背景介紹：

禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)祖(zu)師為(wei)(wei)(wei)印度高僧達摩尊(zun)者，傳慧(hui)可、僧璨(can)、道信。至五祖(zu)弘(hong)忍(ren)后(hou)又(you)(you)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)南宗(zong)(zong)(zong)惠能（六祖(zu)），北(bei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)神(shen)秀(xiu)。之后(hou)隨著大(da)范圍(wei)傳播發(fa)展，又(you)(you)分成溈仰宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、臨濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、云(yun)門宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、法眼宗(zong)(zong)(zong)；臨濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)后(hou)來(lai)又(you)(you)形(xing)成黃龍、楊(yang)岐兩派(pai)，稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“五家(jia)七宗(zong)(zong)(zong)”。禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)五宗(zong)(zong)(zong)當中(zhong)，保存下(xia)來(lai)的只(zhi)有臨濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)和曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)兩派(pai)，其(qi)他(ta)三派(pai)法眼云(yun)門宗(zong)(zong)(zong)和溈仰宗(zong)(zong)(zong)從(cong)宋朝之后(hou)就(jiu)已經失傳。

在(zai)禪門五宗(zong)中，臨濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)從(cong)宋以(yi)后(hou)基(ji)本上成為禪宗(zong)主(zhu)流，臨濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)流傳(chuan)時間長(chang)，影響(xiang)大，從(cong)曹溪(xi)的(de)六祖(zu)惠(hui)能(neng)，歷南(nan)岳、馬(ma)祖(zu)、百丈、黃檗，一直到(dao)臨濟(ji)(ji)的(de)義玄，于(yu)臨濟(ji)(ji)禪院舉(ju)揚一家，后(hou)世稱(cheng)為臨濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)。義玄是惠(hui)能(neng)的(de)六世法孫。又臨濟(ji)(ji)六世孫為石霜之圓禪師。圓禪師以(yi)后(hou)分楊岐(qi)派(pai)、黃龍派(pai)。已故深圳(zhen)弘法寺(si)佛門泰斗本煥長(chang)老是臨濟(ji)(ji)宗(zong)臨濟(ji)(ji)法派(pai)第四(si)十四(si)代傳(chuan)人(ren)，本煥長(chang)老舍(she)利(li)供(gong)奉于(yu):深圳(zhen)弘法寺(si)、敦煌雷音寺(si)、福泉寺(si)等。

曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)最(zui)初(chu)創立并不(bu)(bu)在云居(ju)山(shan)(shan)，而(er)是在宜春宜豐(feng)縣的(de)(de)洞山(shan)(shan)和撫州宜黃縣的(de)(de)曹山(shan)(shan)分別(bie)創立。宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)派要一直傳(chuan)承(cheng)(cheng)下(xia)(xia)來(lai)并不(bu)(bu)容(rong)易(yi)，曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)在曹山(shan)(shan)一脈僅傳(chuan)了(le)4代(dai)就失傳(chuan)了(le)，最(zui)終還(huan)是洞山(shan)(shan)一脈在云居(ju)山(shan)(shan)真如寺弘(hong)法(fa)，將(jiang)曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)傳(chuan)承(cheng)(cheng)至今(jin)。禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)與凈土宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)合流。臨(lin)濟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)風一剛一柔，臨(lin)濟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)為國內(nei)主(zhu)流。曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)漸臨(lin)消(xiao)泯后(hou)曹洞一支，由于疏(shu)山(shan)(shan)匡仁、云居(ju)道膺門下(xia)(xia)弟(di)子眾多，可以衍(yan)延(yan)下(xia)(xia)去，直至今(jin)天(tian)。另外新羅(今(jin)朝(chao)鮮)僧人(ren)利(li)嚴(870—936年(nian))曾嗣(si)法(fa)于道膺，歸(gui)國后(hou)在須(xu)彌山(shan)(shan)建廣照增，創須(xu)彌山(shan)(shan)派。公元13世紀初(chu)，日(ri)本(ben)(ben)僧人(ren)道元又(you)將(jiang)曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)傳(chuan)入(ru)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)，開立日(ri)本(ben)(ben)曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)。到20世紀80年(nian)代(dai)，日(ri)本(ben)(ben)曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)信徒已發展到1000多萬人(ren)。

日本傳(chuan)統佛教(jiao)的“十三宗(zong)(zong)(zong)”這13宗(zong)(zong)(zong)為(wei)(wei)：臨濟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、黃(huang)檗(bo)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)自(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)本屬于臨濟宗(zong)(zong)(zong)）、曹洞(dong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)自(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)）、凈土宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)自(zi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)）、真言宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（又稱“東(dong)密”相(xiang)(xiang)傳(chuan)為(wei)(wei)唐朝密宗(zong)(zong)(zong)青龍寺惠果大師(shi)真傳(chuan)）、天(tian)臺(tai)(tai)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)“東(dong)密”相(xiang)(xiang)對，又稱“臺(tai)(tai)密”，源(yuan)于中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的天(tian)臺(tai)(tai)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)）、律宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的律宗(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)(xiang)似(si)）、華(hua)嚴宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的華(hua)嚴宗(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)(xiang)似(si)）、法相(xiang)(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)的法相(xiang)(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)(xiang)似(si)）、凈土真宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、日蓮(lian)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、融(rong)通(tong)念佛宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、時宗(zong)(zong)(zong)。