)頸骨化(hua)(hua)石(shi),因為上(shang)面還(huan)保存有霸王(wang)龍(long)的牙齒化(hua)(hua)石(shi),而在另(ling)一(yi)(yi)具小(xiao)個(ge)體阿(a)拉摩(mo)龍(long)的前肢化(hua)(hua)石(shi)上(shang)也(ye)發現過霸王(wang)龍(long)的咬痕(hen)。可以想象當時霸王(wang)龍(long)襲擊阿(a)拉摩(mo)龍(long)時的場景。