修水(shui)黃(huang)龍(long)古(gu)剎,位(wei)(wei)于(yu)湘、鄂(e)、贛三(san)(san)(san)省(sheng)(sheng)交界的幕阜山(shan)(shan)東麓,修水(shui)縣西(xi)北(bei)區黃(huang)龍(long)村境內,宋(song)代為(wei)江南佛教四(si)大叢(cong)林之一,是(shi)中國佛教禪(chan)宗黃(huang)龍(long)宗發源地,1987年(nian)列(lie)為(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)級文物保護單(dan)位(wei)(wei)。古(gu)剎始(shi)建(jian)于(yu)唐乾寧二年(nian)(895年(nian)),為(wei)超慧(hui)祖師所創。超慧(hui)至黃(huang)龍(long)觀止而言曰:“凝三(san)(san)(san)山(shan)(shan)之靈秀,蓄九泉之源流,九關十三(san)(san)(san)鎖,真佛境也(ye)。”遂建(jian)黃(huang)龍(long)寺(si)。據僧譜所載(zai),此寺(si)初(chu)建(jian)時,一進九重,規(gui)模宏大。建(jian)有韋陀殿、天王殿、鐘鼓樓、金剛殿、大雄(xiong)寶殿等殿宇,氣魄雄(xiong)偉(wei)。
至(zhi)清末民初及十年(nian)文革浩(hao)劫期間,寺院最(zui)后慘遭破(po)壞,古樹被(bei)砍到,寺廟(miao)被(bei)焚(fen)燒,神鐘被(bei)砸爛(lan),佛像(xiang)被(bei)推翻。幾經興衰的黃龍(long)寺,至(zhi)1994年(nian),本縣出(chu)家多年(nian)的比(bi)丘尼——仁(ren)玉、惟白母女倆為弘揚家鄉佛法,隨緣(yuan)回鄉住寺,使(shi)沉睡多年(nian)的黃龍(long)寺重新點燃(ran)了香(xiang)火。
寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)右(you)側有(you)(you)石刻(ke)“翠云洞(dong)(dong)”三字(zi),洞(dong)(dong)內(nei)有(you)(you)宋(song)人摩(mo)崖石刻(ke)“張顏(yan)幾、黃(huang)叔豹、叔熬、茂來謁長老清公,時堂中有(you)(you)眾五百(bai)人。建乙酉二月甲(jia)子。”其(qi)側有(you)(you)江西派詩人韓(han)駒題刻(ke)“韓(han)駒丕(pi)馳來游(you)”。寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)右(you)側有(you)(you)崖鑿(zao)石梯(ti)(ti)級,名上天(tian)梯(ti)(ti)。其(qi)石壁刻(ke)有(you)(you)“南無阿彌陀佛”六字(zi),其(qi)側另有(you)(you)一(yi)處(chu)僧人焚化之(zhi)地,名“化人坑”,其(qi)石壁上有(you)(you)“三關”二字(zi)石刻(ke)。寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)前約五百(bai)米處(chu)右(you)側石壁刻(ke)有(you)(you)“法窟”二字(zi)。數十(shi)座高僧墓塔(亭),即為黃(huang)龍寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)塔林,位于黃(huang)龍寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)右(you)前,黃(huang)龍宗(zong)祖(zu)師慧南于宋(song)熙(xi)寧(ning)二年圓寂(ji),塔葬寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)之(zhi)右(you)前嶂,保存至今。他的(de)兩代主要傳人祖(zu)心(xin)、死心(xin)圓寂(ji)后(hou)其(qi)舍利塔即建于此,后(hou)人稱(cheng)之(zhi)為三塔嘰,為黃(huang)龍寺(si)(si)(si)(si)(si)著名人文勝跡。
在現(xian)存(cun)觀(guan)音堂內(nei),清(qing)光緒六年(nian)的木刻(ke)禪匾上行(xing)書“箭鋒(feng)妙法”四個大(da)字雖(sui)距今130余(yu)年(nian),依然完好(hao)。最為可貴與難得的是寺內(nei)還(huan)完好(hao)地保存(cun)著劉基(ji)題的一幅對聯(lian):“呂祖參禪到(dao)此間(jian),始釋修行(xing)奧妙;黃公訪(fang)道登斯地,方明出世因緣(yuan)。”
