背景介紹：

禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)祖師為印度高僧達摩尊者，傳慧可、僧璨、道(dao)信。至(zhi)五祖弘忍后(hou)又(you)分為南宗(zong)(zong)(zong)惠能（六祖），北(bei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)神秀(xiu)。之后(hou)隨著大范圍傳播發(fa)展(zhan)，又(you)分成(cheng)溈仰宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、臨(lin)濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、云(yun)(yun)門宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、法眼宗(zong)(zong)(zong)；臨(lin)濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)后(hou)來又(you)形(xing)成(cheng)黃(huang)龍、楊岐兩派，稱為“五家七宗(zong)(zong)(zong)”。禪宗(zong)(zong)(zong)五宗(zong)(zong)(zong)當中，保(bao)存下來的只有臨(lin)濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)和曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)兩派，其他三派法眼云(yun)(yun)門宗(zong)(zong)(zong)和溈仰宗(zong)(zong)(zong)從宋朝之后(hou)就已經失(shi)傳。

在禪(chan)門(men)五(wu)宗中，臨(lin)(lin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)宗從(cong)宋以后(hou)(hou)基(ji)本上成為(wei)禪(chan)宗主流，臨(lin)(lin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)宗流傳時間長，影響大，從(cong)曹溪的六祖惠能，歷南岳、馬祖、百丈、黃檗，一(yi)直到(dao)臨(lin)(lin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)的義(yi)玄，于臨(lin)(lin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)禪(chan)院(yuan)舉揚一(yi)家，后(hou)(hou)世稱(cheng)為(wei)臨(lin)(lin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)宗。義(yi)玄是惠能的六世法(fa)(fa)(fa)孫。又臨(lin)(lin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)六世孫為(wei)石霜(shuang)之圓禪(chan)師。圓禪(chan)師以后(hou)(hou)分(fen)楊岐派、黃龍派。已故深(shen)圳(zhen)弘法(fa)(fa)(fa)寺佛門(men)泰斗本煥(huan)長老(lao)是臨(lin)(lin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)宗臨(lin)(lin)濟(ji)(ji)(ji)法(fa)(fa)(fa)派第(di)四十四代傳人，本煥(huan)長老(lao)舍(she)利供奉(feng)于:深(shen)圳(zhen)弘法(fa)(fa)(fa)寺、敦煌(huang)雷音寺、福泉寺等。

曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)宗(zong)最(zui)初創立(li)并(bing)不(bu)在(zai)(zai)云居(ju)(ju)山(shan)(shan)(shan)，而是在(zai)(zai)宜(yi)春宜(yi)豐縣的洞(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)和撫州(zhou)宜(yi)黃縣的曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)分(fen)別創立(li)。宗(zong)派要一直傳(chuan)承(cheng)(cheng)下來(lai)并(bing)不(bu)容(rong)易，曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)宗(zong)在(zai)(zai)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)一脈(mo)僅傳(chuan)了(le)4代(dai)就失(shi)傳(chuan)了(le)，最(zui)終還是洞(dong)(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)一脈(mo)在(zai)(zai)云居(ju)(ju)山(shan)(shan)(shan)真如(ru)寺弘法(fa)，將(jiang)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)宗(zong)傳(chuan)承(cheng)(cheng)至今。禪宗(zong)與凈土(tu)宗(zong)合流。臨(lin)濟(ji)宗(zong)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)宗(zong)宗(zong)風一剛一柔(rou)，臨(lin)濟(ji)宗(zong)為國內主流。曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)宗(zong)漸臨(lin)消泯后曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)一支，由于疏(shu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)匡仁、云居(ju)(ju)道(dao)膺(ying)門下弟子眾多(duo)(duo)，可(ke)以衍延下去，直至今天。另外新羅(今朝鮮)僧人(ren)利嚴(870—936年(nian))曾嗣法(fa)于道(dao)膺(ying)，歸國后在(zai)(zai)須彌山(shan)(shan)(shan)建廣照(zhao)增，創須彌山(shan)(shan)(shan)派。公(gong)元13世紀(ji)初，日本僧人(ren)道(dao)元又將(jiang)曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)宗(zong)傳(chuan)入(ru)日本，開立(li)日本曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)宗(zong)。到(dao)20世紀(ji)80年(nian)代(dai)，日本曹(cao)(cao)(cao)(cao)洞(dong)(dong)(dong)宗(zong)信徒已發展到(dao)1000多(duo)(duo)萬(wan)人(ren)。

日(ri)本傳(chuan)統佛教的(de)“十(shi)三宗(zong)(zong)(zong)”這13宗(zong)(zong)(zong)為(wei)：臨濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、黃檗宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)自(zi)中國(guo)本屬于臨濟(ji)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)）、曹洞宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)自(zi)中國(guo)）、凈土宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（源(yuan)自(zi)中國(guo)）、真(zhen)言宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（又(you)(you)稱“東(dong)密”相(xiang)(xiang)傳(chuan)為(wei)唐朝密宗(zong)(zong)(zong)青龍(long)寺惠果大師真(zhen)傳(chuan)）、天臺宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與“東(dong)密”相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)，又(you)(you)稱“臺密”，源(yuan)于中國(guo)的(de)天臺宗(zong)(zong)(zong)）、律(lv)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與中國(guo)的(de)律(lv)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)(xiang)似）、華嚴宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與中國(guo)的(de)華嚴宗(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)(xiang)似）、法相(xiang)(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)（與中國(guo)的(de)法相(xiang)(xiang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)相(xiang)(xiang)似）、凈土真(zhen)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、日(ri)蓮(lian)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、融通念佛宗(zong)(zong)(zong)、時宗(zong)(zong)(zong)。