黃煙是(shi)南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)一寶,南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)農民種煙、嗜煙,一輩子離(li)不開煙;南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)卷煙廠(chang)產(chan)煙、銷煙,“百順”、“珠璣(ji)”行銷各(ge)地。南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)重要的經濟(ji)(ji)支柱(zhu)是(shi)黃煙,每年黃煙收(shou)入要占國民經濟(ji)(ji)總收(shou)入的一半以上。
南雄(xiong)黃煙(yan)種(zhong)植(zhi)已有300多年歷史。南雄(xiong)煙(yan)葉品質優良,為(wei)我國(guo)(guo)煙(yan)葉商品的名牌(pai)產品,歷來飲(yin)譽中外,內銷(xiao)全國(guo)(guo)28個大中城市,曾一度(du)遠銷(xiao)67個國(guo)(guo)家和地區(qu)。
1984年(nian)至1994年(nian),累(lei)計煙葉(xie)總產21萬(wan)噸,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)產2.1萬(wan)噸,為廣東省(sheng)年(nian)均(jun)(jun)產量(liang)的50%左右。10年(nian)平均(jun)(jun)收購煙葉(xie)15600噸。為全(quan)省(sheng)年(nian)均(jun)(jun)收購量(liang)的60%左右。煙葉(xie)產量(liang)和(he)收購量(liang)均(jun)(jun)居全(quan)省(sheng)之首。全(quan)國煙草(cao)種植面積達20萬(wan)畝(mu)以上的縣市只(zhi)有6個,南(nan)雄是其中(zhong)之一(yi)。
由此可(ke)見南雄(xiong)(xiong)黃煙在(zai)全省舉足輕重,在(zai)全國(guo)名列前茅。1985年(nian)(nian),廣東省煙草總(zong)(zong)公(gong)司(si)(si)確定南雄(xiong)(xiong)為優質(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)產基地(di)。1986年(nian)(nian),中(zhong)國(guo)煙草總(zong)(zong)公(gong)司(si)(si)又(you)確定南雄(xiong)(xiong)為出口曬(shai)煙生(sheng)(sheng)產基地(di)。1992年(nian)(nian),原中(zhong)國(guo)煙草總(zong)(zong)公(gong)司(si)(si)總(zong)(zong)經理李益三到(dao)南雄(xiong)(xiong)視(shi)察時,欣然題詞(ci):“金(jin)葉(xie)(xie)之鄉在(zai)南雄(xiong)(xiong)"。的確,不論從數(shu)量(liang)還是質(zhi)量(liang)來(lai)看,南雄(xiong)(xiong)堪稱(cheng)煙葉(xie)(xie)之鄉。全市(shi)24個鄉鎮都(dou)種植黃煙,煙農10余萬(wan)(wan)戶,占總(zong)(zong)戶數(shu)的八成多。在(zai)南雄(xiong)(xiong)盆地(di)田野上,黃煙連(lian)綿20余萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu),春來(lai)一片翠綠,夏至一片金(jin)黃。到(dao)了(le)收(shou)煙季節,烤房爐火通明(ming),村巷(xiang)煙葉(xie)(xie)飄香。全市(shi)上下(xia)為煙葉(xie)(xie)而忙碌,為煙葉(xie)(xie)而歡(huan)笑。
南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)黃(huang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)于(yu)清(qing)初自閩南(nan)(nan)傳(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)(ru),至今300多(duo)年,盛產(chan)不(bu)衰。閩南(nan)(nan)黃(huang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)是(shi)怎樣傳(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)(ru)南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)的呢?主要通(tong)過(guo)兩條(tiao)渠道:一條(tiao)是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)氏族遷徙。南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)不(bu)少氏族來(lai)自閩南(nan)(nan),他們遷徙來(lai)南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)的同(tong)時,把(ba)黃(huang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)的生產(chan)技(ji)術也帶到了南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong);另一條(tiao)渠道是(shi)商業貿易(yi)。明清(qing)南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)商業貿易(yi)非常繁榮,閩南(nan)(nan)來(lai)南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)經商的人不(bu)少,他們為(wei)了獲取商業利(li)潤,很樂意把(ba)黃(huang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)生產(chan)技(ji)術引進南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)。黃(huang)煙(yan)(yan)(yan)傳(chuan)(chuan)入(ru)(ru)南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)后,與南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)特有(you)的土壤、氣候(hou)條(tiao)件相適(shi)應,煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉品(pin)質優良(liang),種(zhong)者日眾。清(qing)乾(qian)隆(long)嘉年間已(yi)成一方(fang)特產(chan)。清(qing)道光(guang)四(si)年《直(zhi)隸(li)南(nan)(nan)雄(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)(xiong)州志.物(wu)產(chan)》載(zai):"煙(yan)(yan)(yan)葉,舊(jiu)志未載(zai),近年四(si)五十(shi)年日暫增植,春種(zhong)秋收,每年貨銀百萬兩,其(qi)利(li)幾與禾稻(dao)等。"。
南(nan)雄(xiong)黃(huang)葉(xie)以(yi)葉(xie)色金黃(huang)、煙(yan)(yan)味醇香、易燃灰白三大特性而素(su)負(fu)盛名,為當今各大煙(yan)(yan)廠生產品(pin)牌(pai)卷煙(yan)(yan)之原料。南(nan)雄(xiong)曬煙(yan)(yan)歷(li)來很(hen)受外商歡迎,出口頗多。
民國時(shi)期已(yi)暢銷五大(da)洲67個(ge)國家和(he)地區(qu)。1953年(nian)到(dao)1979年(nian),年(nian)出口額(e)三五百(bai)噸(dun),多的1954年(nian),出口1155噸(dun)。1980年(nian)后(hou),由(you)于(yu)國外煙葉市場的變(bian)化,消費習慣由(you)清香型(xing)變(bian)為濃香型(xing),外貿出口停止。
近幾(ji)年,隨著煙葉(xie)品種改(gai)良,質量(liang)提(ti)高(gao),南雄煙葉(xie)又恢(hui)復出口。