慧(hui)南普能—祖(zu)心(xin)(xin)道(dao)瑄—惟清(qing)了潔—韶(shao)陽悟(wu)新(xin)—祖(zu)意正海(hai)—瞿成像明—可遺(yi)因相—慧(hui)通智(zhi)(zhi)慥(zao)—光(guang)凌(ling)曉(xiao)安—明覺妙良(liang)—顯清(qing)惠游—慧(hui)宗德(de)修—光(guang)湛紹(shao)祖(zu)—宗澄(cheng)慈(ci)清(qing)—復明永(yong)佑—錦明慶(qing)(qing)致—元(yuan)(yuan)盡真飲—宗龍(long)嗣(si)續—翠(cui)蘇宏(hong)(hong)文(wen)(wen)(wen)—鑒心(xin)(xin)希才—燭朗普光(guang)—心(xin)(xin)空道(dao)簡—養元(yuan)(yuan)了實(shi)—澄(cheng)光(guang)悟(wu)修—獻玉正滌—元(yuan)(yuan)甫緣(yuan)華—月潭因賢—一菩智(zhi)(zhi)美(mei)—汝文(wen)(wen)(wen)曉(xiao)通—時春妙果(guo)—相甫惠贊—子云德(de)漢(han)—自如紹(shao)夫(fu)—以智(zhi)(zhi)慈(ci)慧(hui)—元(yuan)(yuan)美(mei)永(yong)華—必能慶(qing)(qing)良(liang)—本(ben)(ben)明真文(wen)(wen)(wen)—復中嗣(si)敬—?德(de)宏(hong)(hong)仁—文(wen)(wen)(wen)興希旺—一祥普慶(qing)(qing)—園明道(dao)鏡—慧(hui)燈(deng)了然—盛奄悟(wu)勝—繼菴(an)正法—景翠(cui)緣(yuan)吉—朗然因澄(cheng)—月軒智(zhi)(zhi)滿—慈(ci)慧(hui)膛(tang)啟(qi)—盛吉妙成—永(yong)宗惠榮—惟慶(qing)(qing)德(de)吉—文(wen)(wen)(wen)理紹(shao)虎—隱淮(huai)慈(ci)惠—惺德(de)永(yong)福—參(can)如慶(qing)(qing)良(liang)—黨(dang)海(hai)真傳(chuan)—悟(wu)微嗣(si)禧—微庵(an)宏(hong)(hong)惠—毓宗希傳(chuan)—祥明普慧(hui)—星亮道(dao)成—松穎了龍(long)—演(yan)清(qing)悟(wu)連—界然正潮—密(mi)宏(hong)(hong)緣(yuan)機—碧空遠興—覺聰永(yong)性—秋聲佛谷—輝谷祖(zu)耀—融(rong)朗印春—遇寬本(ben)(ben)啟(qi)—若能演(yan)會—習傳(chuan)續岳(yue)—萬法心(xin)(xin)?—脫塵宗乘—西岳(yue)華封—妙元(yuan)(yuan)嚴遵(zun)—自逍方來—月淮(huai)澄(cheng)波—爽懷凈里—醒迷果(guo)通。
黃龍(long)(long)(long)寺(si),原(yuan)名黃龍(long)(long)(long)于(yu)玕寺(si),由青(qing)原(yuan)玄泉彥禪師之徒超(chao)慧于(yu)唐乾(qian)寧(ning)二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(895年(nian)(nian)(nian))創建,至今(jin)已有1100多年(nian)(nian)(nian)歷史(shi)。寺(si)址由“風(feng)水(shui)之祖”司馬頭陀親(qin)自勘(kan)定,故僧侶云集(ji),宗(zong)(zong)風(feng)遠(yuan)振(zhen);超(chao)慧禪師降伏(fu)呂(lv)洞賓為(wei)侍客(ke)童子(zi),聲(sheng)名鵲起,有“法窟”之稱(cheng);唐、宋曾三次(即光(guang)化二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(899年(nian)(nian)(nian))、元佑元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(904年(nian)(nian)(nian))、祥符八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(101年(nian)(nian)(nian)))旌表超(chao)慧和黃龍(long)(long)(long)寺(si)為(wei)“黃龍(long)(long)(long)大德祖師”、“黃龍(long)(long)(long)祖師”與(yu)“崇恩黃龍(long)(long)(long)禪院(yuan)”,故有“三敕崇恩禪院(yuan)”之稱(cheng),叢林側目;宋英宗(zong)(zong)治平(ping)二年(nian)(nian)(nian),洪州(zhou)太(tai)守程公孟敦請(qing)臨(lin)濟名僧慧南(nan)入主,創立(li)黃龍(long)(long)(long)宗(zong)(zong),聲(sheng)名大振(zhen)。至今(jin)存(cun)有眾多歷史(shi)遺(yi)跡,如(ru)遍布寺(si)周的僧墳(fen)及摩崖石刻,著名的景觀(guan)“九關十三鎖(suo)”在寺(si)正前方。
