黃煙(yan)(yan)是(shi)南(nan)(nan)雄一寶,南(nan)(nan)雄農民(min)(min)種煙(yan)(yan)、嗜煙(yan)(yan),一輩子離(li)不(bu)開(kai)煙(yan)(yan);南(nan)(nan)雄卷煙(yan)(yan)廠產煙(yan)(yan)、銷(xiao)煙(yan)(yan),“百順(shun)”、“珠璣”行銷(xiao)各地。南(nan)(nan)雄重要的(de)經濟(ji)(ji)支柱是(shi)黃煙(yan)(yan),每年黃煙(yan)(yan)收入(ru)要占國民(min)(min)經濟(ji)(ji)總收入(ru)的(de)一半以上(shang)。
南雄黃煙種植(zhi)已(yi)有(you)300多年(nian)歷史。南雄煙葉(xie)品(pin)質(zhi)優良,為我國(guo)煙葉(xie)商品(pin)的名牌產品(pin),歷來飲譽中(zhong)外,內(nei)銷全國(guo)28個(ge)大中(zhong)城市,曾一度遠(yuan)銷67個(ge)國(guo)家和(he)地區。
1984年至(zhi)1994年,累計(ji)煙(yan)葉(xie)總(zong)產21萬(wan)噸(dun),年均產2.1萬(wan)噸(dun),為(wei)廣東省年均產量的50%左右(you)。10年平均收購(gou)煙(yan)葉(xie)15600噸(dun)。為(wei)全(quan)省年均收購(gou)量的60%左右(you)。煙(yan)葉(xie)產量和收購(gou)量均居(ju)全(quan)省之首。全(quan)國煙(yan)草種植面積(ji)達(da)20萬(wan)畝(mu)以上的縣市只有6個,南雄是其中之一。
由此可見南(nan)(nan)(nan)雄黃煙(yan)(yan)(yan)在(zai)全(quan)(quan)省舉足輕重,在(zai)全(quan)(quan)國名列前茅(mao)。1985年(nian),廣東省煙(yan)(yan)(yan)草總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)公司(si)確定南(nan)(nan)(nan)雄為優(you)質生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)。1986年(nian),中國煙(yan)(yan)(yan)草總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)公司(si)又確定南(nan)(nan)(nan)雄為出口曬煙(yan)(yan)(yan)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)。1992年(nian),原中國煙(yan)(yan)(yan)草總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)公司(si)總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)經(jing)理(li)李益三(san)到南(nan)(nan)(nan)雄視察時,欣然題(ti)詞:“金(jin)葉之鄉(xiang)(xiang)在(zai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)雄"。的(de)確,不(bu)論(lun)從數量還(huan)是(shi)質量來看(kan),南(nan)(nan)(nan)雄堪(kan)稱煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉之鄉(xiang)(xiang)。全(quan)(quan)市(shi)24個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮都種植黃煙(yan)(yan)(yan),煙(yan)(yan)(yan)農10余萬戶,占總(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)戶數的(de)八成多。在(zai)南(nan)(nan)(nan)雄盆(pen)地(di)田野(ye)上(shang),黃煙(yan)(yan)(yan)連綿20余萬畝,春來一(yi)片翠綠,夏至一(yi)片金(jin)黃。到了收煙(yan)(yan)(yan)季節,烤房爐火通(tong)明,村巷煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉飄香。全(quan)(quan)市(shi)上(shang)下為煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉而忙碌,為煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉而歡笑。
南(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)黃煙(yan)(yan)于清初自閩(min)南(nan)傳(chuan)入(ru),至今300多(duo)年(nian),盛(sheng)產不衰。閩(min)南(nan)黃煙(yan)(yan)是怎(zen)樣(yang)傳(chuan)入(ru)南(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)的呢?主要通過兩(liang)條渠(qu)道(dao)(dao):一(yi)條是通過氏(shi)族(zu)遷徙。南(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)不少氏(shi)族(zu)來自閩(min)南(nan),他們遷徙來南(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)的同時,把黃煙(yan)(yan)的生產技術(shu)也(ye)帶到(dao)了南(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong);另一(yi)條渠(qu)道(dao)(dao)是商(shang)業貿易。明清南(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)商(shang)業貿易非常繁榮(rong),閩(min)南(nan)來南(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)經商(shang)的人不少,他們為(wei)了獲取商(shang)業利潤,很樂意把黃煙(yan)(yan)生產技術(shu)引進南(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)。黃煙(yan)(yan)傳(chuan)入(ru)南(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)后,與南(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)特有的土壤、氣候條件相適應,煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie)品質優(you)良(liang),種者日眾。清乾隆嘉年(nian)間已(yi)成一(yi)方(fang)特產。清道(dao)(dao)光四年(nian)《直隸南(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)州志.物產》載:"煙(yan)(yan)葉(xie),舊志未載,近年(nian)四五十(shi)年(nian)日暫增植,春(chun)種秋收,每(mei)年(nian)貨銀百(bai)萬兩(liang),其(qi)利幾與禾(he)稻等。"。
南(nan)雄(xiong)黃(huang)葉(xie)以葉(xie)色金黃(huang)、煙(yan)(yan)(yan)味醇香、易燃灰(hui)白三大特性而素負盛名,為當今各大煙(yan)(yan)(yan)廠生產品牌卷煙(yan)(yan)(yan)之原料。南(nan)雄(xiong)曬煙(yan)(yan)(yan)歷來(lai)很受外商歡迎,出口頗多。
民國時期(qi)已暢銷五大(da)洲(zhou)67個(ge)國家和(he)地區。1953年(nian)(nian)(nian)到(dao)1979年(nian)(nian)(nian),年(nian)(nian)(nian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)額三五百噸,多的1954年(nian)(nian)(nian),出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)1155噸。1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou),由于國外(wai)煙葉市場的變(bian)化,消費習慣由清香型變(bian)為濃香型,外(wai)貿(mao)出(chu)(chu)(chu)口(kou)停止。
近(jin)幾年,隨(sui)著煙葉品(pin)種改良,質量(liang)提高(gao),南雄煙葉又(you)恢復出(chu)口。