黃(huang)(huang)龍寺為歷代文(wen)人騷客所詠頌,亦(yi)有珍稀手跡傳世而存。皈依黃(huang)(huang)龍宗的居(ju)士如蘇(su)軾、黃(huang)(huang)庭(ting)堅(jian)(jian)、張商(shang)英、徐禧等一(yi)大(da)批(pi)文(wen)人士大(da)夫,以(yi)及曾經宦游修水(shui)的文(wen)人曾鞏、陸游等人,都為黃(huang)(huang)龍寺寫過(guo)詩(shi)篇文(wen)章。特別是(shi)黃(huang)(huang)庭(ting)堅(jian)(jian),由于是(shi)江西修水(shui)人,入(ru)祖心(xin)晦(hui)堂之室,又與靈(ling)源惟清(qing)、死心(xin)悟新、兜率慧照(zhao)、清(qing)涼慧洪(hong)等一(yi)批(pi)黃(huang)(huang)龍高僧過(guo)從甚密(mi),所以(yi)為黃(huang)(huang)龍寺留(liu)下諸(zhu)多詩(shi)文(wen)書法(fa)。
相(xiang)傳,當時黃龍(long)寺大小(xiao)匾額碑記(ji)皆為黃庭堅所(suo)書。其親筆手(shou)書有楷書“三言詩(shi)帖”、大行(xing)楷“晦堂和尚開堂疏”、行(xing)書“觀(guan)音(yin)贊”、“燒香(xiang)頌”以及(ji)摩崖石(shi)刻“靈源”、“黃龍(long)山(shan)”、“法窟”等。
“靈(ling)源”二字(zi)(zi),行(xing)楷(kai)陰刻于靈(ling)源拱橋頭(tou)左(zuo)側巨石(shi)上;“三(san)敕崇(chong)恩禪院”的匾額永留寺(si)中,“黃龍山(shan)”三(san)字(zi)(zi)刻于寺(si)前(qian)下馬(ma)石(shi)壁上,字(zi)(zi)徑達85厘(li)米,其遒勁蒼健的手(shou)跡(ji)至今清(qing)晰(xi)可(ke)見。崇(chong)寧元年春,黃庭(ting)堅(jian)從四川(chuan)貶官獲赦(she)回修,拜(bai)訪分別(bie)多年的道(dao)友靈(ling)源惟清(qing),又與(yu)道(dao)友戴道(dao)純邂逅于黃龍寺(si)。當時,晦(hui)堂(tang)祖(zu)心(xin)已圓寂,塔于慧南之側,黃庭(ting)堅(jian)作《燒香頌》拜(bai)過慧南、祖(zu)心(xin)雙塔,臨別(bie)作詩一首(shou)云:山(shan)行(xing)十日雨沾(zhan)衣,幕阜(fu)山(shan)前(qian)對落暉。野水自添田(tian)水滿(man),晴(qing)鳩(jiu)卻喚雨鳩(jiu)歸。靈(ling)源大師人天(tian)眼,雙塔祖(zu)師諸(zhu)佛機。白發蒼顏(yan)重到此,問君還是昔人非?
并將古寺(si)尚存的遺址東(dong)方(fang)丈(zhang)、祖(zu)師堂等(deng)得到了(le)修復(fu)(fu);1996年(nian),上海等(deng)地佛門(men)(men)弟(di)子遠道捐贈神鐘,送來佛像;1998年(nian)地方(fang)政府協助修通(tong)了(le)抵寺(si)公(gong)路;近年(nian)來寺(si)院(yuan)住持等(deng)籌資又修改(gai)了(le)門(men)(men)首河道,恢(hui)復(fu)(fu)了(le)古寺(si)地形風水原貌;日本佛教界多(duo)次專門(men)(men)派人前來拜謁黃龍祖(zu)庭。
黃龍(long)古剎,由于(yu)歷(li)(li)史悠久,風(feng)景別(bie)致,吸引歷(li)(li)代(dai)文人墨客常游此地,如宋代(dai)王(wang)安石(shi)、蘇(su)軾、蘇(su)澈、黃庭堅、張商英、陸游、萬承(cheng)風(feng)、明軍師劉(liu)伯溫(wen)、清乾隆等,他們之中并留有摩(mo)崖石(shi)刻,“靈源”、“黃龍(long)山(shan)”、“法窟”、“三(san)關”、“翠云洞”等手跡,并保存(cun)完好。而(er)其它遺址(物(wu))因年代(dai)久遠(yuan),歷(li)(li)盡滄桑(sang),尚存(cun)不(bu)多,令人嘆息(xi)!